Addresses and Address Data - Experiences from denmark

Addresses and Address
Data
Experiences from Denmark

Ministry for Housing, Urban and Rural Affairs
Address: Gammel Mønt 4, 1117 Copenhagen
Ministry’s Logo
The Ministry
Minister Carsten Hansen

ODI-UK, 08-08-2014 DK Addresses and Address Data 4
Disclaimer
The basic facts are approved
… but personal statements are mine

”Mr. and Mrs. Dursley of number four, Privet Drive
was proud to say that they were perfectly normal …”
J.K. Rowlands: ”Harry Potter and
the Philosophers Stone” (Chapter 1, p. 1)

Guru

Christopher Corbin,
Address Data, PSI, Open data
Michael Nicholson,
Intelligent Addressing, EURADIN
Rob Walker,
ISO Address Standard

Bob Barr

Concept of Addressing
A
B
“Structured information that allows the
unambiguous determination of an object
for purposes of identification and location”
From ISO 19160 DIS

Addresses are important

Bratislava, August 1968
(Nordfoto, DK)
… without addresses
navigation is difficult

CC Paul Townsend
(Flickr: brizzle born and bred)
… so road signs were painted
out in the UK during WWII

… and should be easy to understand

… initiative launched 2009 by the
Universal Postal Union, UPU

“As a network, addresses allow individuals to be connected to
everyday life, have a legal identity, participate in the democratic
process, be part of the society, as well as the formal economy,
receive public and private services and participate in the
information and communication age.
Governments and public and private services also benefit from
the address network by using it to optimize the reach of policies,
communicate with individuals and support goods and service
delivery.
Addresses are the underlying thread connecting these different
actors and their activities, effectively functioning as a network of
networks.”
Universal Postal Union, UPU

Delivery ServicesDelivery Services
Communication networksCommunication networks
Vehicle navigationVehicle navigation
Civil registrationCivil registration
MarketingMarketing
StatisticsStatistics
Location planningLocation planning
Yellow pages, mappingYellow pages, mapping
Social servicesSocial services
Tax, assessmentTax, assessment
Insurance/finacingInsurance/finacing
Property marketProperty market
TransportTransport
Customer relationsCustomer relations
EmergencyEmergency
Health careHealth care
Geo enabled applicationsGeo enabled applications
ADDR
3A3A

A Brief History
– of addressing in Denmark

… 1960 Addresses
covers urban areas only
1967 Post code system
introduced
1970-73 Addresses
extended to rural areas

1978-80: Standard Address Format
Jennifer Red
Blue Street 14A, 1.tv
4990 Grenville C
Jennifer Red
Blue Street 14A, 1.tv
4990 Grenville C
Mun.C Street AddNo Floor Door
413 0915 14A 1 tv

1995-2001: Geocoding and Harmonization
Basic method:
Collect addresses from 2-3 property base registers
and combine them with the “house-number layer”
in the first generation of digital maps.
Store the resulting data in the public Building and
Dwelling Register
MapKRR
Property
Data
Registers
BBRBuilding-
and Dwelling
Register
Municipal
Technical
Base Maps

1995-2001: Geocoding and Harmonization
Mun StrC AdNo X-coord. Y-coord. Arc.
--- ---- ---- -------,-- -------,-- -----
619 4605 _17A 248.510,45 153.345,08 175,0
Mun StrC AdNo X-coord. Y-coord. Arc.
--- ---- ---- -------,-- -------,-- -----
619 4605 _17A 248.510,45 153.345,08 175,0
The initiative was a volunteer municipal project
supported by the government and the local
government association by standards, access to
public registers and project coordination

Conceptual Issues
The Concept of Addresses and Address Data

From “Address as an Attribute”
Population Register
Tax
Property Register
Building Register
Health Care
Register of
Business Entities
Utilities

… which encourages Inconsistency
Property register
Orchards Lane 2
Property register
Orchards Lane 2
DB1
Utility data base:
Old Kings Road 88
Utility data base:
Old Kings Road 88
DB1

Towards “Address as an Object”
Population Register
Tax
Property Register
Building Register
Customer
management
Business Entities
Utilities
Address Register

Address as an Object - Example
22
20
Mill Road
Before
2
20
Mill Road
Oak Lane
After
0a3f507f-c5df-32b8-e044-0003ba2980180a3f507f-c5df-32b8-e044-0003ba298018

