Selenium
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Selenium is a tool for automating web application testing. It supports multiple browsers and operating systems. Selenium has several components including Selenium IDE for recording and playing back tests in Firefox, Selenium RC for running tests across browsers, Selenium WebDriver for browser automation, and Selenium Grid for distributed testing. Selenium IDE records user actions as scripts, which can then be enhanced and debugged. WebDriver interacts directly with browser APIs for better control and supports the latest technologies. Grid allows running tests in parallel on different browsers and machines.
![• If any junit code is used in then replace with appropriate TestNG code.
• verifyTextPresent in a field may require manual changes
Eg.
try {
assertTrue(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("BODY")).getText().matches("^[sS]*Homern
rn[sS]*$"));
} catch (Error e) {
verificationErrors.append(e.toString());
}
replace with
try {
assertEquals(“Home”,driver.findElement(By.id("WindowName")).getText());
} catch (Error e) {
verificationErrors.append(e.toString());
}
Step 7 : Run the selenium automation script by right the java file and Run as-> TestNG Test.
Step 8 : Verify the test results in the console.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/selenium-180209102959/85/Selenium-28-320.jpg)
Selenium
- 1. Overview of Selenium Selenium is a set of tools for automating testing activities of web application. Selenium is highly flexible, allowing many options for locating UI elements and comparing expected test results against actual application behavior. We can execute one test in multiple machines. Selenium Components Selenium is divided into following major tools. • Selenium IDE • Selenium RC • Selenium webdriver • Selenium Grid Selenium-IDE Selenium is a web automation tool.It is a firefox plugin. It is a record and playback tool.It will record the scripts automatically based on user's action on a site.After the recording the tester needs to make small changes in the script based on the testing flow.It allows to record, edit and debug the generated scripts. By using this IDE we can create browser based regression test suit. Selenium IDE provides option to set breakpoint.We can set breakpoint from which line to which line we need to run.We use selenium IDE for web automation, it helps us to test field level validation, for example in contact us page if contact no is given then clicking the submit button, the warning message will appear for contact no is mandatory then we can capture the warning message using selenium IDE. After capturing the warning message we execute the script for regression it finds whether the warning comes or not. Disadvantage Selenium IDE works only on firefox plugin. For supporting multiple browsers,
- 2. we can move to Selenium RC. Selenium-RC (Remote Control) Selenium-RC supports multiple browser environment.It also allows to use a highlevel programming language for maximum flexibility and extensibility in developing test logic. We can execute the generated testscript from selenium IDE and export it into java, Ruby to any other language, import the script in eclipse IDE.By using eclipse IDE we can enhance the testscript. Selenium-RC provides an API (Application Programming Interface) and library for each of its supported languages: HTML, Java, C#, Perl, PHP, Python, and Ruby. Selenium-RC supports high- level programming languages to develop automation test cases. Disadvantage Currently Selenium RC is not used. Because it doesnt support the latest android technologies. To overcome this we are moving to web driver. Selenium Web driver It has a lot of new features. It supports latest android technologies. It doesn't require the knowledge of RC. It interacts with html of the application as a real user.It allows to integrate with Junit, TestNG.It handles the Javascript alerts, prompts and handling multiple frames, multiple browser windows. Selenium-WebDriver supports multi browsers multi OS, it uses browser’s native support for automation to make direct calls to the browser. The WebDriver supports multiple browser like FirefoxDriver, ChromeDriver, InternetExplorerDriver, SafariDriver etc. The direct calls are made to each browser is depends on which browser you are using. Selenium-Grid Selenium-Grid allows the Selenium-RC solution to scale for large test suites or test suites that must be run in multiple environments. With Selenium-Grid, multiple instances of Selenium-RC are running on various operating system and browser configurations; Each of these when launching register with a hub. When tests are sent to the hub they are then redirected to an available Selenium- RC, which will launch the browser and run the test. This allows for running tests in parallel, with the entire test suite theoretically taking only as long to run as the longest individual test. Download Selenium From the below link you can download the latest selenium components. http://seleniumhq.org/download/
- 3. How to install Selenium IDE? Step 1: Open Mozilla Firefox Step 2: Enter the link http://seleniumhq.org/download/ and click GO, webpage will be opened, then Click on 'Download' link for the Selenium IDE project. Step 3: While downloading it will ask for allow download, so Click ‘Allow’ button on the top-right side to proceed with the installation Step 4: Click on the 'Install Now' button, the downloading starts and after download completes it ask for Restart Firefox
- 4. Step 5: click 'Restart Firefox' button Step 6: After restart, Click Tools > Selenium IDE in the firefox
- 5. Step 7: It opens the new Selenium IDE record/playback window.
- 6. Selenium IDE Tool Selenium Concepts Selenium scripts were generated in the form of • command • target • value
- 8. Selenium IDE Tools How to record in Selenium IDE? 1. Open Firefox browser. 2. Click on Tools > Selenium IDE, Selenium IDE window will be opened. 3. Enter the application URL in the firefox browser and press enter, parallelly the Selenium IDE is still in open. 4. Click on the red icon in the top right of the Selenium IDE to record the actions. 5. After clicking the red icon, minimize the Selenium IDE window and start working on the application. All the actions which you performed in the application are recorded in Selenium IDE in the form of script. 6. After you complete all the recording actions, Click the same red icon again (now it is recording mode) to stop recording.
