CONTENTS


12-1   Adjective clauses: introduction
12-2   Using who and whom in adjective ...
12-3   Using who, who(m), and that in adjective ...
12-4   Using which and that in adjective clauses
12-5   Singular and plural verbs in adjective …
12-6   Using prepositions in adjective clauses
12-7   Using whose in adjective clauses


                                                      1
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION



 I have a terrific friend
     who is very kind.




                                       2
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION



                 adjective + noun
   11-10 CPITALIZATION

(a) I have a     terrific    friend.
              adjective + noun
(b) I have a thoughtful friend.


           adjective modifies noun



                                           3
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION



                 adjective + noun
   11-10 CPITALIZATION

(a) I have a     terrific    friend.
              adjective + noun
(b) I have a thoughtful friend.


               adjective        noun


                         (usually)
                                           4
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION



              noun + adjective clause
  11-10 CPITALIZATION

(c) I have a friend who is always cheerful.
              noun + adjective clause
  11-10 CPITALIZATION

(d) I have a friend who is a doctor.
              noun + adjective clause
  11-10 CPITALIZATION

(e) I have a friend who lives next door.

        adjective clause modifies noun

                                           5
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION



              noun + adjective clause
  11-10 CPITALIZATION

(c) I have a friend who is always cheerful.
              noun + adjective clause
  11-10 CPITALIZATION

(d) I have a friend who is a doctor.
              noun + adjective clause
  11-10 CPITALIZATION

(e) I have a friend who lives next door.

           noun         adjective clause

                                           6
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES



The boy who has the phone
       is adorable.




                                               7
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES



(a) The child is adorable. He has the phone.

(b) The child who has the phone is adorable.


                  he is a subject pronoun
                  who is a subject pronoun
                  who
                  he            adjective clause


                                                   8
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES



(a) The child is adorable.
(b) The child who has the phone is adorable.

    INCORRECT: The child is adorable
                   who has the phone.


         noun          adjective clause


                                                   9
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES



(c) The child was funny. I saw him.

(d) The child whom I saw was funny.


                 him  is an object pronoun
                 whom is an object pronoun
                 whom
                  him           adjective clause


                                                   10
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES



  (c) The child was funny.
  (d) The child who has the phone was funny.

              noun + adjective clause


INCORRECT:   The child was funny who has the phone.




                                                      11
12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE




two sentences          one sentence   who



 Jonah is in my English class.
 He is an excellent student.

 Jonah who is an excellent student
 is in my English class.


                                            12
12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE




two sentences          one sentence   who


          Mary is an artist.
          She is very talented.

          Mary who is very talented
          is an artist.


                                            13
12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE




 two sentences           one sentence   Ø
We see the vendors.
They are working in the
floating market.

The vendors whom we see are
working in the floating market.


                                            14
12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE
     CLAUSES


The girl that has the phone
         is friendly.




                                                15
12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE
          CLAUSES


(a) The girl is friendly.
(b) The girl who has the phone is friendly.
                       same
                       meaning

(c) The girl that has the phone is friendly.


INCORRECT:   The girl has the phone is friendly.

                                                     16
12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE
         CLAUSES


(a) The child is adorable. He has the phone.

(c) The child that has the phone is adorable.


                   He is a subject pronoun
                   that can be the subject

                   that
                    He            adjective clause


                                                     17
12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE
         CLAUSES

                             S          O
(d) The child was funny. I knew her.

                             who(m)
                             that
(e) The child who(m) I knew was funny.
(f) The child   that I knew was funny.
(g) The child Ø I knew           was funny.
         object pronoun can be omitted
              from adjective clause
                                                    18
12-3 LET’S PRACTICE




      CORRECT            OR   INCORRECT   ?
The people who(m) I met last night
were really funny.




                                              19
12-3 LET’S PRACTICE




    CORRECT            OR   INCORRECT   ?
The woman is reading is my sister.




                                            20
12-3 LET’S PRACTICE




    CORRECT            OR   INCORRECT   ?
The woman that is reading is my sister.




                                            21
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




The computer that I just
  bought is really fast.




                                                 22
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES


                                s v
(a) My computer is really fast. It is new.
                    s v
(b) My computer which is new is really fast.
                  s v
(c) My computer that is new is really fast.

             which              things
              that              people / things
         who, whom              people
                                                       23
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




(a) My computer is really fast. It is new.

(b) My computer which is new is really fast.

(c) My computer that is new is really fast.


            It
           which            adjective clause


                                                       24
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




(a) My computer is really fast. It is new.

(b) My computer which is new is really fast.

