Selenium Basics by Quontra Solutions
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The document provides an overview of Selenium, an open-source tool for test automation that supports various programming languages and enables cross-browser testing. It details the components of Selenium, including Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, and Selenium Grid, and outlines their features, configurations, and limitations. Additionally, it offers guidance on setting up Selenium with Eclipse and using certain tools like Debug Bar and Firebug for object identification.
![ In Selenium, the objects are called as locators and they can be identified using Xpath, DOM or CSS.
Locators take the form of
◦ “locatorType=argument”
A locator type can be an element id, an element name, an xpath expression, link text, and more.
A few examples:
selenium.click(“id=idOfThing”); //an id locator
selenium.click(“name=nameOfThing”); //a name locator
selenium.click(“xpath=//img[@alt='The image alt text']”); //an xpath locators
slenium.click(“dom=document.images[56]” ); //a DOM locator
selenium.click(“link=Test Page For Selenium”); //a link locator
selenium.click(“css=span#firstChild”); //a css locator
Locators will be covered in detail in the next session on “Objects Construction”.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/selenium-basicsbyquontrasolutions-140728023734-phpapp02/85/Selenium-Basics-by-Quontra-Solutions-26-320.jpg)
![import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is a package need to be include for using Selenium API
public class SampleScript // This is Class name
{
public static void main( String args[] ) throws Exception // This is main function
{
// This is the statement for Creating Browser Object
DefaultSelenium Brw= new DefaultSelenium ("localhost",4444,"*chrome", "http://");
Brw.start(); // This statement starts the Browser
Brw.open("www.google.com"); // This statement loads google.com url
Brw.waitForPageToLoad("30000"); // This stmt waits till loading complete web page
Brw.windowMaximize(); // This stmt maximizes browser window
Brw.type("//input[@name='q']", "valuelabs"); // This stmt enters Valuelabs text in search field
Brw.click("//input[@name='btnG']"); // This stmt clicks on google search button
}
}
//input[@name='q‘] – Object Identifier for Search Field
//input[@name='btnG'] – Object locator for Search Btn](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/selenium-basicsbyquontrasolutions-140728023734-phpapp02/85/Selenium-Basics-by-Quontra-Solutions-27-320.jpg)
Selenium Basics by Quontra Solutions
- 1. Prepared By Quontra Solutions IT Courses Online Training – USA For Demo Call Us : +1 404-900-9988 Email: info@quontrasolutions.com
- 2. Introduction Where to get Selenium? Selenium Vs QTP,Silktest Limitations Features of Selenium Components Selenium CORE Configuring Selenium CORE Selenium IDE Selenium IDE-Sample Script Recording and Executing a Script Selenium RC(Remote Control) Starting Selenium Server Default Selenium Class Locators Sample Script Selenium Command Reference Selenium RC Configuration with Eclipse Object Identification Selenium Grid
- 3. Selenium is set of different software tools each with a different approach to supporting test automation. Selenium is an open source tool. Selenium supports as many as 8 programming languages such as HTML , Ruby , PHP, Python, C#, Java, Perl etc. Latest side of Selenium is Grid, which allows the running of multiple Selenium tests on different browsers and different platforms.
- 4. We can everything from the Selenium site www.seleniumhq.org Software's: All the selenium software's can be downloaded by using the below link http://seleniumhq.org/download/ Documentation: Documentation can be downloaded by using the below link http://seleniumhq.org/docs/
- 5. Object Identification: ◦ Faster: Selenium can identify objects using xpath, So it can directly go to a specific object ◦ Slow: Silk test and QTP follows a hierarchy for locating objects. Scripting Language: ◦ QTP allow users to write script in VB script only. ◦ Silk test has proprietary scripting language 4TL. ( 4 Test Language ) ◦ But Selenium allows writing script in Java, Ruby, Perl, PHP, C# and Python. Price : ◦ Selenium is an open source tool. ◦ Silk and QTP are not free tools QTP license cost is around $7500 , Silk test license cost is around $8500 USD
- 6. Desktop applications: ◦ We can’t automate desktop applications using Selenium. ◦ We can automate using QTP and Silk test. Object Repository: Capturing objects properties is a tough task as we need to prepare the object repository.