- 9. 7. To playback the recorded scripts, click on the green icon('Play entire test suite') which is in the top left of the window. 8. After clicking the green icon, the test scripts will start execute (play back) line by line. The resluts are shown in the Log which in the bottom site of the window. Selenium WebDriver Selenium 2.0 - is a tool for automated functional testing, which includes two previously independent projects - Selenium Remote Control (Selenium RC) and webDriver (Selenium WD). Selenium 2.0 allows you to use all the tools like Selenium WebDriver, and Selenium RC. Selenium developers recommend to use Selenium webDriver, as Selenium RC was officially deprecated. While working at Selenium 2.0 they mainly developed Selenium WebDriver and its compatibility with Selenium RC. Selenium RC itself was not changed much. There is a number of WebDrivers for the major browsers in the moment, which are in different readiness stages: • FirefoxDriver (3.0, 3.5, 3.6, 4.0, 5.0, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and beginning with ver. 2.15 partially 11) • InternetExplorerDriver (6, 7, 8, 9 - 32 and 64-bit where applicable) • ChromeDriver (12.0.7, 12.0 +); OperaDriver (11.5 +) • OperaDriver (11.5 +) • SafariDriver - currently is not available • HtmlUnitDriver (2.9), cross-platform driver on java, no need to install any browser • AndriodDriver (2.3 + for phones and tablets (devices & emulators) IphoneDriver) • iOS 3 + for phones (devices & emulators) and 3.2 + for tablets (devices & emulators) Languages (bindings) officially supported in Selenium WebDriver are: C # Java Ruby Python
- 10. Features of Web driver No need to start server prior to start executing scripts. • It allows to simulate the mouse movements. • It provides the improved reliability between browsers. • A most awaiting feature added in WebDriver is “Implementation of listeners”. • For web application testing, it provides standard programming interface. • It allows to simulate keyboard key press events using different classes. • It allows to simulate the clicking of browser front and back button. • Added advantage to support for iPhone and Android testing • It os similar to QTP, It allows to extract the objects in bulk. In RC this is big pain to extracting the objects. • It supports features like Page navigation, Drag-and-drop and AJAX-based UI elements. • Using WebDriver can easily find the coordinates of any object. • WebDriver is open source & it allows you to easily integrate with testing framework like JUnit or TestNG. Now we will see the demo how selenium web driver works
- 11. Run a simple test script in Selenium Webdriver with TestNG Step 1 : Record selenium automation script using Selenium IDE. Step 2: Export the recorded selenium automation script as a Java / JUnit 4 / Webdriver. Eg. Here we export a java as “Login.java” a)Export as java file
- 12. b) Save the exported java file
- 13. Step 3: Create a New java project in eclipse and import the java file which was exported in the previous step. Go to File -> New -> Project
- 14. Select new project as java project
- 15. Enter the project name
- 16. Click finish
- 17. Create a new package
- 18. Enter the project name.
- 19. Right the package and select import option.
- 21. Select the java file
- 22. After import the java file will been seen with error since the classpath not set for selenium webdriver jars.
- 23. Step 4 : Download Selenium 2 Web Driver from http://seleniumhq.org/download/
- 24. You will get the folder in your download path and keep it there and unzip it so that you can use it in later steps. The files in the folder should look something like this :
- 25. Step 5: Add External Files (Referenced Libraries ) in to the Eclipse. a. Right Click the project and go to Properties. b. Go to Java Build Path -> Library tab -> Add External JARs… c. Now add all the jar files d. Check if they are appearing in the Eclipse as below.
- 27. e. After configure the classpath the error will be cleared automatically. Step 6: Install TestNG Plug-in in Eclipse. In Eclipse, go to Help -> Install New Software Enter http://beust.com/eclipse in the Work with: field Wait and TestNG will be appeared in the window. Check the box next to TestNG and Click on Next button. Click on Finish and the Restart the Eclipse. Step 7: Change the Junit code to TestNG code.(Exported Login.java) Change the annotation from Junit code to TestNG. Eg. @Before replace with @BeforeTest @After replace with @AfterTest Remove the Junit import header and replace with appropriate TestNG import header . Eg., import org.junit.*; replace with import org.testng.*; and import org.testng.annotations.*;
- 28. • If any junit code is used in then replace with appropriate TestNG code. • verifyTextPresent in a field may require manual changes Eg. try { assertTrue(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("BODY")).getText().matches("^[sS]*Homern rn[sS]*$")); } catch (Error e) { verificationErrors.append(e.toString()); } replace with try { assertEquals(“Home”,driver.findElement(By.id("WindowName")).getText()); } catch (Error e) { verificationErrors.append(e.toString()); } Step 7 : Run the selenium automation script by right the java file and Run as-> TestNG Test. Step 8 : Verify the test results in the console.
- 29. Note: In the exported Java from selenium IDE require manual changes to run the script in eclipse.