13a.Computer Systems Extra Input
- 1. What Is Input? What is input? Any data or instructions you enter into the memory of the computer Users can input data and instructions in a variety of ways p. 5.2 Fig. 5-1 Next
- 2. What Is Input? What are two types of input? Data A collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols Instructions Programs Commands User responses DATA Bradley Kinkade 42 hours $12.50 per hour hard disk INSTRUCTIONS p. 5.3 Fig. 5-2 COMMANDS print the timecard PROGRAMS timecard USER RESPONSES Yes, the timecard entries are correct No, the timecard entries are not correct Next
- 3. What is Input? What is information? p. 5.3 Data Collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols Information Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful Next
- 4. What is Input? What are the three forms of instructions? p. 5.3 Program A series of instructions that tells a computer how to perform the tasks necessary to process data into information User response An instruction you can issue by replying to a question that a computer program displays Command An instruction given to a computer program Users can issue commands by typing or pressing keys on the keyboard, clicking a mouse button, speaking into a microphone, or touching an area of a screen Next
- 5. What is Input? What are two features of most programs today? Menu-driven program Provides menus as a means of entering commands Menus contain a list of options from which you select Graphical user interface (GUI) Uses icons, buttons, and other graphical objects that allow you to select and issue commands p. 5.3 icons icons menu buttons Next
- 6. What are Input Devices? What is an input device? Any hardware component that allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and user responses into a computer p. 5.4 scanners and reading devices voice input keyboard pointing device video input digital camera Next
- 7. The Keyboard What is a keyboard? An input device that contains keys you press to enter data into the computer Typing area Letters of the alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks, and other basic keys Numeric keypad Calculator-style arrangement of keys Function keys Special keys programmed to issue commands to a computer Click to view Web Link then click Keyboards p. 5.4 Fig. 5-3 numeric keypad typing area function keys Next
- 8. The Keyboard What are the features of a typical keyboard? p. 5.4 Fig. 5-3 NUM LOCK key function keys APPLICATION key WINDOWS keys status lights numeric keypad additional keys Internet and multimedia controls arrow keys CD/DVD controls wrist rest typing area Next
- 9. The Keyboard What are some special types of keys? SHIFT, CTRL, ALT and others Used in combination with other keys to issue commands Toggle key Switches between two different states such as the NUM LOCK or CAPS LOCK keys Keys to position the insertion point Insertion point is a symbol that indicates where on the screen the next character you type will display p. 5.4 Fig. 5-5 insertion point pointer Next
- 10. The Keyboard What are alternative forms for commands? Many programs allow you to use a button, a menu, or a function key to obtain the same result Command Button Menu Function Key(s) p. 5.4 Fig. 5-4 Copy Edit|Copy SHIFT+F2 Open File|Open CTRL+F12 Print File|Print CTRL+SHIFT+F12 Next
- 11. The Keyboard What are the different types of keyboards? QWERTY keyboard Standard computer keyboard named for the layout of its typing area Enhanced keyboard 12 function keys along the top, 2 CTRL keys, 2 ALT keys, and a set of arrow and additional keys between the typing area and the numeric keypad Cordless keyboard Battery-powered device that transmits data using wireless technology Notebook and many handheld keyboards Built into the top of the system unit p. 5.5 Fig. 5-6 Next
- 12. The Keyboard What is a portable keyboard? A full-sized keyboard you conveniently can attach and remove from a handheld computer p. 5.6 Fig. 5-7 Next
- 13. The Keyboard What is an ergonomic keyboard? Designed to minimize strain on your hands and wrists Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of items in the workplace p. 5.6 Fig. 5-8 Next
- 14. Pointing Devices What is a pointing device? An input device that allows you to control a pointer on the screen A pointer is a small symbol on the screen The pointer takes several shapes p. 5.7 I-beam pointing hand block arrow Next
- 15. Mouse What is a mouse? A pointing device that fits comfortably under the palm of your hand The most widely used pointing device on desktop computers The mouse controls the movement of the pointer, also called the mouse pointer, on the screen Click to view Web Link then click Mouse Click to view video p. 5.7 Next
- 16. A rubber or metal ball is on its underside When the ball rolls in a certain direction, electronic circuits in the mouse translate the movement of the mouse into signals the computer understands Mouse How does a mechanical mouse work? A mouse pad provides better traction and protects the ball from a build up of dust and dirt p. 5.7 Fig. 5-9 mouse pad ball wheel button mouse buttons Next
- 17. Mouse How does an optical mouse work? Uses devices that emit and sense light to detect the mouse’s movement Some use optical sensors; others use laser More precise than a mechanical mouse and does not require cleaning Slightly more expensive p. 5.7 Fig. 5-10 back button wheel button forward button optical sensor Next
