Towards Terabit per Second Optical Networking
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This document summarizes the work being done by CPqD towards developing terabit optical networks. It discusses: 1. The evolution of optical transmission rates from 100G to 400G and 1T using technologies like coherent transmission, higher order modulation formats, and carrier aggregation. 2. Advances in optical networking components like amplifiers, ROADMs, and integrated photonics to enable network control and monitoring. 3. Microelectronic developments like high-speed DACs and ASIC DSPs to support coherent transmission systems. 4. Experimental demonstrations and field trials of terabit superchannels using techniques like CO-OFDM, carrier aggregation, and flexible transmitters.
![Transmission Results summary (CPqD)
Bit rate [Gb/s] Modulation Carriers Baud rate [GBd] SE [b/s/Hz] Reach [km] Capacity [Tb/s]
112 PDM-QPSK 1 28 2.1 3200 Long-H
224 PDM-16QAM 1 28 4.2 680 Metro/Long-H
400 PDM-16QAM 4 12.5 6.4 450 Metro/Long-H
448 PDM-16QAM 2 28 5.6 680 Metro/Long-H
450 PDM-QPSK 9 12.5 3.36 3840 Long-H
1120 PDM-16QAM 5 28 6 1000 Long-H
1120 PDM-QPSK 10 28 3.41 450 Metro/Long-H
1150 PDM-QPSK 23 12.5 3.5 4520 Long-H
2250 PDM-QPSK 45 12.5 3.65 338 (GIGA) Metro/Long-H](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iiwton02juliooliveiracpqd27-28maio13-130912140106-phpapp02/85/Towards-Terabit-per-Second-Optical-Networking-18-320.jpg)
Towards Terabit per Second Optical Networking
- 1. Towards Terabit Optical Networks Júlio César R.F. de Oliveira, Ph.D Optical Systems Manager, CPqD
- 2. Summary Optical Transmission – 100G, 400G, ..... , NxTb/s Optical Networking – Amps., ROADMs, Controlability Microelectronics for Coherent Transmission (ASIC DSP/OTN) Integrated Photonics (Modulators, Receivers, Monitors,...) Conclusions
- 3. 28-Gbaud QPSK Modulation Format Number Subcarriers Baud Rate (Gbaud) 2 4 16 14 28 32 1 2 8 10 28-Gbaud 16QAM 100G 28-Gbaud 16QAM 200G 400G 28-Gbaud 16QAM 28-Gbaud QPSK 1T 112 Gb/s QPSK 16QAM 448 Gb/s 16QAM 224 Gb/s 16QAM 1.12 Tb/s Toward Terabit Systems QPSK QPSK 1.12 Tb/s
- 4. 448-Gb/s dual-carrier PDM-16QAM 25GHz 56GHz 112GHz 56GHz 35GHz 25GHz Pre-filtering 35GHz spacing between the two carriers 75GHz Two 50% RZ carriers Occuping a 112 GHz grid Two 50% RZ carriers occuping a 75GHz grid 112GHz Higher performance, spectral efficiency and filtering robustness
- 5. 448-Gb/s dual-carrier PDM-16QAM Higher performance, spectral efficiency and filtering robustness Mux PRBS PDM-QPSK Modulator EDFA 3 dB PBC PDM Emulator Pulse Carver 5x1 Odd 50 km 50 km 50 km 50 km EDFA EDFA EDFA EDFA EDFAEDFA 26 km SW 1 3 dB SW 2 Pol. Div. Hyb. 90° Orthonormalization Deskew PolarizationDemux CarrierRecovery Demodulation Offline DSP WSS (e) LO ClockRecovery SCOPE(40-GS/s) 3 dB Mux PRBS PDM-QPSK Modulator EDFA 3 dB PBC PDM Emulator Pulse Carver 5x1 Even WaveShaper CDCompensation RZ-PDM-16QAM Eye RZ-16QAM Eye (b) Pol. Incidence angle of 26.5° (a) (c) (d) Modulation Format DP-16QAM Carriers 2 Baud rate 28 G SE 5.6 b/s/Hz Grid 75 GHz Reach 678 km
- 6. Optical Superchannel: 1.12-Tb/s 1000 km of optical fiber! Features Baud rate 28 Gb/s Modulation RZ-PDM-16QAM Total bit rate 1 Tb/s Bit rate per carrier 224 Gb/s Carrier spacing 35 GHz Spectral Efficiency 6 b/s/Hz Spectral Occupancy 175 GHz Reach 1000 km Feasible application Metropolitan Networks
- 7. Modulation Format Number Subcarriers Baud Rate (Gbaud) 2 4 16 14 28 32 1 2 8 10 100G 28-Gbaud 16QAM 200G 400G 28-Gbaud 16QAM 1T OFDM has been also investigated… 12.5-Gbaud QPSK 12.5-Gbaud 16QAM Tx Rx Comb Gen. Key-module: Comb Generator Stable Equilized-Power Broadband
