2012 Lecture on Community Led Sanitation
- 1. Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) and Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) Empowerment through Participation DPU Lecture – 27th Nov, 2012 Mansoor Ali 20 December 2012
- 2. Pre-lecture discussion; Asking a question vs order an action Conventional approach Outcome of conventional approach Who defines the problem & its causes
- 3. Why 2.5 billion people do not have access to improved sanitation? Both OPP and CLTS defined the problem in a certain way; Lack of participation; lack of ownership; capabilities of the poor; affordability to pay; ability to operate and maintain
- 4. CLTS and OPP Framing of the problem Building on or creating demand Expensive conventional technologies Support and organisation is important Waiting for government and donors Do not understand health impact
- 5. CLTS – Key Features Key - triggering through shame – talk shit Focus on natural local leaders No upfront subsidy for material etc. Villagers take the collective responsibility Entire village becomes “Open Defecation Free (ODF)” People decide technologies and standards Possible reward after ODF declaration Village to village replication
- 7. How CLTS is different from conventional approaches? Conventional Approach; CLTS Approach •Starts with data, planning and •Starts with the addressing the design change in attitude with triggering • Technical designs and costing set • Community takes the the pathway for the action responsibility and design • Government role and regulation themselves are important • Community processes are more • Operation and maintenance is important planned • Community will do this • Up-front subsidies are part of themselves investment • Subsidies are discouraged • Large investments needed • Small investments needed
- 8. OPP – Key Features Motivational meeting in the community Lane organisation and lane manager Technical support; plan, designs, cost estimate, supervision, tools and shuttering No subsidy and no reward Lane group collect and manage money Lobby for government support Health, education and loans available A demonstration area/ physical model
- 10. 20 December 2012
- 11. Technology Differences OPP low cost lane sewers with a septic tank CLTS – mainly on-site with community deciding the standards
- 12. People behind CLTS and OPP Kamal Kar Robert Chamber Lyla Mehta Akhtar Hameed Khan Arif Hasan Perveen Rahman
- 13. Sources of Further Information IDS, University of Sussex Orangi Pilot Project Akhtar Hameed Khan Trust Water and Sanitation Programme (WSP UNICEF Book; Shit Mattter Books; Various by Arif Hasan
- 14. Choose your debate Debate 1; CLTS allows people to choose technologies and standards, although this empowers them, but end-up with very poor quality toilets – so no long term health impact? Agree, disagree, continue or change
- 15. Choose your debate Debate 2; OPP only transfers wastewater (the problem) from lanes to large drains elsewhere, although this systems empowers people but creates problems for others? Agree, disagree, continue or change
- 16. Political Context or Structural Causes of Not Empowering Citizens to Improve their Sanitation
- 17. Habits and taboos Land and its ownership Investments Corruption Technology divide Emptying of pits Treatment plants
- 18. The Politics of Sewerage and On-Site Sanitation in Cities The Politics of Investments The Nature of Institutions
- 19. Sustaining Empowerment without Institutional/ Political Change Power and Authority Reasons for their Formation Expectations from them Out-dated Institutional Models