![International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 269 – 272
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
269
IJRITCC | July 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A Survey on Wireless Sensor Network For Agriculture
Mr. Shankar Pujari
Department of Computer Engineering
KJ College of Engineering and Management Research
Pune, India
shankarpujari77@gmail.com
Mr. Nagaraju Bogiri
Department of Computer Engineering
KJ College of Engineering and Management Research
Pune, India
mail2nagaraju@gmail.com
Abstract— Wireless sensor Network is widely used in agriculture field. It provides a new direction of research in agricultural domain. WSN
gives various benefits such as crop monitoring, crop management and water management. The aim of this paper to review the need of WSN in
agriculture field such as real time data capturing from field, devices used etc. Farming is one of the major domain where WSN is used. It is very
difficult to do the field management manually. With the help of WSN farmer can capture real time data from field and it will be beneficial for
crop management.
Keywords-Wireless Sensor Network, Precision Agriculture, Sustainable Agriculture
__________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
India is an agriculture country and agriculture plays important
role in country’s economical growth. So, productive and
sustainable growth is important in agricultural field. In our
country, crop production management is usually done by some
expert or farmer. But is difficult to manage crop production by
open eye observation.
Traditional method for crop production requires an
implementation of various series of tasks, such as planting,
fertilizing, harvesting, with a predetermined schedule.
However, agricultural and environmental data can be collected
to use for more intelligent decisions such as weather, soil and
air quality, monitoring of crop growth and even equipment and
labor costs etc. This is known as precision agriculture [7] [8]
[10] [11].
Need of WSN in Agriculture
Sensors are used for collecting live data from field and process
it. Agriculture domain poses several requirements that are
following:
I) Collection of real time data from field such as soil moisture,
temperature, humidity and rainfall etc.
II) Processing on captured data.
III) Send alert message to user/ farmer.
IV) Monitoring of distributed land.
V) Management of water requirement to crop.
In India, there is water scarcity problem as there are variation
in rainy season and rainy season is not constant throughout
year in India. Due to this, water management in farming is
very important. Wireless sensor network plays important role
in water management. Wireless sensor networks as tool
provides crop productivity, quality, resource utilization, crop
management. The main purpose of WSN to increase crop
productivity that will lead to improve farmers economical
condition. WSN provides way to capture live data with
numerous devices and provide solutions to agricultural issues.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Divya P [3] proposed a context aware wireless sensor system
for water management in farm. This system is developed to
solve water scarcity problem in agriculture field. The system
will monitor various parameters such as envirmental
parameters, soil parameters, hydrological parameters. These
parameters used for automatic control of water management.
The results of conducted experiment shows that system reduce
waste of water.
B. Balaji Bhanu [4] proposed system to increase productivity
and quality of farming using wireless sensor networks. The
system monitors humidity, temperature and carbon dioxide
levels in farm and farmer can get these parameter
measurement from web. Then system send alert messages to
farmer periodically.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/53150044361419-07-2017-171228160821/85/A-Survey-on-Wireless-Sensor-Network-For-Agriculture-1-320.jpg)
![International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 269 – 272
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
271
IJRITCC | July 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The figure 1 shows the current agriculture practices followed
and which need to be improved to overcome present
challenges in agriculture. This will be improved by using
WSN system. With on field WSN deployment farmer will get
24*7 real time field data. Also precise water irrigation is
possible by reading soil moisture. As proper application of
fertilizers and pesticides on time before attack of disease and
pest is necessary those alert of disease or pest attack will be
possible with WSN. So with help of WSN we can make
number of task related to agriculture more precisely.
Tuan Dinh Le [5] proposed the implementation and
deployment of wireless sensor network for precision farming.
Using WSN, farmer can monitor various parameters such as
soil moisture, light, PH, humidity etc. This data send to farmer
after which farmer will take proper decision to increase
productivity and quality of crop. The data prediction model
achieve 77.5% accuracy for temperature and 67.6% accuracy
for humidity prediction.
