02 - skletal system.ppt

SKLETAL SYSTEM
•
It is divided into two
parts :
•
Axial.
•
Appendicular.

AXIAL SKELETON
•
It forms the
longtudinal axis of the
body.
•
It is divided into three
parts :
•
Skull.
•
Vertebral Column.
•
Bony thorax.

SKULL
•
It is formed of two
sets of bones :
•
Cranium.
•
Facial bones.
•
Most of Its bones
are flat.

CRANIUM
•
it encloses and
protects the brain.
•
It is formed of eight
large flat bones.
•
Two of them are
paired and the others
are single.

CRANIUM
•
The bones are :
•
Frontal.
•
Parietal.
•
Temporal.
•
Occipital.
•
The bones are joined
together by sutures.

FACIAL BONES
•
They hold the eyes in
an anterior position.
•
They are (14) bones.
•
Twelve are paired and
only the mandible and
vomer are single.
•
They are : maxillae,
palatine,zygomatic,
lacrimal, nasal, vomer
and mandible.

VERTEBRAL COLUMN
•
It is the axial support
of the body.
•
It extends from the
skull which it supports
to the pelvis, where it
transmits the weight
of the body to the
lower limbs.

VERTEBRAL COLUMN
•
It is formed of (24)
single bones
(Vertebrae) :
•
Cervical vertebrae
(7).
•
Thoracic
vertebrae(12).
•
Lumbar vertebrae (5).
•
Sacrum (fused 5
vertebrae).
•
Coccyx (fused 4
vertebrae).

VERTEBRAL COLUMN
•
The single vertebrae
are separated by
pads of flexible
fibrocartilage (inter
vertebral discs).
•
The intervertebral
discs absorb shocks
and allow the spine
flexibility.

TYPICAL VERTEBRA
•
It is formed of :
•
Body.
•
Vertebral arch: laminae
and pedicle.
•
Vertebral foramen.
•
Transverse process.
•
Spinous process.
•
Superior and inferior
articular processes.
•
THEY ARE IRREGULAR
BONES.

DIFFERENT VERTEBRAE
•
Cervical :smallest ,
the spine is divided
into two branches.
Transverse process
contain foramen.
•
Thoracic : body is
heart shaped and has
two costal facets.
•
Lumbar : massive
block like bodies.

BONY THORAX
•
It is formed of the
sternum,ribs and
thoracic vertebrae.
•
It protects the organs
of the thoracic cavity.
•
Sternum
•
Manubrium.
•
Body.
•
Xiphoid process.

RIBS
•
They are (12) pairs
which are divided as
follows :
•
True (7) : attach
directly to the
sternum.
•
False (5) : either
attach indirectly to the
sternum or not at all.
•
Floating : last two
pairs.

APPENDICULAR SKELETON
•
It is formed of :
•
Pectoral girdle.
•
Pelvic girdle.
•
Bones of the upper
and lower limbs.

PECTORAL GIRDLE
•
It is formed of :
•
CLAVICLE : it holds
the arm away from
the thorax.
•
SCAPULA (WING).

UPPER LIMB
•
ARM :Humerus.
•
FORE ARM: Radius
& Ulna.
•
Long bones :
•
They are formed of :
•
Epiphysis : on each
end.
•
Diaphysis : a tubular
shaft. It is covered
externally by the
periosteum.

HAND
•
WRIST : Carpal
bones.
•
PALM : Metacarpal
bones.
•
FINGERS :
Phalanges.
•
They are examples of
short bones.

PELVIC GIRDLE
•
Formed of the two
HIP bones.
•
Each hip bone is
formed of three parts :
•
ILium.
•
Ischium.
•
Pubis.
•
The hip bones and
the sacrum form the
bony pelvis.

LOWER LIMB
•
THIGH : Femur.
•
LEG : Tibia & Fibula.

FOOT
•
TARSUS : Tarsal
bones.
•
Metatarsals.
•
Phalanges.

02 - skletal system.ppt

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