Advanced Oscilloscope Technologies enabling Terabit Optical Communications
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Advanced oscilloscope technologies are enabling terabit optical communications by providing extreme ADC performance. Agilent's state-of-the-art oscilloscopes utilize high bandwidth InP chipsets and proprietary packaging to achieve analog bandwidths up to 63 GHz. This industry-leading performance allows for breakthroughs in optical communications research.
Advanced Oscilloscope Technologies enabling Terabit Optical Communications
- 1. Advanced Oscilloscope Technologies Enabling Terabit Optical Communications Daniel J. Ruebusch Product Manager Oscilloscope Products Division Comunicações Opticas 2013 CpQD - Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil May 26, 2013
- 2. Introduction Toward Terabit Optical Communications Ever increasing demand for data Laying new fiber is expensive Parallelism is expensive for long haul communicationsParallelism is expensive for long haul communications additional optical transponder hardware required for each parallel subcarrier The challenge: Higher data rates on fewer subcarriers
- 3. Enabling Optical Comms Breakthroughs! First ever Dual-Carrier 1 Tb/s optical signal 80 Gbaud, PDM-16QAM WDM transmission over 3200 km 1.28 Tb/s nominal data rate 1.049 Tb/s after forward error correction Agilent 90000 Q-Series Agilent 90000 Q-Series G. Raybon, P.J. Winzer, et al. “1-Tb/s Dual-Carrier 80-Gbaud PDM-16QAM WDM Transmission at 5.2 b/s/Hz over 3200 km,” Proceedings of: Photonics Conference (IPC), 2012 IEEE
- 4. Real-Time Oscilloscope Block Diagram Digitize signal: 8 bits typical, up to 160 GSa/s Scale large input voltages to within operating range of scope Amplify/attenuate signal to match dynamic range of ADC Monitor signal for trigger events Circular memory buffer, DSP
- 5. Agilent’s HB2B Process Platform InP DHBT Technology InAlGaAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT Fabricated on InP wafer MBE growth of III-V films 1 um emitter base collector Ft = 200 GHz BVceo = 7 V
- 6. InP DHBT Energy Band Diagram • High frequencies • Reduced E-B junction recombination, reduces noise, especially approaching DC • Improved DC current gain. http://nanoscale.mntl.illinois.edu/Publicatio ns/publications/SSE_v50_p902_2006.pdf
- 7. BVceo versus Ft for Bipolar Technologies BVceo(Volts) UM InP DHBT InP SHBT & GaAs HB2A 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Ft (GHz) BVceo(Volts) NTT Velocium Lucent SFU (Agilent) HB2B HRL TRW NTTSi &SiGe HB2A IBMHitachiIBM • Conexant GCS AG100 A imag em não…
- 8. InP DHBT Chipset in High Bandwidth Oscilloscopes SamplerTriggers Scope front end • Pre-amp • Triggers • Sampler 5-Chip Module Pre-amps High bandwidth probe amps
- 9. 5-chip Module Packaging Lower Quick Film layer Au center conductor Upper Quick Film layer Lid IC Wire bond Au ground plane AlN Au ground plane AlN Heat spreader Microcircuit cross-section Agilent proprietary Quick Film: thick film insulator processing technology AlN substrate for thermal performance Packaging optimized for low loss, high bandwidth analog signal transmission
- 10. Quasi-Coax Transmission Lines on AlN Au ground plane Lower Quick Film layer Au fine-line center conductorUpper Quick Film layer AlN Heat spreader Routing high speed analog signals between InP chips in 5-chip module
- 11. Die Cavities and Signal Paths Pre-amp SamplerPre-amp Sampler Quasi-coax routing differential sample clock to sampler chip
- 12. 5-Chip Module Drives 80 GSa/s ADC Diagram shows interleaving of 80 250 MSa/s slices to create 20 GSa/s A/D 4 x 20 GSa/s A/Ds interleaved to achieve 80 GSa/s sample rate Years of expertise in massively parallel interleaved A/D converters to achieve ultra-high sample rates Others have turned to this approach in recent years as the best method to achieve ultra-high sample rates
- 13. Agilent’s Ultra-high Sample Rate A/D Converter
- 14. Advanced Techniques: RealEdge Technology Agilent’s RealEdge technology enables signal acquisition at 160 GSa/s and 63 GHz of real time bandwidth. High bandwidth and sample rate without a signal integrity penalty. Expertise in microwave technology enables a higher performance, lower noise, and highly integrated system architecture. Approaches the ideal!