The state-of-the-art followed and upcoming challenges are
discussed in [2]. Wireless sensor network is simple and easy to
use system currently most preferred over the other in
agriculture. To make existing WSN system more powerful
cloud computing will be one of the best option. By doing
integration of cloud computing with WSN user will get more
processing power, proper data storage and analysis of
collected data.
A. K Tripathy [1] used wireless sensor network for groundnut
crop. Experiment conducted for various seasons as well as
constantly number of year to get more precise information.
Real time temperature, humidity and leaf wetness etc. data
captured through on field sensors. Finally they carried out data
mining on collected data and suggested patterns for groundnut
crop. A overview of zigbee based wireless sensor network is
provided in [12]. WSN for green house management is
discussed in [6].
III. ARCHITECTURE
Figure 2 shows architecture of WSN system. It consists of on
field sensor nodes, gateway node, user, internet connectivity
and centralized server. Nodes are deployed on field according
to requirement so that it will cover all field as well as collect
data from all area. It will collect the data according to time
quantum constraint specified. Captured data is passed to
gateway node which then forward it to the centralized server.
On server there are number of algorithms running according to
requirement of system. If certain specified constraint are true
the alert to the user will be send as SMS. In this specified
architecture user also allowed to give the feedback about
system when alerted him by SMS. This will help to improve
the system further. On server analysis of data done by using
different data mining techniques or with the help of expert.
That advice will be suggested to the user to improve his
currently followed practices. So it helps to produce more
quality production from the farm with optimal usage of
resources and avoids economical loss of farmers.
Figure 3 Sensor node structure.
Figure 3 shows the structure of sensor node. Its major
components are transceiver, memory, microcontroller, power
supply, interface and sensors according to requirement of
user. Sensed data will be processed by microcontroller. Small
amount of memory available that is used as temporary storage
for data. Transceiver doing the task of receiving as well as
forwarding data. We can provide power supply in different
form such as battery, solar etc. Interface unit helps to have
communication between different entities. We can provide
different sensor on node according to requirement of the
system.
As irrigation water and soil nutrient are also major
components in the growth of crop those also be managed with
the help of sensors. Soil moisture sensor give precise reading
of soil moisture after specified time quantum. If level of water
is outside the specified range, farmer will be alerted to start
water irrigation pump. So crop getting optimal amount of
water and soil nutrient gets available properly when irrigation
water supplied exactly.
IV. CONCLUSION
This paper discussed different practices followed globally in
wireless sensor network for precision agriculture. Due to
dynamic climate change farmers facing number of problems.
The traditional followed practices are not working under the
current scenario, which needs to improve. Sustainable
agriculture practices will help to balance the demand of food
as well as it is handling natural resources properly.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/53150044361419-07-2017-171228160821/85/A-Survey-on-Wireless-Sensor-Network-For-Agriculture-3-320.jpg)
![International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 269 – 272
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
272
IJRITCC | July 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
As future scope in this system is to develop system which is
having low cost, scalable and easy to use to the farmers
especially from developing countries. Also big data, cloud
computing and IoT will help further to become system more
precise, reliable and automated.
REFERENCES
[1] A. Tripathy, J. Adinarayana, K. Vijayalakshmi, S. M. U. Desai,
S. Ninomiya, M. Hirafuji, and T. Kiura, “Knowledge discovery
and leaf spot dynamics of groundnut crop through wireless
sensor network and data mining techniques,” Computers and
Electronics in Agriculture Elsevier, vol. 107, pp. 104–114, June
2014.
[2] T. Ojha, S. Misra, and N. S. Raghuwanshi, “Wireless sensor
networks for agriculture: The state-of-the-art in practice and
future challenges,” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Elsevier, vol. 118, pp. 66–84, June 2015.
[3] D. P, S. Sonkiya, P. Das, M. V. V., and M. V. Ramesh, “Cawis:
Context aware wireless irrigation system,” in Computer,
Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT), 2014
International Conference on, 2014, pp. 310–315.
[4] B. B. Bhanu, K. R. Rao, J. V. N. Ramesh, and M. A. Hussain,
“Agriculture field monitoring and analysis using wireless sensor
networks for improving crop production,” in 2014 Eleventh
International Conference on Wireless and Optical
Communications Networks (WOCN), 2014, pp. 1–7.