Addresses as a Common Asset for Society
Address
System
Address
System
Concept of Addresses
as a common, public
asset and resource
Person
(CPR, health,
social, Tax …)
Person
(CPR, health,
social, Tax …)
Business
Legal entities
production units…
Business
Legal entities
production units…
Building, dwelling,
utilities,
property …
Building, dwelling,
utilities,
property …

2000-2001: Supported by Legal Framework
Public and
Common Private
Road
Legislation
Public and
Common Private
Road
Legislation
§
Population
Register
Legislation
Population
Register
Legislation
§
Building
Register
Legislation
Building
Register
Legislation
§
Until 2001
Building
Register Act
Sect. 3a-3g
Building
Register Act
Sect. 3a-3g
§ 2001: All legal regulation of
addressing transferred to the Act on
Building and Dwelling Registration
(Last revision 2012)
Statutory order
on road names
and Addresses
Statutory order
on road names
and Addresses
§ 2003: Detailed regulation on
rules for addressing
(Latest revision May 2014)
From 2001 - …

Address Data Agreement
The 2002 agreement to provide address data
as “Open data”, without fee or license restrictions

2000-2002 Deadlock Situation
Situation:
• State of the art address data, 97 % with HQ geo codes
• Very large potential for use; Could be joined with data from
other public base registries
• Large user demand from: emergency, police, county
administration, transport sector, health …
But:
• Data owned by 275 individual municipalities; no common
license agreement or data distribution
Therefore:
• Almost no re-use of data outside municipalities; but competing
private sector collections/datasets
ODI-UK, 08-08-2014 35DK Addresses and Address Data

ODI-UK, 08-08-2014 36
Ministry of Finance comes to rescue

2002 …: Free of Charge Data Agreement
 Prepared by Danish e-Government
Taskforce in Ministry of Finance
 Purpose: Increase use of address
data including geo codes
 Covers full public and private sector
use and add-on valueing
 Payment only of marginal costs of
distribution
 No license fee or any other
payment based on IPR
 Re-distribution to 3rd parties
without payment
 Economic compensation to
municipalities; also for maintenance

Drivers behind the agreement
– and the Evaluation of the Socio-Economic
Impact

Public Transport Services
”When we started our first
’Journey Planner project’ we
had to manage individual
agreements with every single
municipality on the use of their
address data – in the long run
this was not a feasible solution.
Without the ”free-of-charge data
agreement our project would
have been almost impossible”
”When we started our first
’Journey Planner project’ we
had to manage individual
agreements with every single
municipality on the use of their
address data – in the long run
this was not a feasible solution.
Without the ”free-of-charge data
agreement our project would
have been almost impossible”
Ulla Skjelbo, Project Manager
”Rejseplanen”/Journey Planner 1999-2000

Public Safety and Crime Detection
”Access to the official geo coded
addresses proved to be one of the
most important milestones in the
implementation of GIS in the
police force”
”Access to the official geo coded
addresses proved to be one of the
most important milestones in the
implementation of GIS in the
police force”
Ole Jacobsen,
National Investigation Center,
Danish National Police

Disease Monitoring and Control
Legionella
Examples showing monitoring Legionella infections over a period of 2
decades and detection of the transmission source of a
recent Campylobacter outbreak.
”Geo coded address data is a
crucial tool to the national
monitoring of infectious diseases
and to the analysis for detection
of transmission source of
outbreaks.”
”Geo coded address data is a
crucial tool to the national
monitoring of infectious diseases
and to the analysis for detection
of transmission source of
outbreaks.”
Ivan Bæhr, GIS specialist,
Statens Serum Institut – SSI
(Danish Center for Disease Control)
Campylobacter

Cancer Research
“In studies of environmental
pollutants and human health, the
assessment of individual
exposure to pollutants are a
major challenge.
Without geo coded addresses
our recent estimations of radon
in the homes of children with
leukemia and air pollution at the
residences of lung cancer
patients, had not been possible.”
“In studies of environmental
pollutants and human health, the
assessment of individual
exposure to pollutants are a
major challenge.
Without geo coded addresses
our recent estimations of radon
in the homes of children with
leukemia and air pollution at the
residences of lung cancer
patients, had not been possible.”
Ole Raaschou-Nielsen.
Institute of Cancer Epidemiology,
Danish Cancer Society