(c) My computer that is new is really fast.


             It
            that           adjective clause


                                                       25
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




(a) That computer is really fast. It is new.
(b) That computer which is new is really fast.
(c) That computer that is new is really fast.

 INCORRECT:   That computer is new is really fast.




                                                       26
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES


                                s v o
 (d) The old car needs work. I drive it.
                     o s v
 (e) The old car which I drive needs work.
                  o s v
 (f) The old car that I drive needs work.
                      s v
 (g) The old car Ø I drive needs work.

which, that          object in adjective clause

                                                     27
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




(d) The old car needs work. I drive it.

(e) The old car which I drive needs work.
                 same meaning
(f) The old car that I drive needs work.
                 same meaning
(g) The old car Ø I drive needs work.


                                                   28
12-4 LET’S PRACTICE




 two sentences             one sentence   which


  We played a game. The game was fun.

The game which we played
was fun.



                                                  29
12-4 LET’S PRACTICE




 two sentences             one sentence   Ø

  We played a game. The game was fun.

The game we played
was fun.



                                              30
12-4 LET’S PRACTICE




 two sentences             one sentence   that

Where is the supermarket?
It sells great produce.

Where is the supermarket
that sells great produce?



                                                 31
12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE
     CLAUSES


  I have a friend who is a
    wonderful gardener.




                                              32
12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE
         CLAUSES




(a) I have a friend who is a wonderful gardener.


        singular noun         singular verb




                                                  33
12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE
           CLAUSES




(b) I have friends who are wonderful gardeners.


       plural noun         plural verb




                                                    34
12-5 LET’S PRACTICE




People who travel to other countries    is
___ required to have a passport.
are                                    are




                                             35
12-5 LET’S PRACTICE




A set of twins that ___ not identical
                     is                  is
___ called fraternal.
 is                                     are




                                              36
12-5 LET’S PRACTICE




There are many people in       speak
            speak
Europe who ______ more than   speaks
one language.




                                       37
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




The new student I talked to
  was thrilled to be here.




                                                38
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES


                                          PREP Obj.
(a) The teacher is friendly. I talked to        her.

                     Obj.        PREP
(b) The teacher     whom I talked to is friendly.
(c) The teacher     that     I talked to     is friendly.

(d) The teacher      Ø      I talked to      is friendly.


                                                        39
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES



FORMAL ENGLISH
                               MUST have pronoun

                    PREP Obj.
(e) The teacher      to whom I talked is friendly.

 preposition + whom + adjective clause
               which



                                                     40
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES



                                         PREP Obj.
(f) The paper is long. I am working on           it.

                Obj.            PREP
(g) The paper which I am working on                  is long.
(h) The paper      that I am working on              is long.

(i) The paper        Ø I am working on               is long.


                                                          41
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES



FORMAL ENGLISH
                               MUST have pronoun

                 PREP Obj.
(j) The paper     on which I am working is long.

  preposition + whom + adjective clause
                which



                                                     42
12-6 LET’S PRACTICE




 two sentences             one sentence   which

      We went to a game. It was boring.

The game which we
went to was boring.



                                                  43
12-6 LET’S PRACTICE




 two sentences             one sentence   Ø

     We went to a game. It was boring.

The game Ø we
went to was boring.



                                              44
12-6 LET’S PRACTICE



We visited a Rodin museum          that
yesterday. It was beautiful.

The Rodin museum that we visited
yesterday was beautiful.




                                          45
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




  The boy whose wrist is
    broken has a cast.




                                        46
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




(a) The boy has a cast.
    His wrist is broken.




                                             47
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




(a) The boy has a cast.
    His wrist is broken.

 whose wrist

(b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast.

             whose            possession

                                                48
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




(a) The boy has a cast.
    His wrist is broken.

 whose wrist

(b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast.

               adjective
               clause
                                                49
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




(c) I have a friend.
     Her mother is a doctor.

  whose mother

(d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor.

            whose           possession

                                                50
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




(c) I have a friend.
     Her mother is a doctor.

  whose mother

(d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor.


                          adjective clause
                                                51
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




(e) The family was moving.
    I bought their car.




                                             52
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




(e) The family was moving.
    I bought their car.

            whose car

(f) The family whose car I bought was moving.

            whose           possession

                                                53
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES




(c) The family is moving.
    I bought their car.

            whose car

(d) The family whose car I bought was moving.


                 adjective clause
                                             54
12-7 LET’S PRACTICE



             who
            whose

This is my friend Ichiro.
His sister is a famous
scientist.

This is my friend Ichiro whose sister
 is a famous scientist.