[5] T. D. Le and D. H. Tan, “Design and deploy a wireless sensor
network for precision agriculture,” in Information and Computer
Science (NICS), 2015 2nd National Foundation for Science and
Technology Development Conference on, 2015, pp. 294–299.
[6] C. Akshay, N. Karnwal, K. A. Abhfeeth, R. Khandelwal, T.
Govindraju, D. Ezhilarasi, and Y. Sujan, “Wireless sensing and
control for precision green house management,” in Sensing
Technology (ICST), 2012 Sixth International Conference on,
2012, pp. 52–56.
[7] A. Mittal, K. P. Chetan, S. Jayaraman, B. G. Jagyasi, A. Pande,
and P. Balamuralidhar, “mkrishi wireless sensor network
platform for precision agriculture,” in Sensing Technology
(ICST), 2012 Sixth International Conference on, 2012, pp. 623–
629.
[8] D. Anurag, S. Roy, and S. Bandyopadhyay, “Agro-sense:
Precision agriculture using sensor-based wireless mesh
networks,” in Innovations in NGN: Future Network and
Services, 2008. K-INGN 2008. First ITU-T Kaleidoscope
Academic Conference, 2008, pp. 383–388.
[9] H. Chang, N. Zhou, X. Zhao, Q. Cao, M. Tan, and Y. Zhang, “A
new agriculture monitoring system based on wsns,” in 2014 12th
International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP), Oct
2014, pp. 1755–1760.
[10] K. S. V. Grace, S. Kharim, and P. Sivasakthi, “Wireless sensor
based control system in agriculture field,” in Communication
Technologies (GCCT), 2015 Global Conference on, April 2015,
pp. 823–828.
[11] Y. Zhua, J. Songa, and F. Donga, “Applications of wireless
sensor network in the agriculture environment monitoring,”
Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, vol. 16, pp. 608–614, July 2011.
[12] T. Kalaivani, A. Allirani, and P. Priya, “A survey on zigbee
based wireless sensor networks in agriculture,” in 3rd
International Conference on Trendz in Information Sciences
Computing (TISC2011), 2011, pp. 85–89.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/53150044361419-07-2017-171228160821/85/A-Survey-on-Wireless-Sensor-Network-For-Agriculture-4-320.jpg)
A Survey on Wireless Sensor Network For Agriculture
- 1. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169 Volume: 5 Issue: 7 269 – 272 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 269 IJRITCC | July 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org _______________________________________________________________________________________ A Survey on Wireless Sensor Network For Agriculture Mr. Shankar Pujari Department of Computer Engineering KJ College of Engineering and Management Research Pune, India shankarpujari77@gmail.com Mr. Nagaraju Bogiri Department of Computer Engineering KJ College of Engineering and Management Research Pune, India mail2nagaraju@gmail.com Abstract— Wireless sensor Network is widely used in agriculture field. It provides a new direction of research in agricultural domain. WSN gives various benefits such as crop monitoring, crop management and water management. The aim of this paper to review the need of WSN in agriculture field such as real time data capturing from field, devices used etc. Farming is one of the major domain where WSN is used. It is very difficult to do the field management manually. With the help of WSN farmer can capture real time data from field and it will be beneficial for crop management. Keywords-Wireless Sensor Network, Precision Agriculture, Sustainable Agriculture __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION India is an agriculture country and agriculture plays important role in country’s economical growth. So, productive and sustainable growth is important in agricultural field. In our country, crop production management is usually done by some expert or farmer. But is difficult to manage crop production by open eye observation. Traditional method for crop production requires an implementation of various series of tasks, such as planting, fertilizing, harvesting, with a predetermined schedule. However, agricultural and environmental data can be collected to use for more intelligent decisions such as weather, soil and air quality, monitoring of crop growth and even equipment and labor costs etc. This is known as precision agriculture [7] [8] [10] [11]. Need of WSN in Agriculture Sensors are used for collecting live data from field and process it. Agriculture domain poses several requirements that are following: I) Collection of real time data from field such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity and rainfall etc. II) Processing on captured data. III) Send alert message to user/ farmer. IV) Monitoring of distributed land. V) Management of water requirement to crop. In India, there is water scarcity problem as there are variation in rainy season and rainy season is not constant throughout year in India. Due to this, water management in farming is very important. Wireless sensor network plays important role in water management. Wireless sensor networks as tool provides crop productivity, quality, resource utilization, crop management. The main purpose of WSN to increase crop productivity that will lead to improve farmers economical condition. WSN provides way to capture live data with numerous devices and provide solutions to agricultural issues. II. LITERATURE SURVEY Divya P [3] proposed a context aware wireless sensor system for water management in farm. This system is developed to solve water scarcity problem in agriculture field. The system will monitor various parameters such as envirmental parameters, soil parameters, hydrological parameters. These parameters used for automatic control of water management. The results of conducted experiment shows that system reduce waste of water. B. Balaji Bhanu [4] proposed system to increase productivity and quality of farming using wireless sensor networks. The system monitors humidity, temperature and carbon dioxide levels in farm and farmer can get these parameter measurement from web. Then system send alert messages to farmer periodically.
