ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model (RAP) – Overview.pdf
- 1. Public ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model (RAP) Overview ABAP Product Management, SAP May 2024
- 2. 2 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 2 Public INTRODUCTION BIG PICTURE MAJOR CONCEPTS SUMMARY Agenda
- 3. INTRODUCTION
- 4. 4 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 4 Public … is the ABAP development model to build cloud-ready business apps, services or extensions … compliant with clean core principles … comes with SAP BTP and SAP S/4HANA … works with public or private cloud, and even on-premise ABAP Cloud
- 5. 5 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 5 Public ABAP Cloud 2015 09/10.2022 The evolution to ABAP Cloud 2018 ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ 2012 * SAP Business Technology Platform
- 6. 6 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 6 Public BUILT-IN QUALITIES LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT TOOLS REUSE SERVICES AND LIBRARIES CONTAINING ABAP Cloud – What’s in? ABAP Cloud DEVELOPMENT MODEL TRANSACTIONAL ANALYTICAL INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS
- 7. 7 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 7 Public ABAP Cloud map DOMAIN-SPECIFIC MODELS CDS2 entity, RAP3 Business Object, CDS analytical provider DOMAIN-SPECIFIC LOGIC ABAP, CDS INTEGRATION SERVICES for process and data integration (OData, business events, HTTP, SOAP, RFC, SQL) BUSINESS SERVICE EXPOSURE UI SERVICES for SAP Fiori and analytical clients (OData and InA1) DOMAIN-SPECIFIC IMPLEMENTATION INTEGRATION SERVICES for process and data integration (OData, business events, HTTP, SOAP, RFC, SQL) BUSINESS SERVICE CONSUMPTION SAP HANA (SQL and SQLScript) DATABASE REUSE SERVICES AND LIBRARIES Output management, jobs., XCO, ... BUILT-IN QUALITIES Cloud-readiness, IAM 4 , BC 5 , extensibility, security, ... LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT Git based transport management with gCTS and abapGit TOOLS ADT 6 , BAS 7 , key user & monitoring tools 3 ABAP RESTful application programming model 4 Identity & Access Management 5 Business Configuration 6 ABAP Development Tools 1 Information access 2 Core Data Services 7 Business Application Studio APP SAP FIORI APPS ANALYTICAL APPS
- 8. 8 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 8 Public ABAP Cloud – IDE and API examples for on-stack developer extensibility Custom ABAP on SAP S/4HANA Cloud ABAP development tools in Eclipse Cloud-optimized ABAP language Proven ABAP transport management Access to public SAP APIs ONLY – otherwise, syntax error! No access to old Dynpro APIs No direct select on SAP table MARA Local APIs from SAP S/4HANA SELECT products from SAP S/4HANA tables using the public I_Product CDS view
- 9. 9 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 9 Public ABAP Cloud – One development model for SAP S/4HANA and SAP BTP SAP S/4HANA any premise 1 SAP S/4HANA Cloud Private Edition 1 SAP S/4HANA Cloud Public Edition 2 SAP BTP, ABAP Environment 1 SAP S/4HANA any premise or SAP S/4HANA Cloud Private Edition release ≥ 2022 2 SAP S/4HANA Cloud Public Edition release ≥ 2208, 3-system landscape required ABAP Cloud development model to build cloud-ready business apps, services, and extensions Classic ABAP development model
- 10. KEY PLAYERS
- 11. 11 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 11 Public The key players in RAP ABAP DEVELOPMENT TOOLS IN ECLIPSE for all development tasks Easy developer onboarding End-to-end development flow LANGUAGES: ABAP AND CORE DATA SERVICES (CDS) Standard implementation tasks via typed APIs supporting static code checks, auto-completion, element info POWERFUL FRAMEWORKS Take over technical implementation tasks Business logic added in code exits on protocol-agnostic layers
- 12. 12 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 12 Public Debugging, profiling, tracing Static and dynamic logging Runtime monitoring and analysis Static code checks (ATC, CVA) with remote and local scenarios Unit testing incl. isolation frameworks Test seams and injections Fully eclipse-based Syntax check, code completion Navigation, search, quick fixes Full support for the ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model and CDS Efficient ABAP development for Eclipse MODERN DEVELOPMENT TOOLSET QUALITY ASSURANCE SUPPORTABILITY HIGH DEVELOPER PRODUCTIVITY ON-PREMISE AND IN THE CLOUD