- 18. Mouse How can a mouse connect to your computer? p. 5.8 Cable Attach to a serial port, a mouse port, or USB port on the computer Cordless mouse Also called a wireless mouse Battery-powered device that transmits data using wireless technology, such a s radio waves or infrared light waves Next
- 19. Mouse How do you use a mouse? As you move the mouse, the pointer on the screen also moves p. 5.8 Fig. 5-11 pointer Step 1: Position the mouse in the middle of the mouse pad pointer Step 2: Move the mouse diagonally toward the left until the pointer rests on the Internet Explorer icon Next
- 20. Point Click Right-click Double-click Drag Right-drag Rotate wheel Press wheel button Other Pointing Devices What are some common mouse operations? p. 5.9 Fig. 5-12 Press and release the primary mouse button, which usually is the left mouse button Click Move the mouse across a flat surface until the pointer on the desktop rests on the item of choice Point Roll the wheel forward or backward Rotate wheel Quickly press and release the left mouse button twice without moving the mouse Double-click Point to an item, hold down the right mouse button, move the item to the desired location on the screen , and then release the right mouse button Right-drag Press the wheel button while moving the mouse on the desktop Press wheel button Point to an item, hold down the left mouse button, move the item to the desired location on the screen, and then release the left mouse button Drag Press and release the secondary mouse button, which usually is the right mouse button Right-click Next
- 21. Other Pointing Devices? What is a trackball? A stationary pointing device with a ball on its top To move the pointer, you rotate the ball with your thumb, fingers, or the palm of your hand Click to view Web Link then click Trackballs p. 5.10 Fig. 5-13 trackball Next
- 22. Other Pointing Devices What is a touchpad? Also called a trackpad A small flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion Typically built onto keyboards of laptop or notebook computers Click to view Web Link then click Touchpads p. 5.10 Fig. 5-14 touchpad Next
- 23. Other Pointing Devices What is a pointing stick? A pressure-sensitive pointing device shaped like a pencil eraser that is positioned between keys on the keyboard Click to view Web Link then click Pointing Sticks p. 5.11 Fig. 5-15 pointing stick Next
- 24. Other Pointing Devices What are a joystick and a wheel? Help the user control the actions of players and vehicles in game and simulation software A joystick is a vertical lever mounted on a base You move the lever in different directions to control the actions of a vehicle or player A wheel is a steering-wheel type input device You turn the wheel to drive a car, truck, or other vehicle Most include foot pedals p. 5.11 Fig. 5-16 joystick pedal wheel Next
- 25. Other Pointing Devices What is a light pen? A handheld input device that contains a light source or can detect light Some require a specially designed monitor To select objects on the screen, you press the light pen against the surface of the screen and then press a button on the pen p. 5.12 Fig. 5-17 Next
- 26. Other Pointing Devices What is a touch screen? A touch-sensitive display You interact with the device by touching areas of the screen with your finger Often found in kiosks located in stores, hotels, airports, and museums p. 5.12 Fig. 5-18 Next
- 27. Other Pointing Devices What is a stylus? Used in professional graphical applications A graphics tablet, also called a digitizer or digitizing tablet, is a flat rectangular, electronic plastic board used with a stylus Looks like a ballpoint pen, but uses pressure to write text and draw lines Originally called a pen or electronic pen Click to view Web Link then click Stylus p. 5.13 Fig. 5-19 stylus or pen Next
- 28. Other Pointing Devices What is a cursor? A cursor is a device that looks similar to a mouse, except it has a window with cross hairs The user can see through the window to the tablet p. 5.13 Fig. 5-19 cursor Next
- 29. Other Pointing Devices What is an electronic signature? Also called an e-signature Pen and graphics tablet used with special software for handwriting recognition An electronic signature is just as legal as an ink signature Click to view Web Link then click E-signatures p. 5.13 Fig. 5-20 Next
- 30. Other Pointing Devices What is handwriting recognition software? Some notebooks and many handheld computers have touch screens that allow you to input data using a stylus Software translates handwritten letters and symbols into characters that the computer understands p. 5.14 Fig. 5-21 Next
- 31. Voice Input What is voice input? The process of entering data by speaking into a microphone that is attached to the sound card on the computer Voice recognition, also called speech recognition, is the computer’s capability of distinguishing spoken words Click to view animation p. 5.14 speaker-dependent software The computer makes a profile of your voice You have to train the computer to recognize your voice speaker-independent software Has a built-in set of word patterns You do not have to train a computer to recognize your voice vs. speaker-dependent software speaker-independent software continuous speech Allows you to speak in a flowing conversational tone discrete speech You have to speak slowly and separate each word with a short pause vs. Next
