Flexible Optical Transmission
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This document summarizes research presented at an optical technologies workshop on flexible optical transmission. It describes work done by CPqD, a Brazilian optical technologies company, on developing components and systems for 100G, 200G, and 400G optical transmission over long-haul, metro, and data center interconnect distances. This includes polymer-based transmitters for 100G and 200G coherent modules, spectrally-sliced receivers to enable 400G transmission, and achieving transmission distances of over 1500km for 400G using these techniques.
![CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved
Experimental Setup
• 56-GBd PAM4 using Thin-Film Polymer on Silicon (by
BrP) with 50-GHz+ EO bandwidth
• WDM with 40 channels at 100 GHz
• Unrepeated transmission over 140 km with DCF
56 Gb/s
PPG
14 GHz
PRBS 6 dB
64 GSa/s
DAC
MZM
LiNbO3
MZM
1544.92 nm
Thin-Film
Polymer on Si
Delay
RF
PRBS
RF
Driver
λ1
λ2
λ39
100GHz
160 GSa/s
Scope
Off-line
DSP
DCF
SSMF
70-GHz
Photodiode
65 GHz
VOA
40-GHz
RF Combiner
Drivers
56-GBd PAM
Transmitter
WDM 40×112 Gb/s
56-GBd PAM
Receiver
TDCM
100GHz
70%30%
Frequency [GHz]
10 20 30 40 50 60
|S21
|2
[dB]
-15
-12
-9
-6
-3
0
TFPS
LiNbO3
X: 50.47
Y: -3.03
X: 28.66
Y: -3.058
TFPS-MZM
Diagram
Package
Die
A. Chiuchiarelli et al “50-GHz+ Thin-Film Polymer on Silicon Modulator for PAM4 100G-per-wavelength Long-Reach Data Center Interconnects” sub. ECOC
2016.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/20160523jacklyngto4011wton18052016vpublica-160609134847/85/Flexible-Optical-Transmission-27-320.jpg)
Flexible Optical Transmission
- 1. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved V International Workshop on Trends in Optical Technologies 18/05/2015 Flexible Optical Transmission Jacklyn D. Reis, PhD CPqD, Division of Optical Technologies, Campinas – SP, Brazil
- 2. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Team - Optical Transmission - Andrea Chiuchiarelli Sandro Marcelo Rossi Gabriel Suzigan Daniel Moutinho Pataca - Optical Subsystems - João Januário Heitor Carvalho Fábio Donati Simões - Digital Signal Processing - Eduardo de Souza Rosa Stenio Magalhães Ranzini Valery Nobl Rozental Victor Emanuel Saraiva Parahyba Glauco César C. Pereira Simões - Channel Coding - André Nunes Alexandre Felipe José Hélio Jr. Supporters and Partners
- 3. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Division of Optical Technologies at CPqD Optical Technologies Transmission and Networks Product Technologies Microelectronics Integrated Photonics Transmission DSP DCI Amplification ROADM Networks Hardware Software Firmware Tests Mechanics Requirements Front End Back End Design Alignment Packaging Systems S Y S T E M S D E V I C E STransport
- 4. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Optical Systems Access Next 5 years 1 Gb/s per user at ~60 km Interconnection (DCI) Next 2 years 100 Gb/s per lane, up to 80 km Next 5 years 400 Gb/s multi-lane, ~80 km Metropolitan Next 5 years Flexible 100/200/250/400/500 Gb/s WDM (50/100 GHz / Flexi 75 GHz*), ~600 km Long-Haul: Next 5 years Flexible 100/200/250/400/500 Gb/s WDM (100 GHz / Flexi 75 GHz*), ~2000 km OIF IEEE OIF/ITU
- 5. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Optical Subsystems Optical Amplification (EDFA, Raman, Hybrid) Optical Routing (ROADM) Monitoring/Control (OTDR, Power)
- 6. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Line Interfaces Data Transmission Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Channel Coding (FEC) Photonic Devices / ASIC Design
- 7. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Outline • Long-Haul • 100G/200G TOSA • 400G Flex • Metro • 400G unrepeated • DCI • 100G-PAM4
- 8. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Long-Haul 100G/200G Integrated Devices for Coherent Modules (ACO/DCO) J.D. Reis, A. Chiuchiarelli, S. Rossi, G.J. Suzigan, S.M. Ranzini, V.N. Rozental, E.S. Rosa, V.R. Cruz, L.H. Carvalho (BrP), J.C. Oliveira (BrP), and J. Oliveira “System Validation of Polymer-based Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly for 100G/200G Modules,”. OFC 2016