- 13. 13 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 13 Public JSON support in sXML library Simple and concise ABAP code through new language features such as inline declarations, constructor expressions Extensively expression-oriented syntax Advanced table operations such as CORRESPONDING( ) operator, grouping, and filtering Entity Manipulation Language (EML) to control the transactional business object behavior in the RAP context and raising RAP events Cloud-optimized ABAP language version available for cloud-ready development in the cloud and on-premise Inline code documentation with ABAP Doc, Development object documentation with knowledge transfer objects Unit testing with ABAP Unit using test doubles and test seams Declarative and expression-oriented ABAP language More information in the ABAP Keyword Documentation
- 14. 14 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 14 Public The Entity Manipulation Language (EML) at a glance EXTENSION OF THE ABAP LANGUAGE with an SQL-like syntax CONTROL THE TRANSACTIONAL BO BEHAVIOR IN RAP CONTEXT DIRECT API-BASED ACCESS TO RAP BOs GENERIC EML API generic framework integration of RAP BOs STANDARD EML API for type-safe read and modifying access to RAP BOs DATA CONSISTENCY ENSURED BY DATABASE LUW COMMIT operation required to persist changes More information in this blog post Entity Manipulation Language
- 15. 15 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 15 Public Next generation data modeling and access with ABAP CDS For all application domains Rich set of built-in functions Code pushdown capabilities Declarative access control Reduced complexity Extending SQL Semantically rich Declarative Close to conceptual thinking COMMON DATA MODEL IMPROVED PROGRAMMING MODEL CAPTURE BUSINESS INTENT ABAP CORE DATA SERVICES Learn more about ABAP CDS
- 16. 16 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 16 Public Category ABAP CDS Entity Type ABAP CDS Statement Standard view building CDS View Entity CDS Projection View CDS Projection View – Analytical Query CDS DDIC-based View (deprecated) DEFINE VIEW ENTITY DEFINE VIEW ENTITY AS PROJECTION ON DEFINE TRANSIENT VIEW ENTITY AS PROJECTION ON DEFINE VIEW (deprecated) Advanced view building – External implementation CDS Custom Entity CDS Abstract Entity DEFINE CUSTOM ENTITY DEFINE ABSTRACT ENTITY Advanced view building – SAP HANA breakout CDS Table Function CDS Hierarchy CDS Scalar Function 2 DEFINE TABLE FUNCTION DEFINE HIERARCHY DEFINE SCALAR FUNCTION Type definition CDS Simple Type 2 CDS Enumerated Type 2 DEFINE SIMPLE TYPE DEFINE TYPE ENUM Transactional behavior definition of business objects built with the ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model CDS Behavior Definition (and Projection) DEFINE BEHAVIOR Modification-free extension CDS View Entity Extension CDS Custom Entity Extension CDS Abstract Entity Extension CDS DDIC-based View Extension (deprecated) CDS Metadata Extension CDS Behavior Extension EXTEND VIEW ENTITY EXTEND CUSTOM ENTITY EXTEND ABSTRACT ENTITY EXTEND VIEW (deprecated) ANNOTATE VIEW EXTEND BEHAVIOR Access control definition CDS Access Control DEFINE ROLE Overview of supported ABAP CDS entity types1 1 Status from Q2/2024 | 2 Available on-prem starting with Release 2023
- 17. 17 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 17 Public Next generation data modeling and access with ABAP CDS – Example Selection Data source Element annotations Associations ABAP Flight Reference Scenario - Example available in package /DMO/FLIGHT_DRAFT View definition View annotations
- 18. BIG PICTURE
- 19. 19 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 19 Public Evolution of the ABAP programming model ABAP PLATFORM ≤ 7.5 CLASSIC ABAP PROGRAMMING Best practice freestyle ABAP programming, (Web) Dynpro, CDS1 ABAP PLATFORM ≥ 7.5 ABAP PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR SAP FIORI CDS, CDS-based BOPF, SEGW / @OData annotation with Referenced Data Source, SAP Fiori, SAPUI5 SAP BTP ABAP ENVIRONMENT SAP S/4HANA CLOUD SAP S/4HANA ≥ 1909 ABAP RESTful APPLICATION PROGRAMMING MODEL (RAP) CDS, Behavior Definition & Implementation, Business Services, SAP Fiori, SAPUI5 1 starting with release 7.4 SPS 05 Safe investments!
