11 syllabus statements
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The document summarizes key concepts about gas exchange in humans. It lists the major features of the lungs that enable efficient gas exchange, including large surface area, thin membranes, good blood supply, and effective ventilation. It also names and identifies the major structures involved in breathing, such as the lungs, diaphragm, ribs, and airways. Finally, it outlines several experiments that can be done to investigate the differences in gas composition between inhaled and exhaled air and the effects of physical activity on breathing rate and depth.
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11 syllabus statements
- 1. 09/04/2016 11. Gas Exchange in humans Syllabus statements Statements from Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry syllabus 0610 (for exams in 2016 – 2018)
- 2. Gas Exchange in humans • List the features of gas exchange surfaces in humans, limited to large surface area, thin surface, good blood supply and good ventilation with air • Name and identify the lungs, diaphragm, ribs, intercostal muscles, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and associated capillaries, and the internal and external intercostal muscles • State the functions of the cartilage in the trachea
- 3. Gas Exchange in humans • Explain the role of the ribs, the internal & external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm in producing volume and pressure changes in the thorax leading to the ventilation of the lungs • State the differences in composition between inspired and expired air (oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour) • Explain the differences in composition between inspired and expired air • Use limewater as a test for carbon dioxide to investigate the differences in composition between inspired and expired air
- 4. Gas Exchange in humans • Investigate and describe the effects of physical activity on rate and depth of breathing • Explain the link between physical activity and rate and depth of breathing in terms of the increased carbon dioxide concentration in the blood, detected by the brain, causing an increased rate of breathing • Explain the role of goblet cells, mucus and ciliated cells in protecting the gas exchange system from pathogens and particles