The Ring programming language version 1.5.4 book - Part 24 of 185
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This document describes various functions in Ring for working with data types, character checking, and type conversions. It includes functions like isstring(), isnumber(), type(), ascii(), number(), string(), hex(), and others to check data types, characters, and convert between types like numbers, strings, hexadecimal, and more. Examples are provided for each function to demonstrate their usage.
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
** 09 Hour (12)
** 144 Day of the year
** 05 Month of the year
** 58 Minutes after hour
** AM AM or PM
** 38 Seconds after the hour
** 21 Week of the year (sun-sat)
** 0 day of the week
** 05/24/15 date
** 09:58:38 time
** 15 year of the century
** 2015 year
** Arab Standard Time time zone
** % percent sign
*/
See TimeList()
Example:
See "Day Name : " + TimeList()[2] # Sunday
Example:
See "Month Name : " + TimeList()[4] # May
28.6 AddDays() Function
Syntax:
AddDays(cDate,nDays) ---> Date from cDate and after nDays
Example:
cDate = date()
see cDate + nl # 24/05/2015
cDate = adddays(cDate,10)
see cDate + nl # 03/06/2015
28.7 DiffDays() Function
Syntax:
DiffDays(cDate1,cDate2) ---> number of days (Date1 - Date2)
Example:
cDate1 = date()
see cDate1 + nl # 24/05/2015
cDate2 = adddays(cDate1,10)
see cDate2 + nl # 03/06/2015
see "DiffDays = " + diffdays(cDate1,cDate2) + nl # -10
see "DiffDays = " + diffdays(cDate2,cDate1) + nl # 10
28.6. AddDays() Function 205](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/231ringfayedringdoc1-180426033357/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-5-4-book-Part-24-of-185-1-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
28.8 EpochTime() Function
Syntax:
EpochTime( cDate, cTime ) ---> Epoch Seconds
Example:
###-------------------------------------------------------------
# EpochTime()
# Example --- EpochSec = EpochTime( Date(), Time() )
# Call Format: EpochSec = EpochTime( "15/07/2016", "10:15:30" )
# EpochSec = 1468577730
#---------------------------------------------------------------
Func EpochTime(Date, Time)
arrayDate = split(Date, "/")
arrayTime = split(Time, ":")
Year = arrayDate[3] ; Month = arrayDate[2] ; Day = arrayDate[1]
Hour = arrayTime[1] ; Minute = arrayTime[2] ; Second = arrayTime[3]
cDate1 = Day +"/"+ Month +"/"+ Year
cDate2 = "01/01/" + Year
DayOfYear = DiffDays( cDate1, cDate2)
### Formula
tm_sec = Second * 1
tm_min = Minute * 60
tm_hour = Hour * 3600
tm_yday = DayOfYear * 86400
tm_year = Year - 1900
tm_year1 = ( tm_year - 70) * 31536000
tm_year2 = ( floor(( tm_year - 69) / 4 )) * 86400
tm_year3 = ( floor(( tm_year - 1) / 100 )) * 86400
tm_year4 = ( floor(( tm_year + 299) / 400 )) * 86400
### Result
EpochSec = tm_sec + tm_min + tm_hour + tm_yday + tm_year1 + tm_year2 - tm_year3 + tm_year4
return EpochSec
28.8. EpochTime() Function 206](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/231ringfayedringdoc1-180426033357/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-5-4-book-Part-24-of-185-2-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
IsNumber(value) ---> 1 if the value is a number or 0 if not
Example:
see isnumber(5) + nl + # print 1
isnumber("hello") + nl # print 0
29.4 IsList() Function
Using the IsList() function we can know if the value is a list or not
Syntax:
IsList(value) ---> 1 if the value is a list or 0 if not
Example:
see islist(5) + nl + # print 0
islist("hello") + nl + # print 0
islist([1,3,5]) # print 1
29.5 Type() Function
We can know the type of a value using the Type() Function.