- 20. 20 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 20 Public SAP BTP ABAP Environment SAP S/4HANA, cloud and on-premise editions CONCEPTS TOOLS LANGUAGES FRAMEWORKS BEST PRACTISES RAP – FOR EFFICIENT ENTERPRISE GRADE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AVAILABLE IN THE CLOUD AND ON-PREMISE ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model (RAP) Greenfield development Brownfield development UNIVERSALLY USABLE PROGRAMMING MODEL SAP Fiori UI services Web APIs and local APIs Events SERVICE DEVELOPMENT
- 21. 21 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 21 Public SERVICE BINDING Service Definition, Service Projection, Event Binding ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model (RAP) – The big picture DOMAIN-SPECIFIC MODELS CDS1 entity, RAP2 Business Object DOMAIN-SPECIFIC LOGIC ABAP, CDS INTEGRATION SERVICES for process and data integration (OData based Web API, business events) BUSINESS SERVICE EXPOSURE UI SERVICES for SAP Fiori and analytical clients (OData) DOMAIN-SPECIFIC IMPLEMENTATION SAP HANA (SQL and SQLScript) DATABASE 1 Core Data Services 2 ABAP RESTful application programming model APP SAP FIORI APPS
- 22. MAJOR CONCEPTS
- 23. 23 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 23 Public Business object BUSINESS OBJECT DATA MODEL BEHAVIOUR RUNTIME IMPLEMENTATION COMPOSITION TREE root, parent, and child nodes CRUD, actions, functions, locks, eTag, authorizations, feature control, draft CDS: data modeling BDEF: behavior definition ABAP: Behavior implementation
- 24. 24 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 24 Public BUSINESS OBJECT (BO) RUNTIME SAP HANA finalize SAVE SEQUENCE MODIFY READ INTERACTION PHASE check_before_save adjust_numbers save Transactional buffer LOCK Business object runtime implementation types UNMANAGED For brownfield developments with available application code for interaction phase, transactional buffer, and save sequence ➔ Developers in charge of BO runtime: CRUD operations ➔ Adapters needed to integrate the existing code MANAGED For greenfield developments with standard implementation (opt. unmanaged application components: e.g., DB tables, lock/PFCG objects, update task function modules) ➔ Standard CRUD operations work out of the box ➔ Developers add BO specific business logic
- 25. 25 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 25 Public Business service BUSINESS SERVICE SERVICE SCOPE SERVICE BINDING Service Definition: which entities? Protocol: OData V2, OData V4, InA, SQL Behavior Projection: which behavior? BO Projection View: which elements? Scenario: Web API, UI, Analytics, … WEB API LIFECYCLE Release Deprecation Versioning TOOL SUPPORT UI Scenarios: SAP Fiori elements preview Web API: Swagger UI preview * * planned
- 26. 26 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 26 Public SAP Fiori UI and Web API consumption Web API SAP FIORI UI UI annotation exposure Not applicable Required Value help Not applicable Required Dynamic feature control Not applicable Required Draft Not applicable Required Content IDs for complex $batch requests Required Not applicable Release, versioning, and deprecation Required Not applicable