- 32. Voice Input How does voice recognition work? Step 1: User dictates text into microphone. Step 2: An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) translates sound waves into digital measurements the computer can understand. Measurements include pitch, volume, silences, and phenomes. Phenomes are sound units such as aw and guh. Step 3: The software compares the spoken measurements to those in its database to find a match or list of possible matches. Step 4: To narrow a list down, the software presents the user with a list of choices or uses a natural language component to predict the most likely match. The user may correct any wrong selection made by the software. p. 5.15 Fig. 5-22 You’re right! … Your write …You’re right …Your right Natural Language Engine your, you’re right, write Matches Next
- 33. Voice Input What is audio input? The process of entering any sound into the computer such as speech, music, and sound effects Requires a sound card Input sound via a device such as a microphone, tape player, CD player, or radio Windows stores audio files as waveforms Called WAV files with a .wav extension p. 5.16 Next
- 34. Voice Input What is MIDI? An external device such as an electronic piano keyboard used to input music and other sound effects Music is stored in the computer p. 5.16 Fig. 5-23 Next
- 35. A handheld computer typically includes a basic stylus Input Devices for Handheld Computers What is the primary input method for a handheld computer? Click to view Web Link then click Handheld Computer Input Click to view video Stylus used to enter data in two ways On-screen keyboard Handwriting recognition software p. 5.17 Fig. 5-24 Next
- 36. Input Devices for Handheld Computers How is a data entered into a handheld device? p. 5.17 Fig. 5-25 transfer data to desktop computer digital camera stylus voice input portable keyboard stylus handwriting recognition characters stylus on-screen keyboard Next
- 37. Digital Cameras What is a digital camera? Allows you to take pictures and store the photographed images digitally Images are viewable immediately on the camera You can download, or transfer a copy of the pictures from the camera to the computer Images can be edited, printed, or posted on a Web site or photo community p. 5.18 Fig. 5-26 Next
- 38. Digital Cameras How are digital camera images stored? Generally, the more expensive cameras use higher-capacity storage devices, which means they can hold more pictures p. 5.18 PC Card floppy disk Clik! disk compact flash card memory stick mini-CD microdrive SuperDisk Next
- 39. Digital Cameras How does a digital camera work? Step 7: Using software supplied with the camera, the images are viewed on the screen, incorporated into documents, or printed. Step 2: The image is focused on a chip called a charge-coupled device (CCD). Step 3: The CCD generates an analog signal that represents the image. Step 1: Point to the image to photograph. Light passes into the lens of the camera. Step 4: The analog signal is converted to a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Step 5: A digital signal processor (DSP) adjusts the quality of the image and stores the digital image on storage media in the camera. Step 1 Step 6: Images are transferred to a computer by plugging one end of the cable into a camera and the other cable end into a computer; or the images are copied to the hard disk directly from the media. p. 5.19 Fig. 5-27 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 4 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 5 Step 4 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 5 Step 4 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 6 Step 5 Step 4 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 7 Next
- 40. Digital Cameras What are three basic types of digital cameras? Click to view video p. 5.19 Studio camera A stationary camera used for professional studio work Most expensive and highest quality Field camera A portable camera that has many lenses and other attachments Can be quite expensive Point-and-shoot camera Provides acceptable quality photographic images for the home or small business user More affordable and lightweight Next
- 41. Digital Cameras What is resolution? The sharpness and clearness of an image The higher the resolution, the better the image quality, but the more expensive the camera A pixel ( pi cture el ement) is a single point in an electronic image In digital images the pixel is a tiny square The greater the number of pixels, the better the quality of the image p. 5.20 Fig. 5-28 Next
- 42. Digital Cameras What are measurements of resolution? p. 5.20 megapixel 1 million pixels optical resolution The actual photographed resolution dots per inch (dpi) Number of pixels in an inch of screen display bits per dot Number of bits a camera stores in a dot The more bits used to represent a dot, the more colors and shades of gray that can be represented enhanced resolution Also called interpolated resolution Uses a special formula to add pixels between those generated by the optical resolution Next
- 43. Video Input What is video input? The process of entering a full-motion recording into a computer and storing it on a storage medium Also called video capture A video capture card is an expansion card that converts the analog video signal into a digital signal that a computer can understand A digital video (DV) camera is a video camera that records video as digital signals p. 5.21 Fig. 5-29 analog video camera video-in plug digital video camera Next
