4 media ownership and its impact in output
- 1. Media ownership and its impact in output
- 2. Ownership • • • • • • • • • COMMERCIAL Advertising Sponsorship Shareholders Promotion of ideals of owners, rather than balanced, un biased viewpoints About making money/having large audiences Cheap programming (such as reality) usually makes largest profit. Phone in charges Subscription charges • • • • • • • PUBLIC SERVICE License fee Meet certain criteria to continue funding SHOULD be neutral/unbiased About providing a service for all. Drama shows often cost most to produce. Phone in costs
- 3. Public Service Broadcasting Public service broadcasters generally transmit programming that aims to improve society by informing viewers Public service broadcasters also strive to entertain their viewers
- 4. Funding 75% of the BBC’s funding comes from the licence fee (currently set at £145.50) The remaining income comes from commercial activities such as: Worldwide sales of its programmes Publications such as Radio Times, Top Gear, Good Food, etc
- 5. Commercial Television The aim of commercial stations (ITV, 5 and SKY) is to provide popular shows that attract an audience -therefore leading to higher prices when advertising is sold For this reason, the ideals of public broadcasting are often incompatible with commercial goals Funded by advertising – all commercial terrestrial channels (ITV1,2,3,4, channel 5 etc) Satellite stations funded through advertising AND subscriptions (think number of adverts on Sky One)
- 6. Channel 4 Channel 4 was set up after a 1977 government report argued that television was not meeting the needs of a diverse society Channel 4 thus has a legal duty to: Inform, educate and entertain Appeal to tastes not catered for by ITV Encourage diversity and originality Be distinctive Channel 4 is thus both commercial and PSB It is funded through: Advertising Some Government funding (a small part of the licence fee)
- 7. Funding issues • • • • • Why should consumers pay when they can get quality programming elsewhere? The BBC has launched digital stations such as BBC News 24, BBC3 and BBC4 but these are not universally available Restricts competition which could bring increased choice and quality. Judge by quality NOT ratings. Guard against ‘narrowcasting’ • • • • Commercial advertising rates fell 15-20% in 2002. There are more commercial channels competing for advertisers The Internet has increased competition Television advertising is now seen as less effective than other forms of advertising
- 8. The cost of TV
- 9. Some key media institutions in the world. • • • • • • • • • • • The BBC Walt Disney Corporation Sky Endemol Channel 4 Sony Corporation Bertelsmann NewsCorp Virgin Vivendi IPC media
- 10. TASK • Choose one of the major institutions from the previous slide (except for the BBC). • You have the rest of this lesson to research that company. You need to find out: – – – – – – – – What they do What companies they own/are part of their portfolio Financial statistics (earnings/profits etc) How they cross platforms Some of their products/programmes. How they are funded (commercial/public) Who owns them Their political stance/intentions etc.