Syntax:
Type(value) ---> The Type as String
Example:
see Type(5) + nl + # print NUMBER
Type("hello") + nl + # print STRING
Type([1,3,5]) # print LIST
29.6 IsNULL() Function
We can check the value to know if it’s null or not using the IsNULL() function
Syntax:
IsNULL(value) ---> 1 if the value is NULL or 0 if not
Example:
see isnull(5) + nl + # print 0
isnull("hello") + nl + # print 0
isnull([1,3,5]) + nl + # print 0
isnull("") + nl + # print 1
isnull("NULL") # print 1
29.4. IsList() Function 208](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/231ringfayedringdoc1-180426033357/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-5-4-book-Part-24-of-185-4-320.jpg)
The Ring programming language version 1.5.4 book - Part 24 of 185
- 1. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4 ** 09 Hour (12) ** 144 Day of the year ** 05 Month of the year ** 58 Minutes after hour ** AM AM or PM ** 38 Seconds after the hour ** 21 Week of the year (sun-sat) ** 0 day of the week ** 05/24/15 date ** 09:58:38 time ** 15 year of the century ** 2015 year ** Arab Standard Time time zone ** % percent sign */ See TimeList() Example: See "Day Name : " + TimeList()[2] # Sunday Example: See "Month Name : " + TimeList()[4] # May 28.6 AddDays() Function Syntax: AddDays(cDate,nDays) ---> Date from cDate and after nDays Example: cDate = date() see cDate + nl # 24/05/2015 cDate = adddays(cDate,10) see cDate + nl # 03/06/2015 28.7 DiffDays() Function Syntax: DiffDays(cDate1,cDate2) ---> number of days (Date1 - Date2) Example: cDate1 = date() see cDate1 + nl # 24/05/2015 cDate2 = adddays(cDate1,10) see cDate2 + nl # 03/06/2015 see "DiffDays = " + diffdays(cDate1,cDate2) + nl # -10 see "DiffDays = " + diffdays(cDate2,cDate1) + nl # 10 28.6. AddDays() Function 205
- 2. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4 28.8 EpochTime() Function Syntax: EpochTime( cDate, cTime ) ---> Epoch Seconds Example: ###------------------------------------------------------------- # EpochTime() # Example --- EpochSec = EpochTime( Date(), Time() ) # Call Format: EpochSec = EpochTime( "15/07/2016", "10:15:30" ) # EpochSec = 1468577730 #--------------------------------------------------------------- Func EpochTime(Date, Time) arrayDate = split(Date, "/") arrayTime = split(Time, ":") Year = arrayDate[3] ; Month = arrayDate[2] ; Day = arrayDate[1] Hour = arrayTime[1] ; Minute = arrayTime[2] ; Second = arrayTime[3] cDate1 = Day +"/"+ Month +"/"+ Year cDate2 = "01/01/" + Year DayOfYear = DiffDays( cDate1, cDate2) ### Formula tm_sec = Second * 1 tm_min = Minute * 60 tm_hour = Hour * 3600 tm_yday = DayOfYear * 86400 tm_year = Year - 1900 tm_year1 = ( tm_year - 70) * 31536000 tm_year2 = ( floor(( tm_year - 69) / 4 )) * 86400 tm_year3 = ( floor(( tm_year - 1) / 100 )) * 86400 tm_year4 = ( floor(( tm_year + 299) / 400 )) * 86400 ### Result EpochSec = tm_sec + tm_min + tm_hour + tm_yday + tm_year1 + tm_year2 - tm_year3 + tm_year4 return EpochSec 28.8. EpochTime() Function 206
- 3. CHAPTER TWENTYNINE CHECK DATA TYPE AND CONVERSION In this chapter we are going to learn about the functions that can be used for • Checking Data Type • Checking Character • Conversion 29.1 Check Data Type The next functions can be used to check the data type • isstring() • isnumber() • islist() • type() • isnull() 29.2 IsString() Function Using the IsString() function we can know if the value is a string or not Syntax: IsString(value) ---> 1 if the value is a string or 0 if not Example: see isstring(5) + nl + # print 0 isstring("hello") + nl # print 1 29.3 IsNumber() Function Using the IsNumber() function we can know if the value is a number or not Syntax: 207
- 4. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4 IsNumber(value) ---> 1 if the value is a number or 0 if not Example: see isnumber(5) + nl + # print 1 isnumber("hello") + nl # print 0 29.4 IsList() Function Using the IsList() function we can know if the value is a list or not Syntax: IsList(value) ---> 1 if the value is a list or 0 if not Example: see islist(5) + nl + # print 0 islist("hello") + nl + # print 0 islist([1,3,5]) # print 1 29.5 Type() Function We can know the type of a value using the Type() Function. Syntax: Type(value) ---> The Type as String Example: see Type(5) + nl + # print NUMBER Type("hello") + nl + # print STRING Type([1,3,5]) # print LIST 29.6 IsNULL() Function We can check the value to know if it’s null or not using the IsNULL() function Syntax: IsNULL(value) ---> 1 if the value is NULL or 0 if not Example: see isnull(5) + nl + # print 0 isnull("hello") + nl + # print 0 isnull([1,3,5]) + nl + # print 0 isnull("") + nl + # print 1 isnull("NULL") # print 1 29.4. IsList() Function 208