Postal Delivery Services
Address based planning of mail delivery (courtesy: Post Denmark)
“Post Denmark assesses that the
new route planning tool ’TOR’
will reduce delivery costs by 7,5
millions EUR every year. This
corresponds to 3,3% of the
overall time used for delivery”
(’TOR’ is based on geo coded address data)
“Post Denmark assesses that the
new route planning tool ’TOR’
will reduce delivery costs by 7,5
millions EUR every year. This
corresponds to 3,3% of the
overall time used for delivery”
(’TOR’ is based on geo coded address data)
Lars Kristensen, Post Denmark
in ”Fyens Stiftstidende” 03-12-2004

Emergency Dispatch Services
“When people call 1-1-2, the
first thing to know is where the
accident happened.
Address and street name is the
most important tools to confirm
the location – in order for us to
dispatch the right ambulance.”
“When people call 1-1-2, the
first thing to know is where the
accident happened.
Address and street name is the
most important tools to confirm
the location – in order for us to
dispatch the right ambulance.”
Erling Larsen,
Danish 112 Centers’ Secretariat
(112 was one of the first address data users)

Commercial use
“In the first year after the Free-
of-Charge agreement, everybody
thought they could make simple
business just by re-selling the
original address data.
It very quickly became clear,
though, that the opportunities
for business was in value-adding
and development of new, smart
products based on the addresses
as a common reference.”
“In the first year after the Free-
of-Charge agreement, everybody
thought they could make simple
business just by re-selling the
original address data.
It very quickly became clear,
though, that the opportunities
for business was in value-adding
and development of new, smart
products based on the addresses
as a common reference.”
Martin Glarvig,
Managing Director, Geomatic DK

Assessing the Impact
Estimated Socio-Economic Benefits 2005-2009 of
the Free-of-Charge Agreement

2010: Assessment of Benefits 2005-2010
2000 2005 2010 2015
Good
Better
Best
Average
Start ’Zero’
Today
Impact of
agreement How shall we assess
the benefits of the
increased address
data re-use?

Chain of Address Data Re-use
ADDR
‘Public Data Server’
(PDS)
2nd level
Licensed
Data Distributors
3rd 5th4th …
End users
Municipalities
Re-use and re-re-use

Increase in Re-use 2002-2009
Use of address data sets
25
1.250
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
1.400
2001 2009
Datasetsdistributed/year
2002 2009
Number of Address data sets distributed or updated to 3rd parties in 2002 and 2009
(of the 1250, approximately 300 was ’full cover Denmark’
70%
20%
10%
Private sector
State, region
Municipality
70%
20%
10%
Private sector
State, region
Municipality

Result: Assessment of Benefits
Direct, measurable economic benefits from
re-use of public address data 2005-2009:
~ 63 mill. EUR (~471 mill. DKK)
Assessed benefits in 2010:
~ 14 mill. EUR (~105 mill. DKK)
Cost of data agreement 2003-2009:
~ 2.6 mill. EUR (~20 mill. DKK)
~ In 2010: 0.2 mill. EUR (~1.5 mill. DKK)

Results Confirmed by EU Commission
Pricing of Public Sector Information
Study (POPSIS) selected the Danish
provision of address data as one of
the case studies.
The Study used another method, but
the conclusion, that the Free-of-
Charge agreement on address data
had a significant positive socio-
economic impact, was the same.
EU DG InfSoc, October 2011

OSM Paris, 04-04-2014 DK Addresses and Address Data 52
Potential Cost-benefit of a Danish Address
1 1000 5.000.000
Address authority Industry Products
The municipal address authority
allocates and registers an address or a
road name
1000 application developers or data
producers integrates the address or
road name in their product or service
5 mill. users now have access to the new
address or road name in their it-system,
GPS, smartphone or tablet
Few cost
Huge benefit

Present time
Initiatives, opportunities and challenges

We are in a New World
> 50 % of all Households! (1,25 mill.)> 50 % of all Households! (1,25 mill.)
Antal husstande med GPS navigation og smartphone
(Kilde: Danmarks Statistik)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
GPS navigation
Smartphone
*) Add to this number of GPS, smartphones and tablets
used in private businesses and public sector

Where Emergency Response is Data-driven
500 times every day, an ambulance is dispatched to an incident
where the response time is critical – i.e. few minutes delay
could cause death or another serious situation