- 15. Advanced Techniques: Sine wave calibration Typically, the penalty for massively parallel A/Ds is interleaving spurs and reduced SFDR Agilent has dramatically reduced this problem using a new sine wave calibration technique for high bandwidth oscilloscopes >12 dB improvement in SFDR Agilent’s InfiniiView offline analysis and collaboration Before SFDR = 37 dBc After SFDR = 49 dBc collaboration software
- 16. Agilent’s 90000 Q-series Oscilloscope Real-time Bandwidth: 4 channels @ 33 GHz, 2 channels @ 63 GHz Differentiating Technology…Differentiating Technology… InP Chipset Calibration ICCalibration IC Trigger ICTrigger IC ADC AmpADC Amp Input PreampInput Preamp Sampling DeMuxSampling DeMux Probe AmpProbe Amp 5-chip Module Acquisition Board Differentiating Technology… • High bandwidth InP chipset in Agilent’s proprietary “HB2B Process” • Proprietary epitaxial material • Packaged in Agilent’s proprietary “QuickFilm” modules Enables Differentiating Performance… • Analog bandwidth to 63 GHz • Industry leading low-noise and superior signal integrity Differentiating Technology… • High bandwidth InP chipset in Agilent’s proprietary “HB2B Process” • Proprietary epitaxial material • Packaged in Agilent’s proprietary “QuickFilm” modules Enables Differentiating Performance… • Analog bandwidth to 63 GHz • Industry leading low-noise and superior signal integrity RealEdge Technology
- 17. Acquire time-synchronized data on multiple channels across multiple oscilloscopes simultaneously Using Agilent’s Tango software, you can tie multiple 90000 Q-Series oscilloscopes together Inter-scope skew of less than 0.5 ps Inter-Scope Deskew for Expanded Channel Density Inter-scope skew of less than 0.5 ps
- 18. Conclusion The challenges of developing terabit optical communications demand extreme ADC performance, found in real-time oscilloscopes. State-of-the-art oscilloscope technologies and performance enable breakthroughs in opticalperformance enable breakthroughs in optical communications research
- 19. Thank You!
- 20. Support Slides
- 21. Agilent’s Oscilloscope Portfolio Real-time Bandwidth from 50 MHz to 63 GHz 10,60% 3,50%2,00% 4,00% 6,00% 8,00% 10,00% 12,00% Oscilloscope Market Growth Source: Prime Data (2002-2010) CAGR* 0,00% Agilent Oscilloscope Market Handheld U1600B USB U2700 2000X DSO/MSO 3000X DSO/MSO 6000A DSO/MSO 4000X DSO/MSO 9000A DSO/MSO 90000A DSO/DSA 90000X DSO/DSA 90000Q DSO/DSA InfiniiVision Series Infiniium SeriesEntry
- 22. Agilent Infiniium Series Oscilloscopes 9000A Series 600 MHz – 4 GHz 90000Q Series 20 GHz – 63 GHz 90000X Series 13 GHz – 33 GHz 90000A Series 2.5 GHz – 13 GHz • 4 channels of up to 33 GHz 2 channels of up to 63 GHz • Mixed signal oscilloscope models available • Low noise/jitter • 40 GSa/s on 4 • 4 channels @ 16 GHz, 2 channels of up to 33 GHz GHz • 160 GSa/s on RealEdge channels, 80 GSa/s on 33 GHz channels • Industry’s lowest noise • 75 fs jitter floor • 15.4” display • InfiniiMax III probing (up to 30 GHz) • 20 Gsa/s on 2 channels, 10 Gsa/s on 4 channels • Industry leading update rate in its class • 12 bit High Res Mode • 15.4” display • InfiniiMax I/II probing channels • Fast data offload through PCIe Interconnect (N4866A) • 1 Mpts max memory depth per channel • 12.1” display • InfiniiMax I/II probing • 80 GSa/s on 2 channels, 40 GSa/s on 4 channels • Industry’s lowest noise • 150 fs jitter floor • 12.1” display • InfiniiMax III probing (up to 30 GHz)