- 7. It has support for multiple operating systems like Windows, Linux and Mac Cross browser testing can be done easily on browsers like IE, Firefox, Safari, Netscape etc. It supports multiple programming Languages like C#, Java, Ruby, Python .. etc It can be used for automating Ajax and swift web pages. It is easy to use, if are familiar with any one of supported programming language It is easy to learn It is free-open source tool It has matured community forums to get clarifications
- 8. Selenium is majorly divided into four components Selenium CORE Selenium IDE Selenium RC(Remote Control) Selenium Grid
- 9. Selenium Core is a test tool for web applications. Selenium Core tests run directly in a browser. And they run in Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh. This is deprecated with the advent of Selenium IDE and Selenium RC. Initially IDE has capability for recording test cases only. In earlier stages executed recorded script using Test runner. Later IDE introduced with the execution facility. Disadvantages: We cannot record scripts using this. We can run scripts in only HTML format using Test runner.html
- 10. Download the Selenium Core zip file (selenium-core- 1.0.1.zip) and extract the files into a folder. Open Command Prompt and then navigate to the path where the files are extracted
- 12. A new “Selenium Functional Test Runner” window will be opened. We need to enter the test suite path in “Test Suite” edit box on the left hand side . Click on “Go” and then the screen window changes with the commands.
- 13. ∗ Now click on “Run” option on the right hand side of the window so that the test case executes successfully.
- 14. IDE means integrated development environment, which is used for record and run the scripts. Selenium IDE is add-on for “Mozilla Firefox”. The recorded scripts in Selenium IDE can be viewed in the following supported languages: 1) HTML 2) Java 3) C# 4) PERL 5) Python 6) Ruby 7) PHP The recorded scripts in Selenium IDE can be run against other browsers like IE, Safari, Google, Chrome and Opera by using Selenium RC. By default the script that is recorded should be saved with the .html extension. It will keep the user actions as they are performed and store them as a reusable script to play back. It supports only for Firefox. Using Selenium IDE we can record, save, execute and debug the scripts It can’t support for Database verifications Error handling and Customize reporting.
- 15. The script is saved as .html file so the run options are active Observations: Table is active here because the extension is .html Run Options are active and we can run the test case now.
- 16. These are the statements generated during record from IDE
- 17. Observations: Table is not available because the format of the script is changed to Java. Run options are graded out because the default format for Selenium IDE is HTML.
- 19. Open Firefox and application you want to test Launch Selenium IDE using tools-Selenium IDE By default, you should be in the recording mode, but confirm it by observing the Red button. By default it will be in the HTML format. Otherwise, go to Options-Format-Select HTML Format. Record some actions and make sure that these are coming on Selenium IDE. During recording if you right click on any element it will show all the selenium commands available. You can also edit existing command, by selecting it and editing on the boxes available. You can also insert/delete commands by choosing appropriate option after right clicking. Choose appropriate run option - i.e walk, run or test runner and review your results. The recorded script can be viewed in two options: 1) Table 2) Source In Table, we can see the script in tabular format. In Source, we can see the script in html code. If we want to see the recorded script in other selenium supported languages, Go to Options, then select Format select the desired language. Drawback Biggest drawback of Selenium IDE is its limitation in terms of the browser support (only Mozilla Firefox).
