Standard Library Functions
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This document provides an introduction and overview of standard library functions in C++. It discusses different header files like stdio.h, string.h, math.h, iostream.h, and ctype.h that contain commonly used functions. Examples of functions from each header file are listed, such as functions for input/output, string manipulation, mathematical operations, and character classification. Specific string and character related functions like isalpha, isdigit, toupper, and tolower are also explained with examples.
![WEL COME
PRAVEEN M JIGAJINNI
PGT (Computer Science)
MCA, MSc[IT], MTech[IT],MPhil (Comp.Sci), PGDCA, ADCA,
Dc. Sc. & Engg.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10standardlibraryfunctions-150410073124-conversion-gate01/85/Standard-Library-Functions-1-320.jpg)
Standard Library Functions
- 1. WEL COME PRAVEEN M JIGAJINNI PGT (Computer Science) MCA, MSc[IT], MTech[IT],MPhil (Comp.Sci), PGDCA, ADCA, Dc. Sc. & Engg.
- 2. Reference Book CLASS XI By Sumita Arora
- 4. INTRODUCTION • In computer science, library is a collection of subprograms used to develop software. • Libraries are not independent programs, rather they are helper code used in other independent programs
- 5. What is Library? A Library is a collection of subprograms used to develop other programs and software. C++ Library functions stores function in same category.(i.e., Mathematical Functions, String Functions etc..) under separate file known as header files
- 6. stdio.h • This header file defines types and macros needed for the standard I/O package.
- 7. stdio.h clearerr fclose fcloseall fdopen feof ferror fflush fgetc fgetchar fgetpos fgets fileno flushall fopen fprintf fputc fputchar fputs fread freopen fscanf fseek fsetpos ftell fwrite getc getchar gets getw perror printf putc putchar puts putw remove rename rewind rmtmp scanf setbuf setvbuf sprintf sscanf strerror _strerror tempnam tmpfile tmpnam ungetc unlink vfprintf vfscanf vprintf vscanf vsprintf vsscanf
- 8. string.h • This header file declares several string manipulation and memory manipulation routines.
- 9. string.h _fmemccpy _fmemchr _fmemcmp _fmemcpy _fmemicmp _fmemset _fstrcat _fstrchr _fstrcmp _fstrcpy _fstrcspn _fstrdup _fstricmp _fstrlen _fstrlwr _fstrncat _fstrncmp _fstrnicmp _fstrncpy _fstrnset _fstrpbrk _fstrrchr _fstrrev _fstrset _fstrspn _fstrstr _fstrtok _fstrupr memccpy memchr memcmp memcpy memicmp memmove memset movedata movmem setmem stpcpy strcat strchr strcmp strcmpi strcpy strcspn strdup _strerror strerror stricmp strlen strlwr strncat strncmp strncmpi strncpy strnicmp strnset strpbrk strrchr strrev strset strspn strstr strtok strxfrm strupr
- 10. math.h abs acos, acosl asin, asinl atan, atanl atan2, atan2l atof, _atold cabs, cabsl ceil, ceill cos, cosl cosh, coshl exp, expl fabs, fabsl floor, floorl fmod, fmodl frexp, frexpl hypot, hypotl labs ldexp, ldexpl log, logl log10, log101 matherr, _matherrl modf, modfl poly, polyl pow, powl pow10, pow10l sin, sinl sinh, sinhl sqrt, sqrtl tan, tanl tanh, tanhl
- 11. stdlib.h • This header file declares several commonly used routines like conversion routines. The function contained in stdlib.h are,
- 12. stdlib.h abort abs atexit atof atoi atol bsearch calloc div ecvt exit _exit fcvt free _fullpath gcvt getenv itoa labs ldiv lfind _lrotl _lrotr lsearch ltoa _makepath malloc max mblen mbtowc mbstowcs min putenv qsort rand random randomize realloc _rotl _rotr _searchenv _splitpath srand strtod strtol _strtold strtoul swab system time ultoa wctomb wcstombs
- 13. iostream.h • The header file declares the basic C++ streams input/output routines. Some of the functions defined in it are,
- 14. iostream.h open close get getline read write put seekg seekp telg telp ignore pick putback flush rdstate bad eof fill good
- 15. STRING AND CHARACTER RELATED FUNCTIONS • The string related functions are defined in the string.h standard library header file and the character related functions are defined in the ctype.h header file.
- 16. int isalnum(int ch) • The isalnum() function returns nonzero if its arguments is a letter or digit. If the character is not an alpha numeric isalnum() returns zero. • For example char ch; cin>>ch; if(isalnum(ch)) cout<<“alpha numeric”;
- 17. int isalpha(int ch) • This function returns non zero if ch is an alphabet, otherwise it returns zero. if(isalpha(ch)) cout<< “it is alphabeatic” ;
- 18. Int isdigit (int ch) • Returns nonzero if ch is a digit (i.e.,0- 9).Otherwise it returns zero. if (isdigit(ch)) cout<< “It is digit”;
- 19. int islower (int ch) • Returns nonzero if ch is a lowercase letter ; otherwise it returns zero. if (islower (ch)) cout<< “Lowercase letter”;
- 20. int isupper (int ch) • This function returns nonzero if ch is uppercase ; otherwise, it returns zero. if (isupper (ch)) cout<< “uppercase character” ;
- 21. int toupper (int ch) • This function returns the uppercase equivalent of ch if ch is a letter ; otherwise, ch is returned unchanged. char ch=‘a’;cout<<toupper (ch); (it will print A).
- 22. int tolower (int ch) • This function returns the lowercase equivalent of ch if ch is a letter; otherwise ch is returned unchanged. char ch =‘a’;cout<<tolower (ch); (It will print a.)