- 23. InfiniiVisionInfiniiVision 40004000 XX--SeriesSeries ScopesScopes The OscilloscopeThe Oscilloscope ExperienceExperience RedefinedRedefined Experience theExperience the UsabilityUsability Experience theExperience the SpeedSpeed ••1,000,000 wfm/s1,000,000 wfm/s ••MegaMegaZoomZoom IVIV smart memorysmart memory ••200 MHz200 MHz -- 1.5 GHz bandwidth1.5 GHz bandwidth No otherNo other sscopecope ccanan ttouch itouch it.. But youBut you ccan.an. ••InfiniiScan Zone touch triggerInfiniiScan Zone touch trigger ••Designed for touch interfaceDesigned for touch interface (12.1in)(12.1in)Experience theExperience the IntegrationIntegration ••55--inin--1 instrument now with:1 instrument now with: ••DualDual--channel AWGchannel AWG ••USB serialUSB serial analysisanalysis ••Fully upgradableFully upgradable
- 24. Benefits of Agilent Scopes to Advanced Physics Research • Industry’s Best Signal Integrity • Up to 63 GHz Bandwidth • High Channel Density • Calibration Edge Generation • Infiniium 9000 H Series - 12 bit, High Resolution Real-time Oscilloscope • Fast Data Offload• Fast Data Offload • Offline Analysis and Documentation with InfiniiView • Frequency Domain Analysis • Matlab Integration / User Defined Function • Measurement Automation – User Defined Application • Industry’s Deepest Memory Depth • Segmented Memory
- 25. Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Industry‘s Best Signal Integrity – Benefit: Acquire accurate data and minimize your scope‘s impact on your acquisitions/measurements Lowest Noise Lowest Jitter Highest ENOB Best SFDR
- 26. Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Industry‘s Best Signal Integrity (continued ...) – Benefit: Acquire accurate data and minimize your scope‘s impact on your acquisitions/measurements Lowest Noise Consistently getting low jitter measurements, even as memory depths increase is the long term jitter. Lowest Jitter Highest ENOB Best SFDR the long term jitter. Notice that the 90000 X-Series (blue) has SIGNIFICANTLY better long term jitter than the LeCroy WaveMaster 8Zi Agilent Q-Series: 75 fs jitter floor Agilent X-Series: 150 fs jitter floor LeCroy 8Zi: LeCroy specs a jitter measurement floor of 125 fs; however, due to their noise they only can achieve this at the very fastest rise time settings.. Typically they will be > 300 fs.
- 27. Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Industry‘s Best Signal Integrity (continued ...) – Benefit: Acquire accurate data and minimize your scope‘s impact on your acquisitions/measurements Lowest Noise 6,5 7 Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) Lowest Jitter Highest ENOB Best SFDR 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 DSO91604 DSO92004 DSO92504 DSO93304 91304A
- 28. Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Industry‘s Best Signal Integrity (continued ...) – Benefit: Acquire accurate data and minimize your scope‘s impact on your acquisitions/measurements Lowest Noise Lowest Jitter Highest ENOB Best SFDR
- 29. Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Up to 63 GHz of Bandwidth – Benefit: Capture extremely fast signals Capture rise times as fast as 5 ps and data rates as fast as 120 Gbit/s Ensures you do not miss valuable harmonic content Purchase lower BW models now to match your budget and then upgrade to a higher BW at a later date (all scope families have BW upgrades available)
- 30. High Channel Density – 90008A Series – Benefit: Minimize rack space by having eight channels housed within one oscilloscope frame Houses eight 40 GSa/s ADCs and two CPUs in a 7U high package Available in 8, 12, or 13 GHz models Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Available in 8, 12, or 13 GHz models Certified with Citrix Corporation for full operation without hard drive
- 31. N2806A Calibration Pulse Generator – Benefit: Make step response measurements and calibrate measurement systems and equipment to > 63GHz bandwidth World’s fastest pulse generator with sub-7 ps fall times and sub-9 ps rise times. Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Fully differential on 2 RF outputs. Access the rising edge and corresponding falling edge simultaneously for differential step response measurements.
