A Review on Spring Stiffness Testing Machine
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This document describes a spring stiffness testing machine. It begins by providing background on springs and their importance in vehicle suspensions. It then describes the design and operation of the spring stiffness testing machine. The machine applies a load to a spring using a hydraulic cylinder and measures the corresponding deflection. This allows the machine to calculate the spring's stiffness by determining the slope of the load-deflection curve. The machine provides an affordable way for automotive and other industries to easily test spring stiffness.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1014
1. Large cylinder
It is used to apply the load on spring. Load is applied by
hydraulically operated piston and cylinder.
2. Small cylinder with load gauge
Load applied by large cylinder is act on small cylinder
through spring which is to be tested. Load gauge is fixed on
this small cylinder which shows load or pressure applied on
spring.
3. Scale
Scale is used to measure deflection of spring.
4. Frame
Frame is used for providing base to all components.
3.1 Working of Spring Stiffness Testing Machine
The force is applied from large cylinder to small
cylinder by application of lever. The force appliedfromlarge
cylinder by lever is multiplied tomanytimes.Thismultiplied
force acts on piston. Due to this force piston rod moves
outward and presses the spring which is to be tested. From
the spring force is transmitted to small cylinder. Since the
load gauge is connected to small cylinder. Therefore load
gauge measure the pressure acting on it with the help of
bourdon tube. After this measure the deflection of spring
with the help of scale. As we have reading of load applied on
spring and deflection of spring we can easily calculate the
stiffness.
4. ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND
APPLICATION
4.1 Advantages
Different diameter spring can be easily checked.
Machine is non-destructive type that is spring does not
damage during test.
Skilled operator is not required for operating this
machine.
For testing the spring one man is enough.
The testing is done in less time, so production rate is
high.
The system is portable, noiseless and self lubricating.
4.2 Disadvantages
Below 40mm and above 70mm spring wire diameter
cannot be checked.
As hydraulic cylindersareused,leakageproblemsoccur.
4.3 Application
The spring stiffness testing machine is used for
measuring stiffness of helical and spiral spring in
between 40mm to 70mm wire diameter.
Spring testing machine used in spring manufacturing
industries in quality control department.
It is used in educational institute to compare the
theoretical design and practical spring stiffness.
Spring testing machine is used in garages also for
checking suspension of various automobile.
5. CONCLUSION
For a spring the most important characteristic is
stiffness under load. In spring testing machine we can find
stiffness of spring having diameter ranges from 40mm to
70mm. The result obtained from this machine is verified
with standard value. This machine is able to making testing
of spring stiffness easier and affordable by automobile
industries.
REFERENCES
[1] Waldemar Razcka, “Testingofa springwithControllable
Stiffness”, MECHANICS, AGH University of Science and
Technology, 2006; 25(2).
[2] Dragan Sekulic, Vlastimir Dedovic, “The Effect of
Stiffness and Damping of the Suspension System
Elements on the Optimization of the Vibrational
Behavior of a Bus”, International Journal of Traffic and
Transport Engineering, 2011; 1(4) pp 231-244.
[3] Avdhut R. Jadhav, Gajendra J. Pol and Amit A. Desai,
“Design and manufacturing of a Hydraulic Spring
Stiffness Testing Machine”, International Journal of
Emerging Engineering Research and Technology, 2014;
2(7) pp 184-190.
[4] A.O. Jimoh, Properties of Engineering Materials (Kwara
State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria.1992).