                                        55
12-7 LET’S PRACTICE



             who
            whose


I go to a great doctor.
She is very busy.

I go to a great doctor who is very busy.


                                           56
12-7 LET’S PRACTICE



                who
               whose
I go to a busy doctor.
Her patients often have to wait
in line.

I go to a busy doctor whose patients often
 have to wait in line.

                                             57
PHOTO CREDITS



Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education and
its licensors. All rights reserved.

 Images used under license from:
• Shutterstock, Inc.
• Clipart, Inc.




                                         58
                                          58

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Adj clause feg chapter 12

  • 1. CONTENTS 12-1 Adjective clauses: introduction 12-2 Using who and whom in adjective ... 12-3 Using who, who(m), and that in adjective ... 12-4 Using which and that in adjective clauses 12-5 Singular and plural verbs in adjective … 12-6 Using prepositions in adjective clauses 12-7 Using whose in adjective clauses 1
  • 2. 12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION I have a terrific friend who is very kind. 2
  • 3. 12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION adjective + noun 11-10 CPITALIZATION (a) I have a terrific friend. adjective + noun (b) I have a thoughtful friend. adjective modifies noun 3
  • 4. 12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION adjective + noun 11-10 CPITALIZATION (a) I have a terrific friend. adjective + noun (b) I have a thoughtful friend. adjective noun (usually) 4
  • 5. 12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION noun + adjective clause 11-10 CPITALIZATION (c) I have a friend who is always cheerful. noun + adjective clause 11-10 CPITALIZATION (d) I have a friend who is a doctor. noun + adjective clause 11-10 CPITALIZATION (e) I have a friend who lives next door. adjective clause modifies noun 5
  • 6. 12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION noun + adjective clause 11-10 CPITALIZATION (c) I have a friend who is always cheerful. noun + adjective clause 11-10 CPITALIZATION (d) I have a friend who is a doctor. noun + adjective clause 11-10 CPITALIZATION (e) I have a friend who lives next door. noun adjective clause 6
  • 7. 12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES The boy who has the phone is adorable. 7
  • 8. 12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) The child is adorable. He has the phone. (b) The child who has the phone is adorable. he is a subject pronoun who is a subject pronoun who he adjective clause 8
  • 9. 12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) The child is adorable. (b) The child who has the phone is adorable. INCORRECT: The child is adorable who has the phone. noun adjective clause 9
  • 10. 12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (c) The child was funny. I saw him. (d) The child whom I saw was funny. him is an object pronoun whom is an object pronoun whom him adjective clause 10
  • 11. 12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (c) The child was funny. (d) The child who has the phone was funny. noun + adjective clause INCORRECT: The child was funny who has the phone. 11
  • 12. 12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE two sentences one sentence who Jonah is in my English class. He is an excellent student. Jonah who is an excellent student is in my English class. 12
  • 13. 12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE two sentences one sentence who Mary is an artist. She is very talented. Mary who is very talented is an artist. 13
  • 14. 12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE two sentences one sentence Ø We see the vendors. They are working in the floating market. The vendors whom we see are working in the floating market. 14
  • 15. 12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES The girl that has the phone is friendly. 15
  • 16. 12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) The girl is friendly. (b) The girl who has the phone is friendly. same meaning (c) The girl that has the phone is friendly. INCORRECT: The girl has the phone is friendly. 16
  • 17. 12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) The child is adorable. He has the phone. (c) The child that has the phone is adorable. He is a subject pronoun that can be the subject that He adjective clause 17
  • 18. 12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES S O (d) The child was funny. I knew her. who(m) that (e) The child who(m) I knew was funny. (f) The child that I knew was funny. (g) The child Ø I knew was funny. object pronoun can be omitted from adjective clause 18
  • 19. 12-3 LET’S PRACTICE CORRECT OR INCORRECT ? The people who(m) I met last night were really funny. 19
  • 20. 12-3 LET’S PRACTICE CORRECT OR INCORRECT ? The woman is reading is my sister. 20
  • 21. 12-3 LET’S PRACTICE CORRECT OR INCORRECT ? The woman that is reading is my sister. 21
  • 22. 12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES The computer that I just bought is really fast. 22
  • 23. 12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES s v (a) My computer is really fast. It is new. s v (b) My computer which is new is really fast. s v (c) My computer that is new is really fast. which things that people / things who, whom people 23
  • 24. 12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) My computer is really fast. It is new. (b) My computer which is new is really fast. (c) My computer that is new is really fast. It which adjective clause 24
