A New Style Of Creativity
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This document discusses the shift from a "Web of Documents" to a "Web of Creativity" enabled by social media. It provides examples of massively collaborative creation on sites like Wikipedia and NicoNicoDouga. A case study analyzes the social network of creators who make content related to Hatsune Miku on NicoNicoDouga. The analysis finds different types of creators who interact in a large, decentralized network to spur new creative works. The conclusion is that this model of massively collaborative creation represents a new style that fully leverages the "Community Web" of information and communication activities.
![Massively Collaborative CreationCreative activity through social mediaExamplesBBS Q&A Sites (Yahoo! Answers[usa], Yahoo!Chiebukuro[jp], Naver Knowledge iN [kr] …)WikipediaNicoNicoDouga (Video sharing site) cf. YoutubeFeaturesMassive participationGenerating new contentsInteraction affects generation of new contents](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/a-new-style-of-creativity-100121221351-phpapp02/85/A-New-Style-Of-Creativity-10-320.jpg)
A New Style Of Creativity
- 1. A New Style of CreativityFrom Web of Documents to Web of CreativityHideaki Takedatakeda@nii.ac.jpNational Institute of Informatics1stAsia-Pacific Culture Portals Summit, January 21-22, Taipei, TaiwanJoint work with Masahiro Hamasaki (AIST)
- 2. OutlineCommunity WebThe model for Community WebSocial mediaMassively collaborative creationSocial analysis of massively collaborative creation on a video sharing siteConclusion
- 4. Information CirculationCollectDonateCreateCollecting informationPast: Libraries (limited just for books)Now: GoogleCreating new informationPast: creating from the scratchNow: creating with knowing other existing informationDonating (publishing) informationPast: Books, Journals, Mass Media (difficult part for ordinary people)Now: WWW
- 5. CreateInternet as Information ActivitiesCreateCreateCreateCollectDonateDonateCollectCollectCollectDonateDonateInternet
- 6. Information layerconcerns how information is explicitly represented and processed.
- 7. Communication layer concerns how relationship among people are organized and maintained, which is potential route for information. Communication LayerCollaborateRelatePresentInformation and Communication ActivitiesInformation LayerCreateCollectDonateTwo layers for our activities
- 8. Community WebRelatePresentCollaborateCollectDonateSocial MediaExplicit support for both layersSeamless support over two layersCompound support over two layers: social media and its extensionInformation LayerCreateCommunication Layer
- 9. Social MediaMedia consists of interaction among massive participants that are widely distributed in the society.Via Social NetworkVia CommunitiesExamplesMass Media (TV, News Papers) …NoWeb … No in general BBS … YesBlogs … YesSNS … YesSocial tagging (Social bookmarking, Social news)… YesVideo Sharing … Yes
- 10. Massively Collaborative CreationCreative activity through social mediaExamplesBBS Q&A Sites (Yahoo! Answers[usa], Yahoo!Chiebukuro[jp], Naver Knowledge iN [kr] …)WikipediaNicoNicoDouga (Video sharing site) cf. YoutubeFeaturesMassive participationGenerating new contentsInteraction affects generation of new contents
- 11. Massively Collaborative Creation (cont.)Different ways of affections by interaction to content creationContents = InteractionInteraction logs are used as contentsEx.) BBS, Q&A, etcInteraction influences content generation Content =/= InteractionContents are generated under the influence of interactionEx.) Flickr (images vs. tags), Youtube (movies vs. comments),Interaction is embedded into content generationContents are created collaboratively Ex.) Wikipedia, NicoNicoDouga
- 12. What is “NicoNicoDouga” ?NicoNicoDougais the one of the most popular video sharing website in JapanThe most interesting function is the direct overlaying of comments on videosVideoOverlaid comments Timeline view of user comments
- 13. Three types of interaction on NicoNicoDougaEmbedded interaction on the systemAudience and AudienceSharing comments to same videoFeeling pseudo synchronizationUsers feel they watch a video together!Emergent InteractionAudience and CreatorsGood feedback for creatorsCreators can get pin-point comments from usersCreators and CreatorsAudience become a creator
- 14. HatsuneMikuHatsuneMiku is a version of singing synthesizer application software (“vocaloid”)A user can make a singing song by giving a music note with lylic (piano roll)It has inspired many people to produce various music, picture, and video compositions
- 15. Example!!Title: Shooting star –short ver.- like an ending movieCreator: ussyURL: http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm2030388
- 16. Re-using network on NicoNicoDouga & HatsuneMikuPictureMany pictures by many authorsSongShooting starCreator: minatoSong and Movie3D modelShooting star –short ver.-like an ending movieCreator: ussyShooting star–complete ver.-Creator: FEDis3D modelMovie3D Miku sings ‘01_ballede’Creator: kiokioSongmelody…Creator: mikuru396melody… 3D PV ver1.50 Creator: ussy
- 17. A partof network of re-using relationship among creators using HatuneMiku on NicoNicoDougaOur interests What types of social network do creators have?