- 9. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Line Interfaces: Coherent System application: Metro/LH/DCI • Performance↑↑↑, Volume↑↑, Power↓↓, Price↓ CFP CFP2 CFP4 CFP8 • Digital coherent modules to analog coherent modules Faceplate density maximized when high power electronics are removed from optical modules • OIF-CFP2-ACO-01.0 • New projects motivated by the OIF-Tech-Options-400G-01.0 • Flex Coherent DWDM Transmission (100/200/400G/λ), High-bandwidth PMQ/ICR (400G/λ), CFP8-ACO (new, 400G/λ) • Integrated photonic devices are key to minimize the module size and power consumption
- 10. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Experimental Setup Transmitter • 28-nm ASIC (CL20010) for 32 GBd QPSK/16QAM (100G/200G) (SD-FEC: BER=2.4x10-2) • Test channel at 193.4 THz • TOSA (~23 GHz) by BrPHOTONICS or a LiNbO3 DP-IQM (~30 GHz) • Nyquist WDM (0.1 roll-off): 20x 32 GBd spaced by 37.5 GHz (Tunable ECL~100 kHz) • Spectral Efficiency: 2.66 (100G) and 5.33 (200G) bit/s/Hz J.D. Reis et al, “System Validation of Polymer-based Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly for 100G/200G Modules,”. OFC 2016
- 11. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Experimental Setup Channel • Recirculating loop with 5x50-km fiber (Corning Vascade EX2000: 112 μm2, 0.16 dB/km, 20 ps/nm/km) • EDFA (6dB-noise figure) only Receiver • Intradyne Coherent Receiver: 40-GHz BPD + 80-GSa/s@35 GHz • Off-line DSP: resampling, CD comp., DD-LMS, clock/timing recovery, carrier estimation, error counting J.D. Reis et al, “System Validation of Polymer-based Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly for 100G/200G Modules,”. OFC 2016
- 12. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Experimental Results Back-to-back: 100G • No observable penalty between TOSA and LiNbO3 in 100G-QPSK • 1 dB penalty between single channel to WDM J.D. Reis et al, “System Validation of Polymer-based Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly for 100G/200G Modules,”. OFC 2016
- 13. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Experimental Results Back-to-Back: 200G • ~1 dB penalty between the TOSA and LiNbO3 • SD-FEC • TOSA: OSNR~19.5 dB • LiNbO3: OSNR~18.5 dB • BER floor in WDM • TOSA: ~6x10-4 • LiNbO3: ~2x10-4 • Carrier board • EO~11 GHz J.D. Reis et al, “System Validation of Polymer-based Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly for 100G/200G Modules,”. OFC 2016
- 14. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Experimental Results Transmission results at the optimal launch power • TFPS-based ≈ LiNbO3 • Single-channel: ~7500 km • Nyquist WDM: ~7000 km J.D. Reis et al, “System Validation of Polymer-based Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly for 100G/200G Modules,”. OFC 2016
- 15. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Experimental Results Transmission results at the optimal launch power • LiNbO3-based: ~1900 km • TPFS-based TOSA: ~1600 km J.D. Reis et al, “System Validation of Polymer-based Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly for 100G/200G Modules,”. OFC 2016
- 16. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Long-Haul 400G 400G Single-Carrier using Spectrally-Sliced Receiver S. Rossi, A. Souza, A. Chiuchiarelli, V. N. Rozental, E.S. Rosa, T. Lima, T. Piven, R. Vincentini (Keysight), J. Oliveira, and J.D. Reis,“20 x 448 Gb/s 56-GBd PM-16QAM Transmission with Wideband and Spectrally-Sliced Receivers,” OFC 2016