- 44. Video Input What are some factors related to video input? Video files can require huge amounts of storage space Video compression is used to decrease the size of the files Files can be compressed using software or hardware p. 5.21 video digitizer Used to capture an individual frame from an analog video and then save the picture in a file video decoder A card that decompresses video data Next
- 45. Video Input What is a PC video camera? A DV camera that allows the home user to record, edit, and capture video and still images and to make video telephone calls on the Internet Also called a PC camera p. 5.22 Fig. 5-30 PC video camera Next
- 46. Video Input How can you use a PC video camera? Video telephone call Both parties see each other as they talk To provide security in your home The PC camera can be set to take digital photographs at preset time intervals A digital watermark A small digital image that when held in front of a PC camera, displays an associated Web page on the computer screen p. 5.22 Next
- 47. Video Input What is a Web cam? A video camera whose output displays on a Web page Also called a cam Some display still pictures and update the displayed images at a specified time or time intervals A streaming cam shows moving images by sending a continual stream of pictures p. 5.23 Fig. 5-31 Next
- 48. Video Input What is videoconferencing? A meeting between two or more geographically separated people who use a network on the Internet to transmit audio and video data Requires videoconferencing software, microphone, speakers, and a video camera attached to your computer A whiteboard is another window on the screen that can display notes and drawings simultaneously on all participants’ screens p. 5.24 Fig. 5-32 Next
- 49. Scanners and Reading Devices What is a scanner? A device that captures data directly from source documents A source document is the original form of the data Click to view animation p. 5.24 Next
- 50. Scanners and Reading Devices What is an optical scanner? Usually called a scanner A light-sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form the computer can use A flatbed scanner, a more popular type, works similarly to a copy machine except it creates a file of the document in memory instead of a paper copy p. 5.25 Fig. 5-34 Next
- 51. Scanners and Reading Devices How does a flatbed scanner work? Step 2: A bright light moves underneath the scanned document Step 3: An image of the document is reflected into a series of mirrors Step 4: The light is converted to an analog electrical current that is converted to a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) Step 5: The digital information is sent to memory in the computer to be used by illustration, desktop publishing, or other software; or it is stored on disk Step 6: You can print the image, e-mail it, include it in a document, or place it on a Web page Step 1: The document to be scanned is placed face down on the glass window Step 1 p. 5.25 Fig. 5-33 Step 1 Step 2 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Next
- 52. Scanners and Reading Devices What are various types of scanners? Click to view Web Link then click Scanners Pen or handheld Drum Sheet-fed Flatbed p. 5.26 Fig. 5-34 Next
- 53. Scanners and Reading Devices What is image processing? Also called imaging Consists of capturing, storing, analyzing, displaying, printing, and manipulating images Allows you to convert paper documents into an electronic form An image processing system is similar to an electronic filing cabinet that provides access to exact reproductions of the original document p. 5.26 Next
- 54. Scanners and Reading Devices What is an optical reader? A device that uses a light source to read characters, marks, and codes and then converts them into digital data that a computer can process p. 5.27 Optical character recognition (OCR) Optical mark recognition Bar code scanner Next
- 55. Scanners and Reading Devices What is optical character recognition (OCR)? A technology that involves reading typewritten, computer-printed, or handwritten characters from ordinary documents and translating the images into a form that the computer can understand p. 5.26 OCR device Includes a small optical scanner for reading characters and sophisticated software for analyzing what is read Software Works with an optical scanner to convert a scanned image into a text file that can be edited Next
- 56. Scanners and Reading Devices What is an OCR font? An OCR font, such as OCR-A, is used with OCR devices An OCR device determines the shapes of characters by detecting patterns of light and dark OCR software converts the shapes into characters the computer can understand p. 5.27 Fig. 5-35 Next
- 57. Scanners and Reading Devices What is a turnaround document? Many companies use OCR characters on turnaround documents A turnaround document is one that you return to the company that creates and sends it p. 5.27 Fig. 5-36 Next
- 58. Scanners and Reading Devices What is optical mark recognition (OMR)? Reads hand-drawn marks such as small circles or rectangles A person places these marks on a form, such as a test, survey, or questionnaire answer sheet p. 5.28 Fig. 5-37 Next