On the Political Agenda
TV2/Fyn 8. oktober 2012”Unfortunately there are many places without an accurate address”

The Address Program

DK Addresses and Address Data 59
The data quality
– E.g. timeliness, accuracy, coverage,
harmonization, standardization
The back end infrastructure
– E.g. base register systems, coherence
with other basic data sets etc.
The services
– E.g. by reliable, high-effect, open
services for mapping, online access and
download
… and everything within the concept
of Open Data and Open Services
The Address Program shall Improve
ODI-UK, 08-08-2014

External Interest in Improvement *)
• Public sector – at all levels:
– Waste of time in management of in-formal, local address registers
– Waste of time to sort out data inconsistency from different sources
• Business – Utilities, LBS service providers, transport sector:
– Higher accuracy, better address coverage and improved timeliness
– Improved data services, reduced costs of acquisition
• Citizens:
– Are worried if GPS and emergency service will not find them
– Are troubled when services are poor because of bad addressing
*) Based on several stakeholder reports and feed back from users and citizens
DK Addresses and Address Data 60ODI-UK, 08-08-2014

National TV-spot from May 2014

Benefits for Society
Expected and experienced socio-economic
benefits of the Address Program – and examples

Benefits of the Address Program
Improved
Data Quality
and timeliness
Improved
Data Quality
and timeliness
Improved
infrastructure
Improved
infrastructure
Systematic
Re-use
Systematic
Re-use
IT-Infrastructure:
(Implementation + operation)
New address register
Data Distribution/Services
IT-Infrastructure:
(Implementation + operation)
New address register
Data Distribution/Services
Improved Data Quality:
(implementation costs)
Extra FTE’s in municipalities
and MBBL
Improved Data Quality:
(implementation costs)
and MBBL
Address authority tasks:
(operational costs)
and MBBL
Address authority tasks:
(operational costs)
and MBBL
Benefits from digital self-
service, electronic forms,
applications, reporting
Benefits from digital self-
service, electronic forms,
applications, reporting
Reduced cost of new it-
applications and systems
Reduced cost of new it-
applications and systems
Reduced cost and time of
present it and address data
management
Reduced cost and time of
present it and address data
management
Other business process
benefits
Other business process
benefits
In total
~30 mill EUR/yr
from 2015
In total
~30 mill EUR/yr
from 2015
~ 5 mill EUR
(one time) +
1 mill EUR/yr
~ 5 mill EUR
(one time) +
1 mill EUR/yr
~ 85 FTE
(one time)
~ 85 FTE
(one time)
~ 40 FTE
every year
~ 40 FTE
every year

The Address Program Business Case
2012 2016 2020
Even
Better
Almost
perfect?
Good
Today
’Zero’
(Do nothing)
Future
situation
Impact of
Address program
Estimated annual
net benefit:
30 mill. EUR/yr

DK Addresses and Address Data 65
• Because our address data are open they are
widely in use for many applications
• Because our data are in use and open, users see
the mutual benefits in reporting errors
• Because we receive error reports, we are able to
improve our address data
NoteNote
ODI-UK, 08-08-2014

Any government wants to create new jobs,
private innovation, entrepreneurship
– and tax revenue

Data is the new Gold
– Open data is a great
opportunity for pushing
our economy
Data is the new Gold
– Open data is a great
opportunity for pushing
our economy
Neelie Kroes, Vice President EC

Joys Law
"No matter who you are, most of
the smartest people work for
someone else.”
Bill Joy, the co-founder of
Sun Microsystems
(One of the best reasons for Open Data)

Open Address Data: Business Opportunities

Thanks to

Contact Information
• Morten Lind, Ministry for Housing, Urban and Rural Affairs – Denmark,
mli@mbbl.dk – Twitter: @mortlin
• The Ministry (MBBL): www.mbbl.dk
• Danish Geodata Agency: www.gst.dk
• Danish Basic Data Program:
http://uk.fm.dk/publications/2012/good-basic-data-for-everyone/
• The Address Program: www.adresseprogrammet.dk
• Danish Address Website: www.danmarksadresser.dk
• Address data services: www.aws.dk
• The value of Danish address data:
http://danmarksadresser.dk/file/389579/Value_Assessment_Danish_Address_Data_UK_2010-07-07.pdf
• Twitter: Danmarks Adresser - @DKAdresser
Address data services: @AWS_Suiten

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