2010 Highway Capacity Manual

A Look Ahead to the 2010 HCM Mark Vandehey, PE February 4, 2010

Presentation Overview Introduction Summary of significant changes Overall organization Conclusion

NCHRP 3-92 – Production of the 2010 HCM HCM’s 5 th Major Revision (1950, 1965, 1985, 2000) Project began in October 2007 Chapters delivered to TRB between July 2009 and March 2010 Currently 95% Complete Scheduled for publication by TRB by the end of 2010 Key tasks: State of the Art Review and Inventory Focus Groups Supplemental Research for 2010 HCM Prepare Draft Chapters Assist TRB During Publication Process

Outreach to Professionals Focus groups on the HCM2000 early in the project Mix of perspectives (DOT, city/county, consultants, academia) Website for HCQS Committee members and friends Research reports supporting new HCM content Issue papers on HCM organization, objectives, content Review and comment on draft chapters Research team responses to comments Presentations like this one

Summary of Significant Changes Incorporation of New Research Integrated Multimodal Approach Increased Emphasis of Alternative Tools New Chapter on Active Traffic Management

Incorporation of New Research NCHRP 3-60 (Interchange Ramp Terminals) NCHRP 3-64 (HCM Applications Guide) NCHRP 3-65 (Roundabouts in the United States) NCHRP 3-70 (Multi-Modal Arterial LOS) NCHRP 3-75 (Freeway Weaving) NCHRP 3-79 (Arterial Travel Speeds)

Incorporation of New Research (cont’d.) NCHRP 3-82 (Default Values for HCM) NCHRP 3-85 (Guidelines for the Use of Alternative Traffic Analysis Tools) NCHRP 20-7 (Two-Lane Highways) FHWA Research on Active Traffic Management NCHRP 3-92 supplemental research Signalized Intersection Methodology (new delay method and structure changes reflecting actuated control) Gap acceptance for six-lane, two-way stop-controlled Intersections 75 mph speed-flow curve for freeways

Multimodal LOS Measure Issues HCM 2010 will consider a broader range of factors for ped and bike analysis Current HCM method focuses on speed, delay, and space Florida & NCHRP 3-70 research suggest these aren’t the key factors Auto volumes highly important to bike & ped service quality HCM2000: Ped LOS A HCM2000: Ped LOS D

Vision for 2010 HCM - Interrupted Flow Facilities Multimodal Evaluation Emphasize combined evaluation of auto, ped, bike, and transit Pedestrian LOS Automobile LOS Bicycle LOS Transit LOS Interactions FDOT Quality/LOS Handbook 2002

MMLOS Urban Street Applications Segments All four modes Signalized Intersections Auto, ped and bike mode Facility All four modes segment facility

2010 HCM Approach Focus on the traveler perspective Allow trade-offs between modes to be evaluated Presence of one mode affects other modes Mode Affected Impacting Mode Auto Ped Bike Transit Auto Auto & HV volumes Turning patterns Lane configurations Minimum green time Turn conflicts Mid-block crossings Turn conflicts Passing delay Heavy vehicle Blocking delay Signal priority Ped Auto & HV volumes Cycle length Driver yielding Turn conflicts Traffic separation Sidewalk crowding Crosswalk crowding Cross-flows Shared-path conflicts Bicyclist yielding Heavy vehicle Transit stop queues Stop cross-flows Vehicle yielding Bike Auto & HV volumes Auto & HV speed On-street parking Turn conflicts Traffic separation Shared-path conflicts Min. green time Turn conflicts Mid-block xings Bike volumes Heavy vehicle Blocking delay Tracks Transit Auto volumes Signal timing Ped. env. quality Minimum green time Turn conflicts Mid-block crossings Bike env. quality Bike volumes Bus volumes

Service Measures in the 2010 HCM System Element Service Measure Provided Chapter Auto Ped Bike Transit Freeway Facility 10  Basic Freeway Segment 11  Freeway Weaving Segment 12  Fwy. Merge/Diverge Seg. 13  Multilane Highway 14   Two-Lane Highway 15   Urban Street Facility 16     Urban Street Segment 17     Signalized Intersection 18    Two-Way Stop 19   All-Way Stop 20  Roundabout 21  Interchange Ramp Term. 22  Off-Street Ped-Bike Facility 23  

More Emphasis on Alternative Tools Explicit recognition that HCM analytical procedures may not always be the best procedure Range of alternative tools Deterministic tools (e.g., TRANSYT-7F for arterial performance) Stochastic tools (e.g., VISSIM for network performance) Examples of applications

Alternative Tool Example: Backup from Signal Mainline vehicles unable to reach the exit lanes Wasted time on the signal approach

Active Traffic Management (ATM) New ATM Chapter Describes ATM measures Provides known information/methods for evaluating impacts Advises on appropriateness of HCM and simulation methods Identifies strategies for maximizing return on investment Identifies innovative strategies