- 18. How different types of creators interact to create new content through their social network?Our approachWe adopted a method of social network analysisFindingsThe creator’s network consists of a large and sparse componentDifferent categories of creators have different roles in evolving the networkCreators’ behavior is similar to audiences’ oneIt likes Web2.0 style (A consumer is a creator!)Some of communities in the network are centralized, and have specific tagsThe characteristic (“a few popular creator and others”) becomes stronger with time
- 19. Social Data of HatsuneMiku on NicoNicoDouga36,709 videos with tag ’HatsuneMiku’ (31 May 2008) 7,138 videos viewed more than 3,000 times2,911 unique contributorsfor 7,128 videosVideo Network4,585 nodes (videos)12,507 links (hyperlinks among videos)Creators network2,164 nodes (creators) 4,368 links (relationships among creators)
- 20. Videos’ network nodes: 4,585 edges: 12,507
- 21. Creators’ network nodes: 2,164 edges: 4,368Red: SongwritingBlue: Song creationGreen: Illustration
- 22. Category of Creation ActivityWe classified creative activities related to HatsuneMiku into four categories: SongwritingCreate an original song (lyrics and melody)Song creationTune the software to create singing songsIllustrationDrawpictures, textures, and create 3D modelsProduce many different scenes and facial expressionsEditingChoice videos and package them to one videoWe classify creators semi-automatically using tags on videos
- 23. Characteristics of the Creators NetworkThe network is large and sparseThe diameter of this network is 21Scale free networkA few nodes (creators) gather many links (citation)Network centrality correlated to the number of play timesMany cited videos are popular for usersCreators’ behavior is similar to audiences’ one
- 24. Community on Creators NetworkWe analyze the creators’ communityThe term ”creators’ community” means a tight group of nodes within social network of creatorsWe adopt Newman clustering to detect such communities from the social network of creatorsNewman clustering generated 83 clusters (communities) from the social network of creatorsWe especially investigated 7 clusters of which the size is greater than 50
- 26. Structure of the biggest clustersCentralizaiton: an index of the centrality of a networkX^2: a degree of bias of tags in the clustersKey person: a node that has the most linksThe number of links of the node should be more than 10 percent of the clusterW: SongWriting, C: Song Creation, I: Illustration
- 27. Structure of the biggest clustersSongwriting is often a key person, meaning that Songwriting triggers creative activityCentered clusters often have a high degree of bias of tagsCentralized community often have community specific tags W: SongWriting, C: Song Creation, I: Illustration
- 30. Cluster 3The key person of this cluster introduced a character called ``HachuneMiku'' (an infantilized version of the HatsuneMiku mascot) with leakTypeCenteredKey personIllustration &Song creationMajorityIllustration ,Song creation
- 31. Cluster 4Type
- 32. Messy
- 33. Key person
- 34. None
- 35. Majority
- 36. IllustrationCluster 5TypeCenteredKey personIllustrationMajorityIllustrationThe key person of this cluster developed the tool to program complex motions to 3D model
- 37. Cluster 6TypeCenteredKey personSongwriting & IllustrationMajoritySong creation
- 39. Possibility of “Web of Creativity”Population of “Creative People”Population of Social media People
- 40. Comic Market (Komike) 520,000 attendants during 3 days, December 2008560,000 attendants during 3 days, December 2009http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Comicmarket62_00.JPG
- 41. How many people can manga?Total Male (20s) Male(30s) Male(40s) Female(20s) Female(30s) Female(40s)Just imitating workDrawing manga regularlyDrew it in past小山友介, 「作品『で』楽しむ」コンテンツ創作の脳の厚み, KDDI総研 R&A (2000), http://www.kddi-ri.jp/pdf/KDDI-RA-200904-02-PRT.pdf
- 42. How many people can write novels? Total Male (20s) Male(30s) Male(40s) Female(20s) Female(30s) Female(40s)Wrote novels in past but not nowWriting novels regularly小山友介, 「作品『で』楽しむ」コンテンツ創作の脳の厚み, KDDI総研 R&A (2000), http://www.kddi-ri.jp/pdf/KDDI-RA-200904-02-PRT.pdf
- 43. How many people can create movies?Total Male (20s) Male(30s) Male(40s) Female(20s) Female(30s) Female(40s)Creating movies regularlyCreated them in past but not now小山友介, 「作品『で』楽しむ」コンテンツ創作の脳の厚み, KDDI総研 R&A (2000), http://www.kddi-ri.jp/pdf/KDDI-RA-200904-02-PRT.pdf
- 44. Social Media in JapanBlog: 17M Users (3M active)/July,2008Many bloggers, Wide rage HostingVery Large BSS : 2-channelMany topics, Many users12M unique users / Nov., 2008SNSMixi(17 M Users /June, 2009)WikipediaOne of Top five languages in WikipediaVideo sharing YoutubeNicoNicoDouga: 15M users / Dec 14, 2009Picture sharingPixiv: 1.5M users/Dec 26, 2009Mircoblog (twitter)Now Emerging(Population of Japan: 120 M)(Twitter: 45M users worldwide/ June, 2009)
- 45. ConclusionOur use of Web is shiftingWeb of Documents: Linking documents is New! Cool!Web of People: Linking people is New! Cool!Web of Creativity: Linking creative activity is New! Cool!The model“Community Web” model3 Information activities and 3 Communication activitiesCreative activity is a composite of the above 6 activitiesMassively Collaborative CreationA new style of creationA natural extension of our use of webA full use of “community web” activities