- 32. N2806A Calibration Pulse Generator (continued...) – Benefit: Calibrate and correct for cable/fixture insertion loss up to 63 GHz with Agilent‘s PrecisionProbe Advanced Kit (N2807A) N2807A Kit includes the N2806A calibration pulse generator Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Characterization and Correction toand Correction to 63 GHz Saves S21 of tested cable or device N2806A included in N2807A PrecisionProbe Advanced Kit
- 33. Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Infiniium 9000 H Series – 12 bits of resolution – Benefit: 3x less noise, 16x more resolution to view/analyze small signals and fine details See Your Signals in HD See this …..… instead of this
- 34. Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Front-end Noise Signal (DUT) Hypersampling / Linear Noise Reduction “Hypersamples” (up to 16X per group) HW-based linear averaging of each group Scope display Store to acquisition memory Scope stores group average to memory
- 35. Fast Data Offload – Benefit: Many researchers want to acquire data with their scope and then offload it as fast as possible for post-acquisition analysis/viewing Agilent recently developed new data offload optimization software to significantly increase the speed at which our scopes offload data Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research significantly increase the speed at which our scopes offload data (example on next slide) To further enhance the speed of data offload, a removable SSD is available
- 36. Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Fast Data Offload (continued...) Example Using the New Optimization Software and a SSD Setup: 20 GSa/s, 1 kpts of memory, 4 channels simultaneously coming from a photodiode of an optical reciever. SSD installed and new data offload 200 250 LeCroy 6Zi SSD installed and new data offload optimization program used. Results: Achieved average of 1000 acquisitions in 4-5 seconds with peak at 450-500 Hz This average is 4-5 times faster than leading competitor 0 50 100 150 acquisitions/sec Agilent 90000 X- Series Agilent 90000 X- Series with SSD and data offload optimization
- 37. Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Fast Data Offload (continued...) N4866A PCIe High Speed Interconnect Available for 90000A and 90000 X-Series oscilloscopes Up to 96 MB/sec transfer rateUp to 96 MB/sec transfer rate Fiber optic cabling up to 10 meters As low as 1.4 µs latency
- 38. Collaboration and Documentation – N8900A InfiniiView – Benefit: View/analyze data offline on your PC/laptop and easily document waveforms using InfiniiView software Easily share data between colleagues – send them your waveform and InfiniiView license Bookmarks and annotations can be pinned to certain locations on the Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Bookmarks and annotations can be pinned to certain locations on the waveform so others can see your comments and analysis Free up the scope for data collection while you analyze offline
- 39. Collaboration and Documentation – N8900A InfiniiView Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research
- 40. Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Frequency Domain Analysis – VSA Software – Benefit: Analyze signals in the frequency domain to extract additional information. Some FFT capabilities are available natively on the scope / InfiniiView 89601B VSA (Vector Signal Analzer) software provides more advanced FFT analysis capabilities – Measure and analyze signal’s frequency, time, and modulationfrequency, time, and modulation characteristics – Capture and play back signals – Arbitrary arrangement, sizing, and measurement assignment of unlimited simultaneous displays, each with unlimited markers – Quantify spectral performance with high-resolution FFT-based measurements and a rich set of markers.
- 41. Matlab Integration – Benefit: After acquiring data with the scope and offloading it, use Matlab to seamlessly analyze/visualize the data Matlab can be fully integrated with Agilent oscilloscopes Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research • Use MATLAB to configure and control the oscilloscope. • Acquire oscilloscope data directly into the MATLAB environment. • Interactively analyze and visualize the data to gain insight into your design or test Matlab support from both Agilent and The Mathworks
- 42. Matlab Integration (continued...) – User Defined Function Do you want to add custom math functions to the Math menu on your Infiniium Oscilloscope? Agilent and MathWorks teamed up to create a custom development environment using Infiniium Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research environment using Infiniium oscilloscopes and MATLAB to address unique and special measurement needs
- 43. Measurement Automation – N5467A User Defined Application – Benefit: Automate scope measurements and create custom test reports Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Automate any measurement on your Infiniium real-time oscilloscope Generate your own customized GUI and test reports with minimal effort Ability to control other Agilent instruments, external applications such as MATLAB, and/or your DUT software. Create a script from VBA or C# and then execute it into the UDA application. This allows you to add customizable consoles.