  • 25. 12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) My computer is really fast. It is new. (b) My computer which is new is really fast. (c) My computer that is new is really fast. It that adjective clause 25
  • 26. 12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) That computer is really fast. It is new. (b) That computer which is new is really fast. (c) That computer that is new is really fast. INCORRECT: That computer is new is really fast. 26
  • 27. 12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES s v o (d) The old car needs work. I drive it. o s v (e) The old car which I drive needs work. o s v (f) The old car that I drive needs work. s v (g) The old car Ø I drive needs work. which, that object in adjective clause 27
  • 28. 12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (d) The old car needs work. I drive it. (e) The old car which I drive needs work. same meaning (f) The old car that I drive needs work. same meaning (g) The old car Ø I drive needs work. 28
  • 29. 12-4 LET’S PRACTICE two sentences one sentence which We played a game. The game was fun. The game which we played was fun. 29
  • 30. 12-4 LET’S PRACTICE two sentences one sentence Ø We played a game. The game was fun. The game we played was fun. 30
  • 31. 12-4 LET’S PRACTICE two sentences one sentence that Where is the supermarket? It sells great produce. Where is the supermarket that sells great produce? 31
  • 32. 12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES I have a friend who is a wonderful gardener. 32
  • 33. 12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) I have a friend who is a wonderful gardener. singular noun singular verb 33
  • 34. 12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (b) I have friends who are wonderful gardeners. plural noun plural verb 34
  • 35. 12-5 LET’S PRACTICE People who travel to other countries is ___ required to have a passport. are are 35
  • 36. 12-5 LET’S PRACTICE A set of twins that ___ not identical is is ___ called fraternal. is are 36
  • 37. 12-5 LET’S PRACTICE There are many people in speak speak Europe who ______ more than speaks one language. 37
  • 38. 12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES The new student I talked to was thrilled to be here. 38
  • 39. 12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES PREP Obj. (a) The teacher is friendly. I talked to her. Obj. PREP (b) The teacher whom I talked to is friendly. (c) The teacher that I talked to is friendly. (d) The teacher Ø I talked to is friendly. 39
  • 40. 12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES FORMAL ENGLISH MUST have pronoun PREP Obj. (e) The teacher to whom I talked is friendly. preposition + whom + adjective clause which 40
  • 41. 12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES PREP Obj. (f) The paper is long. I am working on it. Obj. PREP (g) The paper which I am working on is long. (h) The paper that I am working on is long. (i) The paper Ø I am working on is long. 41
  • 42. 12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES FORMAL ENGLISH MUST have pronoun PREP Obj. (j) The paper on which I am working is long. preposition + whom + adjective clause which 42
  • 43. 12-6 LET’S PRACTICE two sentences one sentence which We went to a game. It was boring. The game which we went to was boring. 43
  • 44. 12-6 LET’S PRACTICE two sentences one sentence Ø We went to a game. It was boring. The game Ø we went to was boring. 44
  • 45. 12-6 LET’S PRACTICE We visited a Rodin museum that yesterday. It was beautiful. The Rodin museum that we visited yesterday was beautiful. 45
  • 46. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast. 46
  • 47. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) The boy has a cast. His wrist is broken. 47
  • 48. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) The boy has a cast. His wrist is broken. whose wrist (b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast. whose possession 48
  • 49. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) The boy has a cast. His wrist is broken. whose wrist (b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast. adjective clause 49
  • 50. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (c) I have a friend. Her mother is a doctor. whose mother (d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor. whose possession 50
  • 51. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (c) I have a friend. Her mother is a doctor. whose mother (d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor. adjective clause 51
  • 52. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (e) The family was moving. I bought their car. 52
  • 53. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (e) The family was moving. I bought their car. whose car (f) The family whose car I bought was moving. whose possession 53
  • 54. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (c) The family is moving. I bought their car. whose car (d) The family whose car I bought was moving. adjective clause 54
  • 55. 12-7 LET’S PRACTICE who whose This is my friend Ichiro. His sister is a famous scientist. This is my friend Ichiro whose sister is a famous scientist. 55
  • 56. 12-7 LET’S PRACTICE who whose I go to a great doctor. She is very busy. I go to a great doctor who is very busy. 56
  • 57. 12-7 LET’S PRACTICE who whose I go to a busy doctor. Her patients often have to wait in line. I go to a busy doctor whose patients often have to wait in line. 57
  • 58. PHOTO CREDITS Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education and its licensors. All rights reserved. Images used under license from: • Shutterstock, Inc. • Clipart, Inc. 58 58

Editor's Notes

  • #21: Animation is off.
  • #22: Animation is off