12 syllabus statements
- 1. 09/04/2016 12. Respiration Syllabus statements Statements from Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry syllabus 0610 (for exams in 2016 – 2018)Image from http://homeschoolersresources.blogspot.com/2012_02_01_archive.html
- 2. 12.1 Respiration • State the uses of energy in the body of humans: muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, active transport, growth, the passage of nerve impulses and the maintenance of a constant body temperature • State that respiration involves the action of enzymes in cells
- 3. 12.2 Aerobic respiration • Define aerobic respiration as the chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy • State the word equation for aerobic respiration as glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water • State the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration as C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
- 4. 12.2 Aerobic respiration • Investigate the uptake of oxygen by respiring organisms, such as arthropods and germinating seeds • Investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of respiration of germinating seeds
- 5. 12.3 Anaerobic respiration • Define anaerobic respiration as the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen • State that anaerobic respiration releases much less energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration
- 6. 12.3 Anaerobic respiration • State the word equations for anaerobic respiration in the microorganism yeast glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide • State the balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in the microorganism yeast as C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO6
- 7. 12.3 Anaerobic respiration • State the word equations for anaerobic respiration in muscles during vigorous exercise glucose → lactic acid • State that lactic acid builds up in muscles & blood during vigorous exercise causing an oxygen debt
- 8. 12.3 Anaerobic respiration • Outline how the oxygen debt is removed during recovery, limited to: – aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver – continuation, after exercise, of fast heart rate to transport lactic acid in blood from muscles to the liver – continuation, after exercise, of deeper breathing supplying oxygen for aerobic respiration of lactic acid