- 27. 27 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 27 Public Development flow CDS BEHAVIOR DEFINITION ADD BEHAVIOR IMPLEMENT BEHAVIOR ABAP CODE DEFINE SCOPE SERVICE DEFINITION BIND TO SCENARIO AND PROTOCOL PREVIEW Authority object AUTHORITY-CHECK Role DEFINE ROLES Lock object CDS role QUERY DATA ACCESS CONTROL AUNIT Scenario and integration test CDS BASED DATA MODEL AUNIT Unit test BEHAVIOR PROJECTION ADD BEHAVIOR DATA MODEL PROJECTION PROJECT ELEMENTS AND ENRICH PROJECT BEHAVIOR APPLICATION DATA DATABASE TABLES SERVICE BINDING ADT wizard available for the generation of all required RAP artifacts of a service based on a database table
- 28. DRAFT HANDLING
- 29. 31 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 31 Public Draft handling – RESTful architecture and draft ENABLERS FOR CLOUD AND MODERN UX Modern user experience requires multi device support and data loss prevention without connection timeouts Draft persists the state device independently in a non-process-relevant way RESTful makes the draft available as an addressable resource Cloud environment expects high availability, continuous delivery, and low TCO RESTful avoids problematic server stickiness by introducing a stateless communication Draft fills the gap between stateless communication and stateful application Guiding principle Draft is the persisted transactional buffer as an addressable resource
- 30. 32 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 32 Public No feedback (such as messages, feature control) until SAVE is triggered Draft-enabled apps Early feedback comes from calculations and validations in the back end, including feature control Draft automatically supports data loss prevention, continuous work, and device switch Stateless transactional apps (without draft) Draft handling – stateful applications with stateless communication protocol IMPACT for end users IMPACT Perceived transaction Back-end execution SAVE ALL SAVE SAVE EDIT IMPACT for end users Perceived transaction Back-end execution SAVE EDIT
- 31. EXTENSIBILITY
- 32. 34 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 34 Public Modification-free extension of RAP BOs and business services RAP extension points possible for … ❖ Data model extension ❖ BO behavior extension ❖ BO node extension ❖ Service definition extension Exposed in RAP based UI services and Web APIs Learn more in the RAP Extensibility Guide RAP extensibility options SAP HANA database, stored procedures and functions, etc. DATA ACCESS BUSINESS SERVICE EXPOSURE SERVICE BINDING SERVICE DEFINITION SERVICE PROJECTION BO projection view Behavior projection RAP BO INTERFACE BO projection view Behavior projection DOMAIN-SPECIFIC IMPLEMENTATION RAP BUSINESS OBJECT Data model Behavior definition EXTENSION EXTENSION EXTENSION
- 33. TESTABILITY
- 34. 36 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 36 Public AVAILABLE TODAY ➢ ABAP TDF ➢ CDS TDF ➢ ABAP SQL TDF ➢ Function Modules TDF ➢ RAP BO TDF (link) ➢ Authority Helper ➢ ABAP Test Seams ➢ OData Local Client Proxy ➢ Test Relations ➢ OData V4 test class generator in the cloud ➢ Official RAP Test Guide (link) PLANNED ➢ BDEF test class generator Testability options BUSINESS SERVICE EXPOSURE SERVICE BINDING SERVICE DEFINITION SERVICE PROJECTION CDS - BO projection view BDEF - Behavior projection ABAP - Behavior implementation DOMAIN-SPECIFIC IMPLEMENTATION RAP BUSINESS OBJECT CDS - Data model BDEF - Behavior definition ABAP - Behavior implementation Service Tests AUNIT & LOCAL CLIENT PROXY BO Tests AUNIT & ABAP / EML Unit Tests AUNIT & ABAP AUNIT: ABAP-Unit TDF: Test Double Framework This presentation and SAP‘s strategy and possible future developments are subject to change and may be changed by SAP at any time for any reason without notice.
- 35. TROUBLESHOOTING
- 36. 38 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 38 Public ABAP CROSS TRACE ADT troubleshooting tools & browser developer tools ADT FEED READER ABAP RUNTIME ERROR LOG GATEWAY ERROR LOG ABAP DEBUGGER ABAP PROFILING DYNAMIC LOGPOINTS * CDS TOOLS BROWSER DEVELOPER TOOLS *only on-premise Learn more about RAP troubleshooting tools
- 37. 39 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 39 Public ADT troubleshooting tools for CDS DATA PREVIEW ANNOTATION PROPAGATION ACTIVATION GRAPH DICTIONARY LOG ACTIVE ANNOTATIONS Learn more about ABAP CDS tools
- 38. SUMMARY
- 39. 41 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 41 Public Summary – key takeaways ABAP Cloud is the development model provided to build cloud-ready enterprise services, apps, and extensions on SAP BTP ABAP environment and all editions1 of SAP S/4HANA, in the cloud and on-premises Development that is done with ABAP Cloud adheres to the clean core principles The ABAP RESTful application programming model (RAP) is at the heart of ABAP Cloud for efficiently building transactional OData-based services and SAP Fiori apps with built-in cloud qualities RAP best support SAP HANA and SAP Fiori elements The ABAP Cloud (incl. RAP) feature set is enhanced quarterly in SAP BTP ABAP environment, twice a year in SAP S/4HANA Cloud Public Edition, and every two years in SAP S/4HANA Cloud Private Edition and SAP S/4HANA See the ABAP Cloud Release Notes and the ABAP Cloud Roadmap Information RAP is available on SAP BTP ABAP Environment, SAP S/4HANA Cloud, and SAP S/4HANA as of edition 1909 1 SAP S/4HANA any premise or SAP S/4HANA Cloud, private edition release ≥ 2022 SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition release ≥ 2208, 3-system landscape required
- 40. 42 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 42 Public Demonstrate how to use different RAP capabilities concretely Based on a simple to use and understand data model: SFLIGHT reloaded Feature scope regularly enhanced Downloadable from GitHub Step-by-step description of scenarios available in the RAP documentation as development guides Sample implementations with the ABAP Flight Reference Scenario Find more information in the RAP documentation: Cloud | SAP S/4HANA
- 41. 43 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 43 Public SAP Fiori elements feature showcase app for RAP and ABAP CDS Learn more about SAP Fiori elements Feature Showcase App with RAP
- 42. 44 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 44 Public Become an ABAP Cloud certified developer SAP Learning journeys valid for all SAP S/4HANA editions 👩🏫 SAP Learning Journey: Practicing Clean Core Extensibility for SAP S/4HANA Cloud 🥇 Become an SAP Certified Associate – ABAP Cloud Back-End Developer
- 43. 45 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 45 Public Further information ABAP Cloud Development Guide ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model (RAP) What’s New in ABAP RAP? ABAP Roadmap Information | For ABAP-based Products and ABAP Cloud SAP Fiori elements Feature Showcase App with RAP and ABAP CDS Acquire Core ABAP Skills | Practicing Clean Core Extensibility for SAP S/4HANA Cloud | SAP Learning Journeys ABAP Cloud sessions at SAP’s Devtoberfest in 2023 | ABAP Cloud sessions at SAP TechEd 2023 SAP BTP Developer’s Guide Public SAP Web sites ABAP Development Community: www.sap.com/community/topic/abap.html SAP BTP ABAP Environment Community: https://community.sap.com/topics/btp-abap-environment SAP S/4HANA Cloud ABAP Environment Community: https://community.sap.com/topics/s4hana-cloud-abap-environment ABAP Testing and Analysis Community: https://community.sap.com/topics/abap-testing-analysis SAP products: www.sap.com/products SAP training and certification opportunities www.sap.com/education – e.g. trainings S4D400, S4D430, S4D437, and HA400. https://learning.sap.com/ – e.g., search for ABAP or ABAP Cloud SAP Certified Associate – ABAP Cloud Back-End Developer
- 44. 46 INTERNAL – SAP and Partners Only 46 Public Important ABAP Cloud related guides Further information and blog posts linked at https://community.sap.com/topics/s4hana-cloud-abap-environment and https://community.sap.com/topics/abap Overview, comparison of extensibility options, introduction to ABAP Cloud and 3-tier extensibility model. How to leverage tier 2 of the 3-tier extensibility model. How the old, tier 3 / classic ABAP world maps to the new, tier 1 / ABAP Cloud world. How to check compliance with the ABAP Cloud and 3-tier extensibility model
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