- 8. 450 Gb/s CO-OFDM DP-QPSK (9 carriers) Comb-generator After 226km After 2260km After 3840 km Modulation Format DP-QPSK Carriers 9 Baud rate 12.5 G SE ~4 b/s/Hz Grid 112.5 GHz Reach 3840 km
- 9. 400-Gb/s CO-OFDM DP-16QAM (4 carriers) Feedback – comb generator Features Baud rate 12.5 GBd Modulation PDM-16QAM Total bit rate 400-Gb/s Bit rate per carrier 100-Gb/s Carrier spacing 12.5-GHz Spectral Efficiency 6.4 b/s/Hz Spectral Occupancy 62.5-GHz Reach 450 km Feasible application Metropolitan Networks
- 10. Flexible-Transmitter for Terabit applications 3 Carriers Test Features Feasible application Metropolitan Networks Long-Haul Networks Modulation RZ-PDM-16QAM RZ-PDM-QPSK Baud rate 28 Gb/s 28 Gb/s Bit rate per carrier 224 Gb/s 112 Gb/s Total bit rate 672 Gb/s 336 Gb/s Carrier spacing 33.6 GHz 30.8 GHz Spectral Efficiency 6.25 b/s/Hz 3.41 Spectral Occupancy 100.8 GHz 92.4 GHz Reach 900 km 4900 km 3 Carriers Transmission Evaluation -Quasi-Nyquist spacing - Upgradable transmitter; - DSP-Tx free; - Reach adaptable
- 11. Field Trials: Terabit systems Giga Network Setup
- 12. Terabits CO-OFDM DP-QPSK 12.5 GBaud RF Sinusoidal 33 dBm AM PM PM Phase shift Phase shift Phase shift 17 dBm Pol. rotator 12 dBm 27 dBm 27 dBm 15 dBm 2 dBm Flexigrid WSS 12.5 GHz AM: Amplitude Modulator PM: Phase Modulator 23 CO-OFDM Carriers 1551 nm PM EDFA 23 dBm18 dBm Pol. rotator CW Laser RF Sinusoidal 33 dBm AM PM PM Phase shift Phase shift Phase shift 17 dBm Pol. rotato r 12 dBm 27 dBm 27 dBm 15 dBm 12.5 GHz AM: Amplitude Modulator PM: Phase Modulator 1551 nm PM EDFA 23 dBm18 dBm CW Laser Pol. rotator 3 dB 3 dB Flexigrid WSS Flexigrid WSS Pol. rotator Pol. rotator Modulation Format DP-QPSK Subcarriers 23 Baud rate 12.5 G SE 3.5 b/s/Hz Grid 300 GHz Reach 4520 km Modulation Format DP-QPSK Subcarriers 45 Baud rate 12.5 G SE 3.65 b/s/Hz Bandwidth 575 GHz Reach 338 km (GIGA)
- 13. High Speed DAC 34GS/s High Speed DAC 65GS/s Digital (Pre)Filtering
- 14. 34GS/s DAC (N-QAM) - 2012 16-QAM 256-QAM64-QAM QPSK
- 15. 65GS/s DAC (N-QAM) - 2013 QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM
- 16. 65GS/s Nyquist Filtering Results (Preliminar)
- 17. CPqD Coherent Transmission Evolution 100 Gb/s 200 Gb/s 400 Gb/s 1 Tb/s ...2 Tb/s
- 18. Transmission Results summary (CPqD) Bit rate [Gb/s] Modulation Carriers Baud rate [GBd] SE [b/s/Hz] Reach [km] Capacity [Tb/s] 112 PDM-QPSK 1 28 2.1 3200 Long-H 224 PDM-16QAM 1 28 4.2 680 Metro/Long-H 400 PDM-16QAM 4 12.5 6.4 450 Metro/Long-H 448 PDM-16QAM 2 28 5.6 680 Metro/Long-H 450 PDM-QPSK 9 12.5 3.36 3840 Long-H 1120 PDM-16QAM 5 28 6 1000 Long-H 1120 PDM-QPSK 10 28 3.41 450 Metro/Long-H 1150 PDM-QPSK 23 12.5 3.5 4520 Long-H 2250 PDM-QPSK 45 12.5 3.65 338 (GIGA) Metro/Long-H
- 19. 100G Coherent Optical Module
- 20. Network Monitoring Cognitive Management and Control Central Office Understanding the network Adding intelligence to the network
- 21. ... HNLF EDFA/Raman AMP Raman Pump GMPLS Control Plane - Network Registration -Topolgy Discovery - Route wavelength Assingment (RWA); Tx/Rx Degree 1 Degree 2 Degree 3 Degree n ROAD M Tx/Rx ROAD M Read Monitoring Cognitive/Smart Processing Self-Configurable/ Cognitive WDM Network Network actuation TDCM TPMD - Network Monitoring (OLMP): - Input/Output Power - Channel Power - OSNR - BER (Pre and Post FEC) - Chromatic Dispersion - PMD Authonomic Networks