- 44. Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Industry‘s Deepest Memory – Benefits: Acquire more data per acquisition (time span captured = memory depth x 1/sample rate), maintain faster sample rate and effective bandwidth as timebase is slowed, and get better measurement/analysis results when needed. Agilent Scope Model Standard Memory Depth Maximum Memory Depth Competitor’s Maximum MemoryScope Model Depth Depth Maximum Memory Depth 90000 Q- Series DSO models: 20 MPts DSA models: 50 Mpts 2 Gpts 1 Gpts 90000 X- Series DSO models: 20 MPts DSA models: 50 Mpts 2 Gpts 768 Mpts 90000 A- Series DSO models: 20 MPts DSA models: 50 Mpts 1 Gpts 768 Mpts 9000 Series 20 MPts 500 Mpts 64 Mpts
- 45. Segmented Memory – Benefit: Useful acquisition mode for bursts/pulses that have events of interest separated by long periods of dead time. Scope’s memory is divided into segments. When trigger event occurs, the scope captures the data for the first segment and stops once the first segment’s memory is filled. Then the scope waits for the next trigger Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research event and repeats for subsequent segments. Capture only the portion of the waveform that is of interest. Sample at a very high sample rate.
- 46. Segmented Memory (continued...) Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research Navigation controls to step throughto step through each segment after acquisition
- 47. Oscilloscopes Presentation Outline • Recent Agilent Oscilloscope Technology Advancements • Agilent Infiniium Series Oscilloscope Portfolio • Benefits of Agilent Scopes to Advanced Physics Research • Case Studies / Applications
- 48. Capturing Pulses Inside an Accelerator Ring Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany) Wanted to capture pulses inside their accelerator ring in order to improve detectors Had been searching for a solution for a while. Finally, with the 63 GHz Q-Series, they were able to accomplish their goal – capture the ~7.7 ps edge. Peer-Reviewed Article on Results: “Real-time Measurement of Picosecond THz Pulses by an Ultra-Fast YBa2Cu3O7-d Detection System” P. Thoma, A. Scheuring, M Hofherr, W. Wunsch, K. Il’in; Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 142601 (2012).
- 49. Precise high velocity measurements using doppler shifted light Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) Use array of lasers and detectors to digitize doppler shifted light 3D time evolution of event velocities Need oscilloscopes with enough bandwidth to measure velocities >20 km/s (~1.3GHz required per km/s) Requires deep memory, low noise, and high ENOB to enable time and frequency division multiplexing Many publications, such as: “Photonic doppler velocimetry in shock physics experiments,” P. Mercier, J. Benier, A. Azzolina, J.M. Lagrange and D. Partouche, J. Phys. IV France, vol. 134, 805-812, August 2006
- 50. Hot Plasma Temperature Measurements Improve measurement of spatial distribution of temperature by characterizing Thompson scattering A powerful diagnostic method to measure the temperature of hot plasma in applications such as Tokamak reactors is to scatter electromagnetic radiation from the plasma. This method is attractive because it does not disturb the process in the reactor and can also determine detailed information about the distribution function of electrons and ions in the plasma.electrons and ions in the plasma. Value Proposition – What do these researchers care about and how can Agilent oscilloscopes help? • High signal integrity / high fidelity measurements • High channel density • > 4 synchronized channels • Fast data transfer
- 51. 90000 Q-Series Scope and N2806A Pulse Generator to Calibrate and Align Measurement System Measurement System Calibration Extend oscilloscope calibration out to the end of cables and fixtures to measure your critical signals at their source Remove loss and phase distortions in your measurement systemyour measurement system Perform high bandwidth single ended or differential step response measurements De-skew multiple signal paths for accurately time-aligned measurements
- 52. Positioning Various Solutions Infiniium Oscilloscopes 250 MHz to 63 GHz Additional front-end flexibility Built-in Apps Probing BW Agilent M9703A Digitizers Lower Bandwidth (1GHz) Higher Resolution (12 bits) Optimized for viewing and analysis on the instrument Optimized for fast offload speeds BW