- 20. Selenium RC comes in two parts i.e. Server and Client libraries Selenium-RC software comes with seven folders and we need to use these files to configure RC with the language chosen. 1) selenium-server-1.0.3 -Configuration files for launching the RC server 2) selenium-java-client-driver-1.0.1- Java supported RC files 3) selenium-perl-client-driver-1.0.1-Perl supported RC files 4) selenium-php-client-driver-1.0.1-PHP supported RC files 5) selenium-python-client-driver-1.0.1-Python supported RC files 6) selenium-ruby-client-driver-1.0.1-Ruby supported RC files 7) selenium-dotnet-client-driver-1.0.1-C# supported RC files Selenium RC uses a server called “Jetty Server” for launching browsers
- 21. Selenium RC is an Open Source platform and supports only web- applications for automation. We can develop scripts using any popular programming languages Using Selenium RC with a high-level programming language allows us to query database, email test results and use iteration statements to navigate through the result set Using RC we can execute scripts in different browsers and platforms
- 22. Before starting any tests you must start the server. Go to the directory where Selenium-RC’s server is located and run the following from a command-line console. Command to start server is ◦ java -jar selenium-server.jar Command to stop selenium server ◦ http://localhost:4444/selenium-server/driver/?cmd=shutDown
- 23. We can do this in our test code using the SeleniumServer class We need to follow below steps ◦ Create an object for SeleniumServer class ◦ Use “Start” method for starting server. ◦ User “Stop” method for stopping server. Sample code for Starting and Stopping selenium server. SeleniumServer server = new SeleniumServer(); server.start(); ….. server.stop(); With the server running, we may now use a client also. Selenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium( String seleniumServerHost, int seleniumServerPort, String browserType, String baseURL); selenium.open("http://www.somesite.com/somePage.html"); selenium.stop();
- 25. Default Selenium is class for creating browser reference Variables used in the Default Selenium constructor are: ◦ seleniumServerHost is the where the Selenium Server is running. i.e. hostname ◦ seleniumServerPort is the port on which the Selenium Server is listening. The default port is 4444. ◦ browserType is the type of browser you want to use for testing. Common browser types are *firefox, *iexplore, *opera and etc. ◦ baseURL is the base URL for the site you are testing. Now, just opening a page isn’t all that useful. We need to interact with the page. To do this, we use our selenium client’s methods with locators. For example: ◦ selnium.click("link=Text For Some Link"); ◦ The string “link=Text For Some Link” is a locator.
- 26. In Selenium, the objects are called as locators and they can be identified using Xpath, DOM or CSS. Locators take the form of ◦ “locatorType=argument” A locator type can be an element id, an element name, an xpath expression, link text, and more. A few examples: selenium.click(“id=idOfThing”); //an id locator selenium.click(“name=nameOfThing”); //a name locator selenium.click(“xpath=//img[@alt='The image alt text']”); //an xpath locators slenium.click(“dom=document.images[56]” ); //a DOM locator selenium.click(“link=Test Page For Selenium”); //a link locator selenium.click(“css=span#firstChild”); //a css locator Locators will be covered in detail in the next session on “Objects Construction”.
