use in remote sensing in agriculture
- 1. Credit Seminar Use of Remote Sensing In Agriculture HENA PARVEEN M. Sc (Ag), 3rd SAMESTER Department of Soil Science Rajendra Agricultual University, Pusa Samastipur, BIHAR
- 2. Outline of Presentation Remote Sensing and its principle Land use planning Soil monitoring Crop monitoring and Damage assessment Precision farming Thematic map
- 3. REMOTE SENSING Remote sensing is a method for getting information about different objects on the planet, without any physical contacts with it. Image Source: cimss.ssec.wisc.edu
- 4. GIS GIS is a computer based tool for mapping and analysing things that exist and events that happen on earth. GIS operation requires two things – Computer system and Geographic data. Traditional GIS New GIS COMPUTER PLOTTER MAP TYPEWRITER
- 5. GPS GPS is a space-based satellite navigation system. Provides location in term of Longitudinal, Latitudinal, Altitudinal and time information in all weather condition, anywhere on or near the Earth.
- 6. How remote sensing satellites work Scientists have developed sensors and cameras which can detect and record the energy transmitted from the surface of the earth. These cameras and sensors are placed aboard earth- orbiting satellites that record and transmit the data to receiving stations on the earth in digital form. Technologists use computers and other devices to produce images that can be analysed and interpreted to obtain meaningful information on conditions on the earth.
- 8. Energy Source or Illumination(A) Radiation and the Atmosphere(B) Interaction with the Target (C) Recording of Energy by the Sensor (D) Transmission, Reception, and Processing (E) Interpretation and Analysis (F) Application (G Elements of Remote Sensing
- 9. Spectral signatures According to the physics of remote sensing , different surface object return different amount of energy in different wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum . Detection and measurements of these energy called spectral signature enable identification of surface objects both from the airborne and from the spaceborne.
- 10. Airborne vs Ground-based platforms: Satellite and airborne platforms offer opportunities for rapid collection of data over large areas but not beyond surface soil horizons. Ground-based sensors on vehicles can provide more information about the full soil profile.
- 12. Land Use Land cover means any surface cover on the ground which can include vegetation, urban infrastructure, water, lake, mountain, transportation networks, buildings or any other. The attributes measured by remote sensing techniques relate to land cover.
- 13. Land use / Land cover Mapping SCOPE • Monitoring dynamic changes • Urban/Rural infrastructure • Water logging & salinity BENEFITS • Assessment of spatial distribution of land resources • Infrastructure monitoring • Future planning for better land management for socio- economic development
- 14. Generated land use map using GIS technique which correlated with statistics of India and Punjab . Area under broad land use/land cover categories CATEGORY INDIA PUNJAB AREA IN ( ha) % TGA AREA IN (ha) % TGA Built up land 1,39,13,772 4.34 3,88,734 7.72 Agricultural land 16,52,44,359 51.58 39,33,383 78.10 Forests 6,57,10,815 20.51 1,83,900 3.65 Water land 4,43,90,315 13.85 3,03,226 6.02 Water bodies 1,06,10,820 3.31 1,32,832 2.64 other 2,05,26,819 6.41 94,125 1.87 total 32,03,96,900 100.00 50,36,200 100.00
- 15. Change inArea (%) under different categories of land use during 1973-1989 Land use classes TEHSILE DISTT. TOTAL Bathinda Talwandi Rampuraphul URBAN 75.3 69.6 70.0 73.2 RURAL 64.0 82.0 66.0 68.7 CROP LAND -1.46 -1.25 -1.36 -1.37 POND 33.0 71.0 60.4 49.0
- 16. International Boundary Agriculture land Forest & Natural vegetation Rocky area Sand Salinit Snow Water bodies Waterlogged Land cover Mapping
- 17. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index The Remote sensing data is used extensively for large area vegetation monitoring. NDVI is a mathematical quantity referring to a vegetation indices. NDVI = (Near IR – Red)/(Near IR +Red). Range = -1 to +1 Clouds , water and snow have negative NDVI. Soil and rock have a broadly similar reflectance giving NDVI close to ‘0’. Only active vegetation has a positive NDVI about 0.1 to 0.6
- 18. Non-Drought Drought NDVI is responsive to vegetation condition <0.5 = water 0.05-0.10= 0.10-0.16= 0.16-0.25= 0.26-0.33= 0.33-0.40= 0.41-0.58= 0.59-0.66= >0.66=
- 19. Area under detailed land use/ land cover categories Category India PUNJAB Area in (ha) % TGA Area in (ha) % TGA Agriculture land Karif crop land 1205,86,769 3401258 Rabi crop land 763,00,445 3507019 Double cropped area 531,05,792 3095521 Net sown area 1437,81,426 44.88 3812756 75.75 Wasteland Salt affected 19,88,380 0.62 51979 1.03 Waterlogged 12,19,666 0.38 26614 0.53 Marshy/Swampy 8,23,876 0.26 36 Water bodies River/Stream 84,14,852 2.63 132831 2.64 Lake/Reservoir/Tank/ Canal 21,95,968 0.69
- 20. Classification of area in Punjab (000 ha) CATEGORY YEARS 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 1996-97 2001-02 Total Geog. area 5036 5036 5036 5036 5036 Forest area 123 216 222 288 281 Culturable waste 83 41 35 21 5 Uncultivated land 208 96 83 64 45 Net area sown 4053 4191 4218 4223 4268 Total cropped area 5678 6763 7502 7808 7941 Cropping intensity 140 161 178 185 186
- 21. Soil Monitoring Any effective soil monitoring scheme will take account of differences between soil types and their spatial distribution. Remote sensing systems record electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that has been reflected or emitted from a target object. The physical and chemical characteristics of the object, and indeed the choice of wavelengths of EMR.
- 22. The broad current requirements for soil monitoring that might be met by the use of remote sensing are as follows 1.Supporting data for development of adequate soil inventories, including: a. general physical and chemical properties b. landscape and land use data, e.g. terrain data 2. Information on soil quantities (on an area basis), that relate to soil threats, including the extent of a. erosion b. landslides c. soil organic carbon d. contamination e. salinity 3. Estimates of soil performance: a. biomass productivity b. hydrological performance, specifically flood occurrence
- 23. Crop monitoring and Damage assessment Remote sensing imagery also gives the required spatial overview of the land. Remote sensing can aid in identifying crops affected by conditions that are too dry or wet, affected by insect, weed or fungal infestations or weather related damage . Detecting damage and monitoring crop health requires high-resolution, multi-spectral imagery and multi-temporal imaging capabilities.
- 24. CROP MONITORING Crop area estimation Crop growth monitoring Crop yield prediction Satellite image distribution for winter wheat monitoring
- 25. DamageAssessment
- 26. PRECISION FARMING Precision farming is also referred as site specific farming, Smart farming and GPS based farming. The site specific application of input such as seed, fertilizer and crop protection chemicals has the potential to reduce input cost and maximize crop yield and benefit environment. This can be done by new emerging information technology such as GPS, GIS, Remote Sensing.
- 28. Thematic Map A thematic map is especially designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific geographical area. It provides: (i) Specific information about particular location. (ii) General information about spatial patterns and . (iii)They can be used to compare patterns on two or more maps
- 29. Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) Is prepared using Geo-informatics technologies which involve: 1. Remote sensing. 2. Global positioning system (GPS) . 3. Geo-graphical information system (GIS)