- 17. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved • Several receiver optical front-ends with narrower bandwidth balanced detectors and TIAs • Several ADCs with slower sampling rate, lower bandwidth, but enhanced ENOB; • N. K. Fontaine, et al. , Nature Photon., Vol. 4, No. 4, pp.248-254, 2010. • Efficient DSPs based on MIMO processing for signal merging and polarization demultiplexing • J. Diniz et al., “Digital Signal Processing for Spectrally-Sliced Coherent Optical Receivers” Proc. ECOC, Paper P3.18, 2015. Spectrally-Sliced Receiver PolMux 90° Hybrid PolMux 90° Hybrid PolMux 90° Hybrid A W G Optical Comb Generator Signal f-Δf f f+Δf f ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC D S P A W G CD Comp. CD Comp. CD Comp. CD Comp. CD Estim. Delay Delay Upsam- pling Anti- Aliasing Anti- Aliasing Anti- Aliasing Anti- Aliasing Upsam- pling Upsam- pling Upsam- pling Freq. Shift Freq. Shift Freq. Shift Freq. Shift Carrier Recov. Carrier Recov. Clock Rec. Clock Rec. HY1X HX2X HY2X HX1Y HX1X HY1Y HX2Y HY2Y Σ Σ Optical Front- End + ADC Optical Front- End + ADC f-Δf/2 Output Pol. X Output Pol. Y f f f+Δf/2 0 0 0 0 0 0 -Δf/2 Δf/2 4×2 Complex MIMO Equalizer 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Theoretical Experimental B2B FEC limit, BER = 2×10-2 FEC limit, BER = 4.5×10-3 2.5 dB 2.2 dB ≈17.5 dB OSNR @ 0.1nm res. (dB) BER Back-to-Back BER versus OSNR
- 18. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Experimental Setup Transmitter • 20x 100-kHz C-band tunable spaced by 75 GHz • Keysight M8195A • 64 GSa/s with 20 GHz (8-bit resolution) • 0.1-roll-off RC at 56 GBd • 1.14 Sample per symbol • 56-GBd Nyquist DP-16QAM • 448 Gb/s per λ • Fiber Transmission • 5x 50 km recirculating loop • Corning Vascade EX2000 • 112 μm2, 0.16 dB/km, 20.5 ps/nm/km • EDFA only • 6-dB NF • Receiver • Wideband Rx • 100-kHz ECL Local Oscillator • 40 GHz BPD + 80- GSa/s@35GHz scopes • Spectrally-sliced Rx • 14-GHz Clock + MZM +POF Local Oscillator • 2x 20-GHz ICRs + 2x 40- GSa/s@16GHz scopes S. Rossi et al “20 x 448 Gb/s 56-GBd PM-16QAM Transmission with Wideband and Spectrally-Sliced Receivers,” OFC 2016
- 19. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved 4x2 MIMO Equalization Efficient DSP for Spectrally-Sliced Receiver: 40+40 GSa/s • CD Estimation and Compensation • Resampling from 40 GSa/s to 112 GSa/s (2 SpS) • Low-pass filtering at Rs/2 • Frequency offset correction + time delays for CD slope • Complex 4x2 MIMO (40 taps) • Carrier recovery (frequency/phase) • 4x2 Post MIMO at symbol rate (25 taps) S. Rossi et al “20 x 448 Gb/s 56-GBd PM-16QAM Transmission with Wideband and Spectrally-Sliced Receivers,” OFC 2016
- 20. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Experimental Results HD-FEC Q2≈8.7 dB SD-FEC Q2≈5.9 dB • Wideband • 3 dB penalty • Spectrally-sliced • 4 dB penalty No penalty between single channel and flexible 75 GHz WDM OSNR (dB) 20 25 30 35 40 Q2 Factor(dB) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Theoretical Spectrally-Sliced Single Channel Spectrally-Sliced WDM Wideband Single Channel Wideband WDM BER = 3.8x10-3 BER = 2.4x10-2 OSNR (dB) 20 25 30 35 40 Q2 Factor(dB) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Theoretical Spectrally-Sliced Single Channel Spectrally-Sliced WDM Wideband Single Channel Wideband WDM BER = 3.8x10-3 BER = 2.4x10-2 OSNR (dB) 20 25 30 35 40 Q2 Factor(dB) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Theoretical Spectrally-Sliced Single Channel Spectrally-Sliced WDM Wideband Single Channel Wideband WDM BER = 3.8x10-3 BER = 2.4x10-2 S. Rossi et al “20 x 448 Gb/s 56-GBd PM-16QAM Transmission with Wideband and Spectrally-Sliced Receivers,” OFC 2016