- 22. Optical Networking Testbed (Logical Layer) TODAY • SDN + GMPLS optical network concept • Network monitor/process/control algorithms to enable smart optical network; • Adaptive and cognitive EDFA; • Network Discovery and Abstraction; Further Works • Adaptive and Cognitive ROADMs • Optical Network Auto- Alignment • UNI-C and UNI-N • Automatic Fault Restoration • Fault Prediction • Spectrum defragmentation • Hitless networks • Integration with OTN-S
- 23. Optical Networking Testbed (Physical Layer) Laboratorial Testbed Testbed Topology Developed Line Cards (HW/FW)
- 24. In-Band OSNR Monitor (Pol. Diversity & Interferometric) Filter 50GHz PBS DSP Driver Tx EDFA SMF TAP Rx SMF EDFA τ OSNR Monitor CD = 0 ps/nm & DGD = 0 ps CD = 750 ps/nm & DGD = 45 psECOC2013 Submitted
- 25. Adaptive and Cognitive Optical Network Algorithms Adaptive EDFA (PTL in submission) • EDFA Noise Figure and Flatness operation point optimization on-line Cognitive EDFA without launch power (LP) BER ok ? Cognitive EDFA with launch power (LP) 1 All BER ok ? LP2 = LP1++ END END -2 dBm (16-QAM) 0 dBm (CO-OFDM) 2 dBm (16-QAM) 4 dBm (CO-OFDM) Cognitive EDFA (OFC2013) • Adaptive EDFA + Channels BER history to adjust best launch power (error free for att. 6 dB) Fail OK Fail OK Fail OK Fail OK OK OK OK OK BER reduction ¹Cog. action transient time ² Attenuation event Occur With cog. (new Gains) Without cognition (same gain)¹ ²
- 26. Line card development Optical Amplifiers (Optimized) • EDFA • Raman Amp. • Hybrid Amp. C/L Band Routing and Monitoring • PLC and WSS ROADMs; • Optical Channel Monitoring ; • CDC Multi-Cast-Switch; Tech. Transfer
- 27. 2013 - ASIC DSP
- 28. ASIC DSP - (BPSK/QPSK/16-QAM)
- 29. ASICs DSP – Microelectronic Flow
- 30. Logic Synthesis (Test case 1)
- 31. Physical Synthesis results Test case 1 (auto FP&R)
- 32. ASIC OTN 100G Framer / Deframer OTU-4 Mappers/Demapers (SDH/FC/GbE/OTN) Interface1 Interface2 Mux / Demux FEC EFEC OTN Processor
- 33. ASIC OTN OTN – GbE – SDH – FC OTN 100 Gbit/s
- 34. ASIC OTN
- 35. Integrated Photonics - Chip in fabrication (MPW Si run) - Components and Devices - Coherent DP-QPSK Modulators - Coherent Receivers - OSNR in-band monitor - PSGC (Pol. Splitter) - Grating, resistors, PDs, ...
- 36. Integrated Photonics (PSGC – CPqD Design) Electric Field Amplitude Distribution 60 mm 33 mm
- 38. CPqD Strategy – Towards Terabit Optical Netwoks Design and packaging coherent linecard critical components Cognitive Optical Networks (GMPLS/SDN, Amps, ROADMs, Monitoring) 100 Gb/s 200 Gb/s 400 Gb/s1 Tb/s Coherent transmission evolution towards NxTb/s Focus on INDUSTRY (Products)
- 39. Conclusions - Fast evolution on optical transmission due to coherent, 100G is a reality, 400G will be the next step and 1T technologies are feasible in lab. right now - Coherent evolution demands new technological domain (DSP, microelectronics, integrated photonics) and generates high dependence in transmitters critical components (ASICs, Mod./Rx), that require massive investments, CPqD with governamental and industry support are developing this systems and components to enable the growth of national WDM systems -Optical networks evolution trough Hybrid Amplifiers, ROADMs, Control Plane and Monitoring are under fast development - The evolution of optical communications are critical to world wide interconnect and plays a key social role in any country in the world, this field are under continuous evolution with a fast established cycle between R&D and market, enabling the broadband evolvution in a sustainable way!!!!!!
- 40. Acknowledgements