4. Anatomical terms.ppt
- 1. HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I ANATOMICAL TERMS Presented By: Lovekesh Singh Assistant Professor ISF College Of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab
- 2. CONTENTS • Objectives • Introduction and definitions • Medical Imaging
- 3. OBJECTIVES • Medical imaging refers to techniques and procedures used to create images of the human body. Various types of medical imaging allow visualization of structures inside our bodies and are increasingly helpful for precise diagnosis of a wide range of anatomical and physiological disorders medical imaging techniques.
- 4. DEFINITIONS
- 7. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION • Particles → atom → molecule → macromolecule → organelle → cell → tissue→ organ → organ system → organism.
- 9. BODY SECTIONS Sagittal plane – divides the body into left and right sections. • Midsagittal (median) plane – divides the body into equal halves at midline. • Frontal (coronal) plane – divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. • Transverse (horizontal) plane – divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
- 11. COMMON TERMS • abdominal = region between thorax and pelvis. • antebrachial = the forearm. • antecubital = the front of elbow. • axillary = the armpit. • brachial = the upper arm. • celiac = the abdomen. • cephalic = the head. • cervical = the neck.
- 12. • costal = the ribs. • cubital = the elbow. • femoral = the thigh. • gluteal = the buttock. • lumbar = the lower back.
- 13. REFERENCES • Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. • Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill Livingstone, New York. . Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams and Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI USA. • Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A. • Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A. Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje, Academic Publishers Kolkata.
- 14. THANKS
Editor's Notes
- #4: Firstly, we are going to start by looking at the definition of validation and the different types that are used. Secondly, we will discuss documents associated with validation, and review the key stages of the validation process. Thirdly, we shall look at a model approach for process validation in the context of the WHO documentation. Finally, we are going to look at where validation has got to in your country and talk about the barriers that need to be overcome. This module will deal with the very fundamentals of validation but it will only provide an overview. It will not be an in-depth review of the subject. The subject is very important and requires a lot of careful thought. It will be a major topic of discussion with companies that you inspect and also within the inspectorate. It is important to remember that validation does not improve bad processes.