3. INTRODUCTION
ENDOCRINE GLAND : ductless glands which pour secretions directly into the
blood
HORMONES : They are non nutrient chemicals which act as an intercellular
messengers and are produced in trace amount
HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM :endocrine glands and hormone producing
cells present through out the body constitutes endocrine system.
HYPOTHALAMUS :Hypothalamus is located on the basal part of
forebrain. It secretes 2 types of hormones - inhibiting hormones
and releasing hormones through which it regulates secretion of
pituitary.
PITUITARY : The pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity called
sella tursica and is attached to hypothalamus by a stalk .
4. INTRODUCTION
PINEAL GLAND: The dorsal side of the forebrain is where the pineal gland is
located. Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland
THYROID GLAND : The thyroid gland is composed of two lobes which are
located o either side of the trachea . Two hormones are secreted by it
tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine .
PARATHYROID GLAND : The parathyroid gland secretes a peptide
hormone known as parathyroid hormone.
THYMUS : The position of the thymus is in between the lungs behind
the sternum. This gland secretes a hormone known as thymosin.
ADRENAL GLAND : These two glands are situated in the kidney’s front
region . Adrenaline and noradrenaline are two hormones that are
produced by the adrenal medulla.
5. INTRODUCTION
PANCREAS :pancreas is a dual gland since it has both endocrine and exocrine
functions. beta cells release insulin, alpha cells secrete the hormone
glucagon
TESTES :The testes are located in the scrotal sacs, which are sacs that are
external to the abdominal cavity. Testosterone is secreted by Leydig cells and
interstitial cells. This hormone controls the maturity of male accessory sex
organs, beard and moustache growth, and spermatogenesis.
OVARY: The lower pelvic area of the abdominal cavity contains the paired
ovaries. the ovaries produces ova, or eggs, as well as the hormones
progesterone and oestrogen .
Progesterone is responsible for changes during pregnancy hence, called
pregnancy hormones.
Estrogen Helps in –development of accessory sex organs ,development of
mammary glands , menstrual cycle, ovulation .