[5] M. Mike, Measurement of the springconstantofa Helical
Compression Spring (University of California,
Davis.2004).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v4i1177-171106082639/85/A-Review-on-Spring-Stiffness-Testing-Machine-2-320.jpg)
A Review on Spring Stiffness Testing Machine
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1013 A Review on Spring Stiffness Testing Machine Pathan Mosin Aouraze1, Patel Soyal Dastagir2, Pawar Santosh Balu3, Labade Suyog Bajirao4 1Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India 2Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India 3Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India 4Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract- Spring are vital to vehicle because they support the weight of your car and allow it to remain stable even in rough driving condition. They have the ability to expandwhen you hit dips on the road and compress when you encounter bumps or cut into hard corners .A spring can also keep your trunk off of the ground and determine ride height, which in turn influences steering and suspension. If ride height of vehicle has decreased excessively or spring coil hasbrokenit is necessary to replace the spring. Forfindingperformanceofthe spring it is necessary to know stiffness of the spring. In this paper we see how the stiffness is measure. For this we use spring stiffness testing machine. In this machine we compress the spring and measure the corresponding loadand deflection of spring. With the help of load and deflection reading we can easily calculate the stiffness of spring. Key Words: Spring, Ride height, Spring coil, Stiffness,Spring testing machine, Load, Deflection. 1. INTRODUCTION A spring is an elastic body used to store mechanical energy. When a spring is compressed or stretched from its mean position, it exerts an opposing force approximately proportional to its change in length. Spring is used in hydraulic valves, ball point pens, in a round hole or anywhere a pushing or compressing force needs to be applied. It is also used in brakes, clutches, spring balance, shock absorber, toys and watches etc. The most common application of springisinvehicle suspension. Main reason for replacement of spring is physical damage. Spring stiffness must be checked before replacement. This spring test machine will give the force applied on spring. With the help of force and deflection produced, we can calculate stiffness of spring.By varyingthe force, we can obtain corresponding deflections. If load plotted along the Y-axis and deformationplottedalongtheX- axis, the spring stiffness is determined as the slope of the straight line. The unit of stiffness of extension or compression spring is 𝑁/𝑚.WhereasTorsionspringsunitis 𝑁 · 𝑚⁄𝑟𝑎𝑑 .The inverse of stiffness is compliance that is: if a spring has a stiffness of 10 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚, it has compliance of 0.1 𝑚𝑚⁄𝑁.The stiffness of springs inparallel isadditive,asisthe compliance of springs in series. Springs are specifically designed to be resilient, even when going through vigorous deflections. A key component to this resiliency is in the spring material. The choice ofmaterial isbasedonnumerous factors ranging from fatigue strength, cost and availability, corrosion resistance, magnetic permeability and even electrical conductivity. 2. PROBLEM DEFINITION Springs are used in machines for different purpose. Automatic lever return after removing the load, automatic hydraulic cylinder return, spring are used in die cushioning, In pressure relief valve, in shock absorbers, in between railway wagons, Automobile Industry various shapes and sizes of springs are used. In Industries they purchase the springs for their machines. But they are facing the problem of checking the spring stiffness. Understanding the Industry people problems this simple machine is designed. Machine operation is simple. Onlyknowingthetworeadings,loadand deflection we can calculate spring stiffness. 3. SPRING STIFFNESS TESTING MACHINE Fig-1: Conceptual view of spring stiffness testing machine Fig- 1 shows the conceptual view of spring stiffness testing machine, following are the main element of this machine:
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1014 1. Large cylinder It is used to apply the load on spring. Load is applied by hydraulically operated piston and cylinder. 2. Small cylinder with load gauge Load applied by large cylinder is act on small cylinder through spring which is to be tested. Load gauge is fixed on this small cylinder which shows load or pressure applied on spring. 3. Scale Scale is used to measure deflection of spring. 4. Frame Frame is used for providing base to all components. 3.1 Working of Spring Stiffness Testing Machine The force is applied from large cylinder to small cylinder by application of lever. The force appliedfromlarge cylinder by lever is multiplied tomanytimes.Thismultiplied force acts on piston. Due to this force piston rod moves outward and presses the spring which is to be tested. From the spring force is transmitted to small cylinder. Since the load gauge is connected to small cylinder. Therefore load gauge measure the pressure acting on it with the help of bourdon tube. After this measure the deflection of spring with the help of scale. As we have reading of load applied on spring and deflection of spring we can easily calculate the stiffness. 4. ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATION 4.1 Advantages Different diameter spring can be easily checked. Machine is non-destructive type that is spring does not damage during test. Skilled operator is not required for operating this machine. For testing the spring one man is enough. The testing is done in less time, so production rate is high. The system is portable, noiseless and self lubricating. 4.2 Disadvantages Below 40mm and above 70mm spring wire diameter cannot be checked. As hydraulic cylindersareused,leakageproblemsoccur. 4.3 Application The spring stiffness testing machine is used for measuring stiffness of helical and spiral spring in between 40mm to 70mm wire diameter. Spring testing machine used in spring manufacturing industries in quality control department. It is used in educational institute to compare the theoretical design and practical spring stiffness. Spring testing machine is used in garages also for checking suspension of various automobile. 5. CONCLUSION For a spring the most important characteristic is stiffness under load. In spring testing machine we can find stiffness of spring having diameter ranges from 40mm to 70mm. The result obtained from this machine is verified with standard value. This machine is able to making testing of spring stiffness easier and affordable by automobile industries. REFERENCES [1] Waldemar Razcka, “Testingofa springwithControllable Stiffness”, MECHANICS, AGH University of Science and Technology, 2006; 25(2). [2] Dragan Sekulic, Vlastimir Dedovic, “The Effect of Stiffness and Damping of the Suspension System Elements on the Optimization of the Vibrational Behavior of a Bus”, International Journal of Traffic and Transport Engineering, 2011; 1(4) pp 231-244. [3] Avdhut R. Jadhav, Gajendra J. Pol and Amit A. Desai, “Design and manufacturing of a Hydraulic Spring Stiffness Testing Machine”, International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology, 2014; 2(7) pp 184-190. [4] A.O. Jimoh, Properties of Engineering Materials (Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria.1992). [5] M. Mike, Measurement of the springconstantofa Helical Compression Spring (University of California, Davis.2004).