- 2. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169 Volume: 5 Issue: 7 269 – 272 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 270 IJRITCC | July 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org _______________________________________________________________________________________ Figure1. Existing practices in agriculture Figure 2. Architecture of system.
- 3. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169 Volume: 5 Issue: 7 269 – 272 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 271 IJRITCC | July 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org _______________________________________________________________________________________ The figure 1 shows the current agriculture practices followed and which need to be improved to overcome present challenges in agriculture. This will be improved by using WSN system. With on field WSN deployment farmer will get 24*7 real time field data. Also precise water irrigation is possible by reading soil moisture. As proper application of fertilizers and pesticides on time before attack of disease and pest is necessary those alert of disease or pest attack will be possible with WSN. So with help of WSN we can make number of task related to agriculture more precisely. Tuan Dinh Le [5] proposed the implementation and deployment of wireless sensor network for precision farming. Using WSN, farmer can monitor various parameters such as soil moisture, light, PH, humidity etc. This data send to farmer after which farmer will take proper decision to increase productivity and quality of crop. The data prediction model achieve 77.5% accuracy for temperature and 67.6% accuracy for humidity prediction. The state-of-the-art followed and upcoming challenges are discussed in [2]. Wireless sensor network is simple and easy to use system currently most preferred over the other in agriculture. To make existing WSN system more powerful cloud computing will be one of the best option. By doing integration of cloud computing with WSN user will get more processing power, proper data storage and analysis of collected data. A. K Tripathy [1] used wireless sensor network for groundnut crop. Experiment conducted for various seasons as well as constantly number of year to get more precise information. Real time temperature, humidity and leaf wetness etc. data captured through on field sensors. Finally they carried out data mining on collected data and suggested patterns for groundnut crop. A overview of zigbee based wireless sensor network is provided in [12]. WSN for green house management is discussed in [6]. III. ARCHITECTURE Figure 2 shows architecture of WSN system. It consists of on field sensor nodes, gateway node, user, internet connectivity and centralized server. Nodes are deployed on field according to requirement so that it will cover all field as well as collect data from all area. It will collect the data according to time quantum constraint specified. Captured data is passed to gateway node which then forward it to the centralized server. On server there are number of algorithms running according to requirement of system. If certain specified constraint are true the alert to the user will be send as SMS. In this specified architecture user also allowed to give the feedback about system when alerted him by SMS. This will help to improve the system further. On server analysis of data done by using different data mining techniques or with the help of expert. That advice will be suggested to the user to improve his currently followed practices. So it helps to produce more quality production from the farm with optimal usage of resources and avoids economical loss of farmers. Figure 3 Sensor node structure. Figure 3 shows the structure of sensor node. Its major components are transceiver, memory, microcontroller, power supply, interface and sensors according to requirement of user. Sensed data will be processed by microcontroller. Small amount of memory available that is used as temporary storage for data. Transceiver doing the task of receiving as well as forwarding data. We can provide power supply in different form such as battery, solar etc. Interface unit helps to have communication between different entities. We can provide different sensor on node according to requirement of the system. As irrigation water and soil nutrient are also major components in the growth of crop those also be managed with the help of sensors. Soil moisture sensor give precise reading of soil moisture after specified time quantum. If level of water is outside the specified range, farmer will be alerted to start water irrigation pump. So crop getting optimal amount of water and soil nutrient gets available properly when irrigation water supplied exactly. IV. CONCLUSION This paper discussed different practices followed globally in wireless sensor network for precision agriculture. Due to dynamic climate change farmers facing number of problems. The traditional followed practices are not working under the current scenario, which needs to improve. Sustainable agriculture practices will help to balance the demand of food as well as it is handling natural resources properly.