- 21. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Experimental Results Q2 versus Distance Optimal launch power • 1 dBm in single channel • Spectrally-sliced • ~1850 km • Wideband • ~2150 km • 0 dBm in WDM • Spectrally-sliced • ~1600 km • Wideband • ~1800 km Transmission Distance (km) 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Q2 Factor(dB) 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 Spectrally-Sliced Single Channel Spectrally-Sliced WDM Wideband Single Channel Wideband WDM BER = 2.4x10-2 Transmission Distance (km) 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Q2 Factor(dB) 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 Spectrally-Sliced Single Channel Spectrally-Sliced WDM Wideband Single Channel Wideband WDM BER = 2.4x10-2 Transmission Distance (km) 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Q2 Factor(dB) 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 Spectrally-Sliced Single Channel Spectrally-Sliced WDM Wideband Single Channel Wideband WDM BER = 2.4x10-2 Transmission Distance (km) 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Q2 Factor(dB) 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 Spectrally-Sliced Single Channel Spectrally-Sliced WDM Wideband Single Channel Wideband WDM BER = 2.4x10-2 S. Rossi et al “20 x 448 Gb/s 56-GBd PM-16QAM Transmission with Wideband and Spectrally-Sliced Receivers,” OFC 2016
- 22. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved • Efficient DSPs based on MIMO processing for signal merging and polarization demultiplexing ECOC 2015 • 20 x 448 Gb/s 56-GBd PM-16QAM Transmission with Wideband and Spectrally-Sliced Receivers OFC 2016 • Time Recovery and NL compensation schemes when using MIMO? ECOC 2016 • Time Recovery for Spectrally-Sliced Optical Receivers • Digital Nonlinear Compensation for Spectrally-Sliced Optical Receivers with MIMO Signal Reconstruction Spectrally-Sliced Receiver
- 23. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Unrepeated 400G 40x100G-PAM4 at 140 km J.C.S.S. Januário, S.M. Rossi, S.M. Ranzini, V.E. Parahyba, V.N. Rozental, A.L.N. Souza, A.C. Bordonalli, J.R.F. Oliveira, J.D. Reis, “Unrepeatered Transmission of 10400G over 370 km via Amplification Map Optimization”, PTL 2016.
- 24. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Experimental Setup • 10x 400G (2x200G-16QAM) at 75 GHz over 370 km • Tx 32 GBd – 16QAM per lambda • Rx 2x32 GBd – 16QAM super receiver • Amplification optimized maps • EDFA / Raman / ROPA • Transmission link • Corning Vascade EX2000/EX3000 • 110/140 um2, ~0.169 dB/km, ~21 ps/nm/km • Corning SMF28-LL • 80 um2, ~0.188 dB/km, ~17 ps/nm/km J.C.S.S. Januário et al “Unrepeatered Transmission of 10400G over 370 km via Amplification Map Optimization”, PTL 2016.
- 25. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Data Center Interconnect 40x100G-PAM4 at 140 km A. Chiuchiarelli, S.M. Rossi, V.N. Rozental, G.C.C.P. Simões, L.H.H. Carvalho, J.C.R.F. Oliveira, J.R.F. Oliveira, J.D. Reis, “50-GHz+ Thin-Film Polymer on Silicon Modulator for PAM4 100G-per-wavelength Long-Reach Data Center Interconnects,” sub. ECOC 2016.
- 26. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Line Interfaces: IMDD System application: Metro/DCI • Performance↑, Volume↑↑↑, Power↓↓↓, Price↓↓↓ • CFPx CWDM4 QSFP28 • Servers TOR/LEAF • 10G25G50G100G, 1 m – 20 m • TOR/LEAF Spine • 40G100G200G/400G, 10 m – 2 km • Spine Core • 40G100G200G/400G, 2 km – metro distances Servers TOR/LEAF Spine Core
- 27. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Experimental Setup • 56-GBd PAM4 using Thin-Film Polymer on Silicon (by BrP) with 50-GHz+ EO bandwidth • WDM with 40 channels at 100 GHz • Unrepeated transmission over 140 km with DCF 56 Gb/s PPG 14 GHz PRBS 6 dB 64 GSa/s DAC MZM LiNbO3 MZM 1544.92 nm Thin-Film Polymer on Si Delay RF PRBS RF Driver λ1 λ2 λ39 100GHz 160 GSa/s Scope Off-line DSP DCF SSMF 70-GHz Photodiode 65 GHz VOA 40-GHz RF Combiner Drivers 56-GBd PAM Transmitter WDM 40×112 Gb/s 56-GBd PAM Receiver TDCM 100GHz 70%30% Frequency [GHz] 10 20 30 40 50 60 |S21 |2 [dB] -15 -12 -9 -6 -3 0 TFPS LiNbO3 X: 50.47 Y: -3.03 X: 28.66 Y: -3.058 TFPS-MZM Diagram Package Die A. Chiuchiarelli et al “50-GHz+ Thin-Film Polymer on Silicon Modulator for PAM4 100G-per-wavelength Long-Reach Data Center Interconnects” sub. ECOC 2016.
- 28. CPqD Proprietary & Confidential – All rights reserved Final Remarks • Digital Signal Processing • Multiplexing Techniques • Optical Transmission Technologies • What is next? • More Capacity? • More Flexibility? • Magical devices