07.03.22 Analysing Performance - Denotation and Connotation
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1. The document discusses concepts from semiotics including denotation, connotation, and how signs can have multiple meanings. It focuses on the work of theorists Ferdinand de Saussure, Charles Sanders Peirce, and Roland Barthes. 2. Barthes believed that signs are polysemic (having multiple meanings) and that myth-making involves second-order signification or connotation, which can be ideological. 3. Barthes identified two types of second-order signification - connotational conjunction when signs reinforce each other, and connotational disjunction when signs have opposing meanings.
07.03.22 Analysing Performance - Denotation and Connotation
- 1. Denotation and Connotation by Louise Douse Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 2. So where were we…? Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 3. The Sign Week 6 Analysing Performance Signifier Signified CAT
- 4. Charles Peirce Expanded on the definition of a sign – three different and distinct relationships between the signifier and signified. ICONIC SIGN: Signifier represents or resembles the signified INDEXICAL SIGN: Signifier has a causal relationship to the signified SYMBOLIC SIGN: Signifier has a conventional/arbitrary relationship to the signified Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 5. Cultural Codes the type of relationship between the signifier and signified (that constitute the sign) can change can be multiple Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 6. Roland Barthes Week 6 Analysing Performance Another theorist who developed on both Saussure and Peirce’s ideas Roland Barthes, French theorist (1915-1980) Father of Semiotics
- 7. Terms, terms and more terms… CulturalTheory/Movements Modernism Postmodernism LiteraryTheory Structuralism Post-structuralism Semiotics Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 8. Semiotics In his book Mythologies (1957) Roland Barthes: Applied Structuralist ideas beyond language to other cultural communication forms Provided a political agenda for semiotics Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 9. What’s the big idea? He identified a paradox within Saussure’s formulation of the sign Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 10. Task Week 6 Analysing Performance = red rose-ness … and what other meaning?
- 11. Polysemic sign Poly = many Polysemic = Many signs / many meanings Week 6 Analysing Performance Signifier: Picture of rose Signified: Red rose-ness Signifier: Red- rose-ness Signified: Romance
- 12. Semiotics The process and construction of Myth: First Order Signification: Denotive Second Order Signification: Connotive Second order signification is Myth making Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 13. FIRST ORDER SIGNIFICATION Denotation “red rose-ness” SECOND ORDER SIGNIFICATION Connotation “romance” Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 14. Semiotics For Barthes then: 1. The sign is polysemic 2. Myth, second order signification is political and therefore ideological “I resented seeing Nature and History confused at every turn, and I wanted to track down, in the decorative display of what- goes-without-saying, the ideological abuse which, in my view, is hidden there” Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 15. Another idea… Roland Barthes identified two types of second order signification: Connotational Conjunction: when sign systems work together to generate a mythologically dominant meaning Connotational Disjunction: when sign systems work in opposition to generate a critical meaning Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 16. The Nexus of the Four Strands Performer Movement Sound Space Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 17. Integrated Hammers home the idea https://www.yout ube.com/watch?v =GbpP3Sxp-1U Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 18. Co-existing No intention to connect elements https://www.yout ube.com/watch?v =gGHvnRtr3TI Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 19. Juxtaposed Ideas merge, but some guess work needed https://www.yout ube.com/watch?v =NoWKWeYY8o8 Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 20. Postmodernism INTERTEXTUALITY – the meaning of cultural texts produced by the reader as mosaics or pieces of other pre-existing cultural texts PASTICHE - a light-hearted or tongue-in-cheek imitation of another's style, a composition made up of bits of other works or styles PARODY -work that imitates another work in order to critically comment on the work itself or the subject of the work. IRONY - a gap or incongruity between what a performer or author says/communicates, and what is generally understood JUXTAPOSITION - an act or instance of placing two things close together or side by side. This is often done in order to highlight contrast and incongruity FRAGMENTATION - conscious highlighting of the discontinuous, disparate elements of the structure NON-LINEARITY -events portrayed in a non-chronological manner. Week 6 Analysing Performance
- 21. Week 6 Analysing Performance “Good night, good night! Parting is such sweet sorrow That I shall say good night till it be morrow.” Everything on the stage is a sign 1. Describe the signifiers. What do you perceive (performer, movement sound space) 2. What is the signified concept/ (denotive) meaning? 3. How do the signs produce their meaning?What is the relationship between the signifier and signified? Indexical, iconic, symbolic? “This dream has got me all shook up, treat me nice and tell me what it means”
- 22. Everything on the stage is a sign 4. What are the associated/connotational meanings? 5. Do the signs work in conjunction or disjunction 6. Do the sign systems work in an integrated, co- existing, or juxtaposed way? 7. Does the work challenge or support dominant myths/ cultural codes? Week 6 Analysing Performance “Good night, good night! Parting is such sweet sorrow That I shall say good night till it be morrow.” “This dream has got me all shook up, treat me nice and tell me what it means”