- 5. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4 29.7 Check Character The next functions can be used to check character • isalnum() • isalpha() • iscntrl() • isdigit() • isgraph() • islower() • isprint() • ispunct() • isspace() • isupper() • isxdigit() 29.8 IsAlNum() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsAlNum() Function Syntax: IsAlNum(value) ---> 1 if the value is digit/letter or 0 if not Example: see isalnum("Hello") + nl + # print 1 isalnum("123456") + nl + # print 1 isalnum("ABCabc123") + nl + # print 1 isalnum("How are you") # print 0 because of spaces 29.9 IsAlpha() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsAlpha() Function Syntax: IsAlpha(value) ---> 1 if the value is a letter or 0 if not Example: see isalpha("Hello") + nl + # print 1 isalpha("123456") + nl + # print 0 isalpha("ABCabc123") + nl + # print 0 isalpha("How are you") # print 0 29.7. Check Character 209
- 6. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4 29.10 IsCntrl() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsCntrl() Function Syntax: IsCntrl(value) ---> 1 if the value is a control character (no printing position) or 0 if not Example: See iscntrl("hello") + nl + # print 0 iscntrl(nl) # print 1 29.11 IsDigit() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsDigit() Function Syntax: IsDigit(value) ---> 1 if the value is a digit or 0 if not Example: see isdigit("0123456789") + nl + # print 1 isdigit("0123a") # print 0 29.12 IsGraph() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsGraph() Function Syntax: IsGraph(value) ---> 1 if the value can be printed (Except space) or 0 if not Example: see isgraph("abcdef") + nl + # print 1 isgraph("abc def") # print 0 29.13 IsLower() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsLower() Function Syntax: IsLower(value) ---> 1 if the value is lowercase letter or 0 if not Example: see islower("abcDEF") + nl + # print 0 islower("ghi") # print 1 29.10. IsCntrl() Function 210
- 7. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4 29.14 IsPrint() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsPrint() Function Syntax: IsPrint(value) ---> 1 if the value occupies a printing position or 0 if not Example: see isprint("Hello") + nl + # print 1 isprint("Nice to see you") + nl + # print 1 isprint(nl) # print 0 29.15 IsPunct() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsPunct() Function Syntax: IsPunct(value) ---> 1 if the value is a punctuation character or 0 if not Example: see ispunct("hello") + nl + # print 0 ispunct(",") # print 1 29.16 IsSpace() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsSpace() Function Syntax: IsSpace(value) ---> 1 if the value is a white-space or 0 if not Example: see isspace(" ") + nl + # print 1 isspace("test") # print 0 29.17 IsUpper() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsUpper() Function Syntax: IsUpper(value) ---> 1 if the value is an uppercase alphabetic letter or 0 if not Example: see isupper("welcome") + nl + # print 0 isupper("WELCOME") # print 1 29.14. IsPrint() Function 211
- 8. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4 29.18 IsXdigit() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsXdigit() Function Syntax: IsXdigit(value) ---> 1 if the value is a hexdecimal digit character or 0 if not Example: see isxdigit("0123456789abcdef") + nl + # print 1 isxdigit("123z") # print 0 29.19 Conversion The next functions can be used for conversion • number() • string() • ascii() • char() • hex() • dec() • str2hex() • hex2str() 29.20 Number() Function We can convert strings to numbers using the Number() function or the + operator. Syntax: Number(string) ---> Number 0 + string ---> Number Example: see number("5") + 5 + nl # print 10 see 0 + "10" + 2 # print 12 29.21 String() Function We can convert numbers to strings using the String() function or the + operator. Syntax: String(number) ---> String "" + number ---> String 29.18. IsXdigit() Function 212
- 9. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4 Example: see string(5) + 5 + nl # print 55 see "" + 10 + 2 # print 102 29.22 Ascii() Function We can get the ASCII code for a letter using the Ascii() function Syntax: Ascii(character) ---> ASCII Code Example: See ascii("m") + nl + # print 109 ascii("M") # print 77 29.23 Char() Function We can convert the ASCII code to character using the Char() function. Syntax: Char(ASCII Code) ---> character Example: See char(109) + nl + # print m char(77) # print M 29.24 Hex() Function We can convert decimal to hexadecimal using the Hex() function. Syntax: Hex(decimal) ---> hexadecimal Example: See hex(10) + nl + # print a hex(200) # print c8 29.25 Dec() Function We can convert hexadecimal to decimal using the Dec() function Syntax: Dec(hexadecimal) ---> decimal 29.22. Ascii() Function 213
- 10. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4 Example: See dec("a") + nl + # print 10 dec("c8") # print 200 29.26 Str2hex() Function We can convert string characters to hexadecimal characters using the Str2hex() function. Syntax: Str2hex(string) ---> hexadecimal string Example: See str2hex("hello") # print 68656c6c6f 29.27 Hex2str() Function We can convert hexadecimal characters to string using the Hex2str() function Syntax: Hex2Str(Hexadecimal string) ---> string Example: See hex2str("68656c6c6f") # print hello 29.26. Str2hex() Function 214