Lane and Shoulder Treatments FHWA Managed Lanes Primer Google Street View

Congestion Pricing FHWA, MinnDOT Technologies that Complement Congestion Pricing Primer Congestion Pricing Primer

Innovative Interchange Designs

High Capacity Intersection Designs

HCM Evolution HCM scope has grown over time Increasing coverage of various system elements and modes User interest in more-detailed procedures HCM page count has grown correspondingly 1950: 160 pages 1965: 432 pages 1985: 512 pages 2000: 1,224 pages

Overall Organization The 2010 HCM will consist of four volumes Volume 1: Concepts Volume 2: Uninterrupted Flow Volume 3: Interrupted Flow Volume 4: Applications Guide

Overall Organization of HCM 2010 Volume Target Audience Format % Total Printed Pages I: Concepts New analysts and decision makers Bound & PDF 20 II: Uninterrupted Flow Facilities Analysts Loose leaf & PDF 30 III: Interrupted flow Facilities Analysts Loose leaf & PDF 50 IV: Applications Guide and Supplemental Material Analysts, software engineers, and researchers Live/On-line N/A

Volume 1 Concepts Front Matter 1. HCM User’s Guide 2. Applications 3. Modal Characteristics 4. Traffic Flow & Capacity Concepts 5. Traveler Perception Concepts 6. Analysis Tools 7. Interpreting & Presenting Results 8. Executive Summary/Policy Considerations 9. Glossary & Symbols Volume 1 Index

Chapter 8 Executive summary of the HCM for decision-makers Outline: Highway capacity concepts for decision-makers QOS concepts for decision-makers Analysis process Levels of analysis, analysis tool selection, HCM methodologies, interpreting results Decision-making considerations Tools vs. standards, HCM methodology evolution, variations in user satisfaction, role of companion documents Consider more than LOS!

Volume 2 Uninterrupted Flow How to Use Volume 2 10. Freeway Facilities 11. Basic Freeway Segments 12. Freeway Weaving Segments 13. Ramps & Ramp Junctions 14. Multilane Highways 15. Two-Lane Highways Volume 2 Index Photo: Lee Rodegerdts

HCM2010 Updates Chapter 10: Freeway Facilities Incorporates all Freeway Chapter Changes, plus Definition of Average Facility Density LOS Measure and Table Increased Emphasis on Impacts of Weather and Work Zones

Methodology Macroscopic Method by Segment Basic Freeway Segments Weaving Segments On-ramp and Off-Ramp Segments Directional Methodology Extended Time-Space Domain Distinguish Demand and Volume Queue Interaction between segments and time periods Two Flow Regimes Undersaturated ( all d/c<1.0) Oversaturated ( any d/c>1.0) Implemented in FREEVAL2010

Time-Space Domain S1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T1 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S2 S3

Inputs and Outputs Inputs Geometry (from Google or CAD) Jam density Free-flow speed and ramp speeds Truck percentage (can vary) 15-minute demand flows Output Speed, Density, Travel Time, Capacity, Throughput Segment Measures also include LOS Facility Aggregation by Time Interval Detailed output Worksheets... 3-D plots of selected outputs

Facility and Segments Directional Facility Segment Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Segment Type B ONR B OFR B B or W B ONR R OFR B Segment Length (ft.) 5280 1500 2280 1500 5280 2640 5280 1140 360 1140 5280 No. Lanes 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3

Volume 3 Interrupted Flow How to Use Volume 3 16. Urban Street Facilities 17. Urban Street Segments 18. Signalized Intersections 19. Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections 20. All-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections 21. Roundabouts 22. Interchange Ramp Terminals 23. Off-Street Pedestrian & Bicycle Facilities Volume 3 Index Photo: Lee Rodegerdts

Chapter 22 Interchange Ramp Terminals Additional Lost Time Procedure Reduction in effective green period Two causes for reduction Queue spillback Demand starvation Lost Time Due to Queue Spillback Northbound incurs additional lost time

Volume 4 Electronic-only 12 chapters New Chapter on Active Traffic Management Supplemental chapters Target audience: Users who seek a greater depth of understanding Users who plan to develop HCM implementation software Sensitivity analyses, statistics on methodological uncertainty, data collection forms, some worksheets Example problems and computational results Updated HCM Applications Guide Technical Reference Library Interpretations & clarifications

Style Similar to HCM2000, Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, and the Highway Safety Manual Better use of margin space More efficient graphics layout Facilitates hyperlinking in the electronic version

Conclusion The 2010 HCM will incorporate the results of more than $5 million in funded research since the HCM2000 It incorporates a number of changes desired by the user community It continues the HCM’s (and the user community’s) evolution toward a more multimodal approach to addressing transportation issues It is designed to continue to be relevant to users in an age of increasing reliance on software tools

Thank you! Mark Vandehey [email_address]

2010 Highway Capacity Manual

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