- 27. import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is a package need to be include for using Selenium API public class SampleScript // This is Class name { public static void main( String args[] ) throws Exception // This is main function { // This is the statement for Creating Browser Object DefaultSelenium Brw= new DefaultSelenium ("localhost",4444,"*chrome", "http://"); Brw.start(); // This statement starts the Browser Brw.open("www.google.com"); // This statement loads google.com url Brw.waitForPageToLoad("30000"); // This stmt waits till loading complete web page Brw.windowMaximize(); // This stmt maximizes browser window Brw.type("//input[@name='q']", "valuelabs"); // This stmt enters Valuelabs text in search field Brw.click("//input[@name='btnG']"); // This stmt clicks on google search button } } //input[@name='q‘] – Object Identifier for Search Field //input[@name='btnG'] – Object locator for Search Btn
- 28. Below are usefull commands in selenium open - opens a page using a URL captureScreenshot - Captures a PNG screenshot to the specified file Check - Check a toggle-button (checkbox/radio) Click - Clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button Close – Clicks on the "close" button in the titlebar of a popup window or tab doubleClick - Double clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button getEval - Gets the result of evaluating the specified JavaScript code getHtmlSource - Returns the entire HTML source getLocation - Gets the absolute URL of the current page getText - Gets the text of an element getTitle - Gets the title of the current page getValue - Gets the value of an input field goBack - clicks on the "back" button on their browser isChecked - Gets whether a toggle-button (checkbox/radio) is checked isElementPresent - Verifies that the specified element is somewhere on the page isTextPresent - Determines if the specified element is visible Refresh – Clicks on the "Refresh" button on their browser
- 29. Select - Select an option from a drop-down selectFrame - Selects a frame within the current window selectWindow - Selects a popup window Start - Launches the browser with a new Selenium session Stop - Ends the test session, killing the browser Type - Sets the value of an input field Uncheck - Uncheck a toggle-button (checkbox/radio) windowMaximize - Resize currently selected window to take up the entire screen
- 30. Prerequisites: If we want to configure Selenium RC with Eclipse, following files are required Eclipse JDK 1.5 or Later versions. Selenium JAR files a) selenium-server.jar b) selenium-java-client-driver.jar c) junit.jar d) Poi related jar files (For handling excel)
- 31. Open the Eclipse by double clicking on eclipse.exe, Click on OK for workspace launcher. Click on workbench, it will allow you to move inside the eclipse. Click on File->New->Select Java Project. Enter the Project name and then click on “Configure JRE’s”
- 32. ∗ Click on “Add” and give the path upto the jdk directory so that all the JRE files will be added and ∗ click on Finish.
- 33. ∗ Now the JRE is successfully configured with our project root directory ∗ Right click on JRE System Library-> Build Path- >Configure Build Path
- 34. ∗ Click on “Add External JAR’s” and then select the four jar files and add them to our project.
- 35. Now the jar files are also successfully configured with our project. • Click on Run from the Menu--> External Tools-->Select External Tools Configuration--> Double Click on Program and then enter the following details as shown in the screen. • Click on Apply and then click on “Run”.
- 36. ∗ Now the Selenium RC is successfully configured with Eclipse and you are ready to write the scripts and execute them successfully. ∗ On successful running of Selenium server, the eclipse IDE gives an message that the server started successfully on port number 4444(default)
- 38. For identifying the properties in Selenium, we use the below tools: • Debug bar for Internet Explorer. • Firebug for Mozilla Firefox. Debug bar Installation: • Download the debug bar software by using the below link: http://www.debugbar.com/ • Click on the exe file and then install the software. • Once the software is installed, you will find the debug bar on the left side of the window.
- 39. Drag the circle and place it on the object which we want to identify the object.
- 40. The properties will be identified in the Attrs field. Using these fields, we can identify the objects.
- 41. Firebug Installation: Download the debug bar software by using the below link: https://addons.mozilla.org/en- US/firefox/addon/1843/ Click on the exe file and then install the software. Once the software is installed, you will find the firebug on the bottom of the window.
- 42. Once we select the object, automatically the objects properties will be displayed in the bottom:
- 44. Selenium Grid is used for launching the multiple browsers with supported operating system in parallel. We can run the scripts on different browsers in parallel. Selenium Grid is a tool that dramatically speeds up functional testing of web-apps. It allows you to easily run multiple tests in parallel, on multiple machines, in a heterogeneous environment. Selenium Grid consists of a component called “Selenium Hub” which is the unique entry point for all the tests running by using Selenium Grid.
- 45. To ease the maintenance of a Selenium-Grid deployment: Selenium Grid Hub sends periodic heartbeat messages to all registered Remote Controls to make sure that they are still up and running. Selenium Grid Remote Controls send periodic heartbeat messages to the Hub to check that it still considers them as registered.
- 48. Let’s have a Demo!! With Quontra Solutions Call Us : +1(404)-900-9988 Email:info@quontrasolutions.com Let’s have a Demo!! With Quontra Solutions Call Us : +1(404)-900-9988 Email:info@quontrasolutions.com