- 4. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169 Volume: 5 Issue: 7 269 – 272 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 272 IJRITCC | July 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org _______________________________________________________________________________________ As future scope in this system is to develop system which is having low cost, scalable and easy to use to the farmers especially from developing countries. Also big data, cloud computing and IoT will help further to become system more precise, reliable and automated. REFERENCES [1] A. Tripathy, J. Adinarayana, K. Vijayalakshmi, S. M. U. Desai, S. Ninomiya, M. Hirafuji, and T. Kiura, “Knowledge discovery and leaf spot dynamics of groundnut crop through wireless sensor network and data mining techniques,” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture Elsevier, vol. 107, pp. 104–114, June 2014. [2] T. Ojha, S. Misra, and N. S. Raghuwanshi, “Wireless sensor networks for agriculture: The state-of-the-art in practice and future challenges,” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture Elsevier, vol. 118, pp. 66–84, June 2015. [3] D. P, S. Sonkiya, P. Das, M. V. V., and M. V. Ramesh, “Cawis: Context aware wireless irrigation system,” in Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT), 2014 International Conference on, 2014, pp. 310–315. [4] B. B. Bhanu, K. R. Rao, J. V. N. Ramesh, and M. A. Hussain, “Agriculture field monitoring and analysis using wireless sensor networks for improving crop production,” in 2014 Eleventh International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN), 2014, pp. 1–7. [5] T. D. Le and D. H. Tan, “Design and deploy a wireless sensor network for precision agriculture,” in Information and Computer Science (NICS), 2015 2nd National Foundation for Science and Technology Development Conference on, 2015, pp. 294–299. [6] C. Akshay, N. Karnwal, K. A. Abhfeeth, R. Khandelwal, T. Govindraju, D. Ezhilarasi, and Y. Sujan, “Wireless sensing and control for precision green house management,” in Sensing Technology (ICST), 2012 Sixth International Conference on, 2012, pp. 52–56. [7] A. Mittal, K. P. Chetan, S. Jayaraman, B. G. Jagyasi, A. Pande, and P. Balamuralidhar, “mkrishi wireless sensor network platform for precision agriculture,” in Sensing Technology (ICST), 2012 Sixth International Conference on, 2012, pp. 623– 629. [8] D. Anurag, S. Roy, and S. Bandyopadhyay, “Agro-sense: Precision agriculture using sensor-based wireless mesh networks,” in Innovations in NGN: Future Network and Services, 2008. K-INGN 2008. First ITU-T Kaleidoscope Academic Conference, 2008, pp. 383–388. [9] H. Chang, N. Zhou, X. Zhao, Q. Cao, M. Tan, and Y. Zhang, “A new agriculture monitoring system based on wsns,” in 2014 12th International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP), Oct 2014, pp. 1755–1760. [10] K. S. V. Grace, S. Kharim, and P. Sivasakthi, “Wireless sensor based control system in agriculture field,” in Communication Technologies (GCCT), 2015 Global Conference on, April 2015, pp. 823–828. [11] Y. Zhua, J. Songa, and F. Donga, “Applications of wireless sensor network in the agriculture environment monitoring,” Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, vol. 16, pp. 608–614, July 2011. [12] T. Kalaivani, A. Allirani, and P. Priya, “A survey on zigbee based wireless sensor networks in agriculture,” in 3rd International Conference on Trendz in Information Sciences Computing (TISC2011), 2011, pp. 85–89.