Aerospace and remote sensing
- 1. TOPIC: AERO-SPACE SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING: APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE, PRESENT STATUS OF REMOTE SENSING IN INDIA. ASSIGNMENT SUBJECT : AGRO-5112 AGRO-METEOROLOGY AND CROP WEATHER FORECASTING. SUBMITTED TO: MISS.RAMANDEEP KAUR SUBMITTED BY: NAME: ADIT SINGLA CLASS: M.Sc. (AGRI.) AGRONOMY UNI. ROLL NO. : 21-M-AGRI-017 BATCH: 2021-23
- 2. Aerospace is a term used to collectively refer to the atmosphere and outer space. Aerospace activity is very diverse, with a multitude of commercial, industrial and military applications. Aerospace Science is the collective name for the various sciences involved in the creation and operation of aircraft. Aerospace Science is descended from nautical science, the science of seagoing vessels, and can be distinguished from astronautical science, which is concerned with spacecraft AERO-SPACE SCIENCE
- 3. Remote sensing provides information about objects at or near the surface of the Earth and atmosphere based on radiation reflected or emitted from those objects. The information is usually captured at a distance from above in the form of image data. Such data allow us to determine the composition and nature of the Earth’s surface and atmosphere from local to global scales, and assess changes by analyzing images captured at different points in time. The most useful electromagnetic radiation in remote sensing includes: Visible Light (VIS), Near Infra Red (NIR) and Short Wave Infra Red (SWIR), To Thermal Infra Red (TIR) and Microwave bands. REMOTE SENSING
- 4. REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENT Remote-sensing instruments are often categorized as having either : Active or Passive Sensors. An Active sensor generates its own signal which is subsequently measured when reflected back by the Earth’s surface. Example: Radar and Lidar. A Passive sensor measures solar energy that is either reflected or emitted from features on the Earth’s surface. Example: Multispectral and Hyper spectral sensors.
- 5. APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING IN AGRICULTURE There are many applications of remote sensing in the agricultural sector. below is a summary of these applications. 1) Crop Production Forecasting: Remote sensing is used to forecast the expected crop production and yield over a given area and determine how much of the crop will be harvested under specific conditions. Researchers can be able to predict the quantity of crop in a given farmland over a given period. 2) Assessment of Crop Damage and Crop Progress: In the event of crop damage or crop progress, remote sensing technology can be used to penetrate the farmland and determine exactly how much of a given crop has been damaged and the progress of the remaining crop in the farm.
- 6. 3) Crop Identification: Remote sensing has played an important role in crop identification especially in cases where the crop under observation shows some mysterious characteristics. The crop data collected will be taken to labs where various aspects of crop including the crop culture are studied 4) Crop Acreage Estimation: Remote sensing has also played a very important role in the estimation of the farmland on which a crop has been planted. This is usually a cumbersome procedure if it is carried out manually because of the vast sizes of the lands being estimated. 5) Crop Yield Modeling and Estimation: Remote sensing also allows farmers and experts to predict the expected crop yield from a given farmland by estimating the quality of the crop and the extent of the farmland. This is then used to determine the overall expected yield of the crop. 6) Identification of Pests and Disease Infestation: Remote sensing technology plays a significant role in identification of pests in farmland and gives data on the right pests control mechanism to get rid of the pests and diseases on the farm. 7) Soil Moisture Estimation: Soil moisture can be difficult to measure without the help of remote sensing technology. Remote sensing gives the soil moisture data and helps in determining the quantity of moisture in the soil and hence the type of crop that can be grown in the soil.
- 7. 8) Soil Mapping: Soil mapping is one of the most common yet most important uses of remote sensing. Through soil mapping, farmers are able to tell which soils are ideal for which crops and which soil require irrigation and which ones do not. This information helps in precision agriculture. 9) Monitoring of Droughts: Remote sensing technology is used to monitor the weather pattern of a given area. The technology also monitors drought patterns of the area too. The information can be used to predict the rainfall patterns of an area and also tell the time difference between the current rainfall and the next rainfall which helps to keep track of the drought. 10) Water Resources Mapping: Remote sensing is instrumental in the mapping of water resources that can be used for agriculture over a given farmland. Through remote sensing, farmers can tell where water resources are available for use over a given land and whether the resources are adequate.
- 8. PRESENT STATUS OF REMOTE SENSING IN INDIA Today, India has the world’s largest constellation of remote sensing satellites in operation which is being extensively used for resource management and integrated planning for national development. ELECTRO OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING PROGRAM OF ISRO
- 9. India's remote sensing program was developed with the idea of applying space technologies for the benefit of humankind and the development of the country. The program involved the development of three principal capabilities. The first was to design, build and launch satellites to a sun synchronous orbit. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) at Dehradun is a premier institute with the objective of capacity building in Remote Sensing and Geo-informatics and their applications through education and training programs at postgraduate level. The IRS-1A satellite, with its LISS-I and LISS-II sensors quickly enabled India to map, monitor and manage its natural resources at coarse and medium spatial resolutions. There are five Regional Remote Sensing Service Centres (RRSSCs)in India. They are located at Bangalore, Jodhpur, Kolkata, Delhi (previously in Dehradun), and Nagpur. All of these are integrated with National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) located in Hyderabad.
- 10. CONCLUSION Remote sensing technique is widely used to protect and preserve the environment by providing information that may be used in decision making to save the environment. Sensors can detect the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation.