Introduction to Computer Technology | presentation for IT& Computer science
- 2. Team Presentation 2 Saif-ul-Rehman BS CS Roll no 126 Sharjeel Ahmad BS CS Roll no 120 Zain-ul-Abideen BS CS Roll no 122
- 3. “ 3 ▸ What is Computer ? A computer is an ELECTRONIC MACHINE used to solve different problems according to a set of instructions given to it. Computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions.
- 4. “ ▸ Topics that we will discuss in our presentations : 4 1 • History of Computers 2 • Classification of Computers 3 • Generations of Computers
- 6. Abacus • First computing device • Arithmetic Operations • Invented in Babylonia in 2400 BC by Chinese Napier’s Bones • Scottish Scientist (Napier Bones) in 1614 • Uses rods to perform Arithmetic Operations • Also created logarithm tables for calculations Slide Rule • English Mathematician(William Oughtred) in 1622. • Used for multiplication, divisions, roots, logarithm and trigonometry. • Consists of 3 parts(Slide, Rule and Sliding Cursor)
- 7. Pascaline • French Mathematician (Blaise Pascal) in 1642 • Have metal wheels with digits 0-9 • Too expensive • Can’t add or subtract Stepped Reckoner (Leibniz Calculator) • German Sci. Gottfried Leibniz in 1672 • Automatically addition, subtraction, multiply and divide • More accurate than pascal Jacquard Loom • French Sci. Joseph Jacquard • Used in textile manufacturing • Helped in making programmable machine like computer
- 8. Arithmometer • Thomas de Colmar in 1820 • First reliable, useful and commercially successful calculating machine • Can perform 4 basic mathematic functions • First time mass-produced calculating machine Difference and Analytical Engine • English Mathematician Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834 respectively • Automatic, mechanical designed to tabulate polynomial functions • Principal of modern computer (digital computer) Scheutzian Calculation Engine • Per Georg Scheutz in 1843 • Based on difference engine. • The first printing calculator.
- 9. Tabulating Machine (Hollerith Desk) • American scientist Herman Hollerith in 1890 • Assist in summarizing information and accounting • Started tabulating machine company later changed to international business management IBM ENIAC • Electronic Numerical integrator and computer • General purpose computer • Completed in 1946 • John Presper Eckret and John w. Mauchl. • Heavy and large in size • High power consumption • Perform 5000 addition per sec • Uses decimal number system UNIVAC • Universal Automatic computer • Commercial computer • Eckert and Mauchly formed Eckert-Mauchly computer corporation in 1947 for manufacturing commercially
- 10. IBM-650 • An early computer developed by IBM in 1955. • Designed to use magnetic drums. • Read data from punched cards and magnetic tapes. • It was one of the first widely used computer. APPLE • Apple-1 was developed by Steve Wozniak Jobs in 1977. • It was small and user friendly computer. The common people could use it easily. • Apple-II was the first that used color display. • Very popular computer of its time. IBM-PC • IBM personal computer was introduced in 1981. • Small and fast computer. • It could be attached on audio cassette player and TV set at home. • Based on 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used MS DOS operating system.
- 12. 12 Computers Personal Computers Or Micro Computers Desktop Computers All-in-one Computers Workstation Computers Server Computers Portable Computers Laptop Ultra Book Net Book Tablet Slate Tablet Convertible Mobile Devices Smartphones Handheld Computers Portable Media Player E-Book Reader Mini Computers Mainframe Computers Super Computers Embedded Computers Hierarchy Of Computers
- 14. 1ST Generation • Developed by two scientists MAUCHLY and ECHERT at CENSUS Department of united states in 1947. • It was the only electronic component available during those days. • These computers can calculate data in milli seconds. 2nd Generation •The second generation computer used transistors. •The scientist of BELL LABORTRIE developed transistors in 1947. these scientists include JHON BARDEEN,WILLAIM BRATTAIN •They were smaller in size as compared to first generation • Air conditioning was required •Costly and not vertile 3rd Generation •Third generation computers used integrated circuit (IC). •T was developed by JACK KILBY in 1958. •It was an important invention in computer field •The size of an IC is ¼ square inch an single IC chip contain thousands of transistors •Smaller In size •Better Accuracy •Less expensive •Air conditioning was required
- 15. 4th Generation • The fourth started with the invention of micro processor. • It was produced by TEDHOFF in 1971. • In this technology of IC improved rapidly • It contains thousand of ICS • More powerful. • Very small in size. • Fan for heat discharging • E.G • IBM PC 5th Generation • Scientists are working on fifth generation computer using recent engineering advance. • it is based on Artificial inelegance.