This document discusses using location bid modifiers in AdWords to improve returns on ad spend (ROAS). It notes that different neighborhoods have different customer conversion rates, but AdWords treats all clicks from a city equally. Precisely adjusting bids by neighborhood can significantly improve ROAS. The company Predicative offers location bid optimization services, using AdWords location bid adjustments to maximize gains in high-ROI areas and improve overall ROAS by 84% for one client.