- 59. Scanners and Reading Devices What is a bar code scanner? Uses laser beams to read bar codes p. 5.28 Fig. 5-38 Next
- 60. Scanners and Reading Devices What is a bar code? An identification code that consists of a set of vertical lines and spaces of different widths Represents data that identifies the manufacturer and the item The scanner reads a bar code by using light patterns that pass through the bar code lines p. 5.28 Fig. 5-39 Number system character identifies type of product Manufacturer identification number (Kellogg’s, in this case) Check character verifies accuracy of scanned UPC symbol Item number (10 oz. Box of Froot Loops Next
- 61. Scanners and Reading Devices What are some widely used types of bar codes? p. 5.29 Fig. 5-40 Libraries, blood banks, and air parcel carriers Codabar Code 39 Nonretail applications such as manufacturing, inventory, military, and health applications requiring numbers and letters in the bar code EAN – European Article Numbering Similar to UPC, except used in Europe. A variation of EAN is used for ISBN numbers on books Interleaved 2 of 5 Nonretail applications, such as game tickets, requiring only numbers in the bar code POSTNET – Postal Numeric Encoding Technique U.S. Postal Service to represent a postal code or delivery point code Supermarkets, convenience, and specialty stores used to identify manufacturers and products UPC – Universal Product Code Magazines and books to display a Web page Web bar code Next
- 62. Scanners and Reading Devices What is a magnetic ink character recognition reader (MICR)? Can read text printed with magnetized ink The banking industry almost exclusively uses MICR for check processing p. 5.30 Fig. 5-41 check number bank number check amount account number Next
- 63. Scanners and Reading Devices What is wireless input? A handheld computer or device is used to collect data wirelessly at the location where the transaction or event takes place Later the data is transferred to a desktop computer through a docking station p. 5.31 Fig. 5-42 Next
- 64. Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users Why are computers important for those with physical limitations? Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires any company with 15 or more employees make reasonable attempts to accommodate the needs of physically challenged workers Many input devices address the needs of users with physical limitations p. 5.31 Next
- 65. Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users What is a keyguard? A metal or plastic plate placed over the keyboard Allows users to rest their hands on the keyboard without accidentally pressing any keys Also guides a finger or pointing device so a user presses only one key at a time For users with limited hand mobility p. 5.31 Fig. 5-43 Next
- 66. Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users What is an on-screen keyboard? A graphic of a standard keyboard that displays on the user’s screen A pointing device is used to press the keys p. 5.32 Fig. 5-44 Next
- 67. Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users What options are available for users with motor disabilities? A handheld switch can be used as a pointing device A portable computer or pointing device can be mounted to a wheelchair People with limited hand movement can use a head-mounted pointer p. 5.32 Fig. 5-45 Next
- 68. Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users What are new developments in computing that will benefit physically challenged users? Developments now in the prototype stage attempt to provide users with a natural computer interface p. 5.32 Implantation For paralyzed or speech impaired individuals A doctor will implant a computerized device containing a transmitter into the brain As the users thinks, the transmitter will send signals to the computer Gesture recognition Computer will be able to detect human motions Computers with this capabilities have the potential to recognize sign language, read lips, track facial movements, or follow eye gazes Next
- 69. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER What type of input devices do users require? p. 5.33 Fig. 5-46 Large Business Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard Mouse Touch screen Light pen for point-of-sale terminals 42-bit 1,200x1,200 dpi color scanner OCR or OMR or bar code reader or MICR reader Microphone Voice recognition software Video camera for videoconferences Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard Mouse Stylus and cursor for graphics tablet 48-bit 1,200x1,200 dpi color scanner 3-megapixel digital camera Microphone PC video camera Power Home Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard Mouse Joystick or wheel 30-bit 600x1,200 dpi color scanner 1-or 2-megapixel digital camera Microphone Voice recognition software PC video camera Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard Mouse Stylus and portable keyboard for handheld computer 36-bit 600x1,200 dpi color scanner 1-or 2-megapixel digital camera Microphone Voice recognition software PC video camera Small Office/Home Office Wireless mouse for notebook computer Trackball , touchpad, or pointing stick on notebook computer Stylus and portable keyboard for handheld computer 2-or 3-megapixel digital camera Voice recognition software Mobile Small Office/Home Office Mobile Home Power Large Business Next