Python basics

Basics
1) To output simple use print :
print(‘Hello World’)
2)When you put the string in triple quotes, it will be displayed
the way you have the string in the text editor
print(“””The output would be in !
MULTIPLE LINES”””)
or you could just use n
3) In Python we use a # to indicate comments :
#This is a comment
print('Hello World’)
4)

Taking Input
firstName = input("What is your first name? ")
lastName = input("What is your last name? " )
print("Hello" + firstName + lastName)

Strings and methods to manipulate them
message = 'Hello world'
print(message.lower())
print(message.upper())
print(message.swapcase())
print(message.find('world'))
print(message.count('o'))
print(message.capitalize())
print(message.replace('Hello','Hi'))

Type Conversion
. Ex:-
salary = input("Please enter your salary: ")
bonus = input("Please enter your bonus: ")
payCheck = salary + bonus
print(payCheck)
. How to:-
int(value) converts to an integer
long(value) converts to a long integer
etc.

Working with dates
• The datetime class allows us to get the current date and time
• Ex:-
import datetime
currentDate = datetime.date.today()
print (currentDate)
print (currentDate.year)
print (currentDate.month)
print (currentDate.day)
print (currentDate.strftime('%d %b,%Y’))
print (currentDate.strftime
('Please attend our event %A, %B %d in the year %Y'))
• %d is the day of the month
• %b is the abbreviation for the month
• %Y is the 4 digit year
• For more you can visit strftime.org
• To add or subtract days or hours or minutes, use timedelta method
print (currentDate + datetime.timedelta(days=-15))

What about times?
• It is called Datetime, so yes, it can store times.
import datetime
currentTime = datetime.datetime.now()
print (currentTime)
print (currentTime.hour)
print (currentTime.minute)
print (currentTime.second)
print (datetime.datetime.strftime(currentTime,’%H:%M'))
%H Hours (24 hr clock)
%I Hours (12 hr clock)
%p AM or PM
%m Minutes
%S Seconds

Making decisions
-if os is not None :
print(“Amazing choice”)
elif not os == "windows" :
print(“Amazing choice again ! ”)
else:
print(“Joke Joke ! ”)
-if saturday or sunday :
print(“Beer")
-if wednesday and yourSession :
print("DAMN")

LOOOOOOPS
-for steps in range(1,4) :
print(steps)
output- 1 2 3
-for steps in range(4) :
print(steps)
output- 0 1 2 3
-for steps in range(1,10,2) :
print(steps)
output- 1 3 5 7 9
-for steps in [1,2,3,4,5] :
print(steps)

Phun with loops and turtle
import turtle
for steps in ['red','blue','green','black'] :
turtle.color(steps)
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.right(90)

List
• Ex [0], [2.3,4.5],[5,”hello”,9.8]
• Use len to get the length of list ex:-
Example:- names=[“amit”,”divyansh”,”kshitij”]
len(names)
output=3

List Methods
laptops = [‘Blade','Alienware','Macbook','MSI']
#add a new value to the end of the list
laptops.append('Microsoft')
#display the last value in the list
print(laptops[-1])
#remove a value from the lust
laptops.remove('Alienware')
#delete the first item in the list
del laptops[0]
#print the first item in the list
print(laptops[0])
#this will return the index in the list
print(laptops.index(‘Macbook'))
#Sort the names in alphabetical order
laptops.sort()
#Others
laptops.upper(), laptops.lower()

Exception Handling
first = input("Enter the first number ")
second = input("Enter the second number ")
firstNumber = float(first)
secondNumber = float(second)
try :
result = firstNumber / secondNumber
print (first + " / " + second + " = " + str(result))
except Exception as e:
print(e)
– https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/exceptions.html#standard-
exceptions

Python basics

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Python basics