AICLE Vital Functions
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1. The document provides information on a lesson plan about vital functions for a 2nd year secondary education class taught in English. 2. It includes objectives, topics, activities, vocabulary and evaluation criteria focused on concepts like cells, nutrition, reproduction, and the roles they play in living things. 3. The lesson plan is estimated to take 9 sessions (3 weeks) and aims to develop students' linguistic and scientific skills through tasks like vocabulary exercises, concept maps, presentations and discussions.
AICLE Vital Functions
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- 3. CONSEJERÍA DE EDUCACIÓN Dirección General de Participación e Innovación Educativa Identificación del material AICLE TÍTULO Vital Functions NIVEL LINGÜÍSTICO SEGÚN MCER A.2.1 IDIOMA Inglés ÁREA / MATERIA Ciencias de la Naturaleza NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO La vida en acción: Funciones vitales GUIÓN TEMÁTICO La célula como unidad de vida, que realiza la funciones vitales fundamentales (Nutrición, Reproducción, relación y coordinación), las cuales se extienden a organismos pluricelulares, tratando por separado el comportamiento de los animales y las plantas FORMATO Material didáctico en formato PDF CORRESPONDENCIA CURRICULAR 2º de Educación Secundaria AUTORÍA Fernando Sánchez García TEMPORALIZACIÓN APROXIMADA 9 sesiones (3 semanas) COMPETENCIAS BÁSICAS - Conocimiento e interacción con el medio físico. Mediante la observación del desarrollo de las diferentes especies vivas y de la persona misma - Digital y tratamiento de la información. A través de prensa escrita y digital sobre estudios, descubrimientos y bases de datos sobre comportamientos y fenómenos vitales - Social y ciudadana. A través de la adquisición de hábitos saludables para uno mismo y el conocimiento del funcionamiento de las demás especies para respetarlas y preservarlas - Aprender a Aprender. Con la conexión conceptual de las diferentes partes de la secuencia didáctica, lo cual puede servir para entender la secuencia causaconsecuencia la cuál estará influenciada en gran medida por.el conocimiento y respeto por la vida OBSERVACIONES La competencia de comunicación lingüística es una competencia tratada de forma continuada tanto en inglés como en español. Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions 3
- 4. Tabla de programación AICLE OBJETIVOS b) Interpretar y producir con propiedad, autonomía y creatividad mensajes que utilicen códigos artísticos, científicos y técnicos. d) Comprender los principios básicos que rigen el funcionamiento del medio físico y natural, valorar las repercusiones que sobre él tienen las actividades humanas y contribuir activamente a la defensa, conservación y mejora del mismo como elemento determinante de la calidad de vida. CONTENIDOS DE CURSO / CICLO Bloque 5. La vida en acción TEMA - Comprensión de que los seres vivos necesitan materia y energía para realizar sus funciones - La célula es la unidad de organización y de funcionamiento de los seres vivos - La nutrición como función fundamental para el mantenimiento de la vida - Nutrición autótrofa y nutrición heterótrofa - La fotosíntesis - La función reproductora proceso mediante el cual los seres vivos perpetúan su especie - La reproducción asexual de la sexual - Reproducción en los vegetales y los animales - La función de relación en los seres vivos - Coordinación nerviosa y hormonal, relación entre ambas MODELOS DISCURSIVOS - Describir los elementos naturales en base a los conceptos adquiridos - Expresar opiniones y conceptos adquiridos. En cada una de las actividades planteadas - Discutir con argumentos sólidos las diferentes posibilidades existentes - Narrar de forma coherente experiencias relacionadas con los conceptos trabajados - Consensuar tareas de cooperación en pequeño y gran grupo TAREAS - Ejercicios de vocabulario específico con definiciones monolingües - Realización de mapas conceptuales en los que se relacionan los diversos conceptos - Preparar presentaciones para el resto de compañeros en formato digital - Discutir respetando las diversas opciones posibles a la hora de entender una relación conceptual - Relacionar contenidos con el entorno cotidiano - Relacionar nuestra actividad cotidiana con la de los demás seres vivos del entorno CONTENIDOS LINGÜÍSTICOS - Describir las diferentes partes de la célula así como las diferentes estructuras propias en los seres vivos para desarrollar sus funciones vitales - Relacionar las funciones vitales y sus diferentes formas de desarrollarlas con el medio de vida - Argumentar en base a lo estudiado las formas de llevar a cabo las funciones vitales y su influencia en el medio ambiente - Sintetizar mediante el uso d mapas conceptuales la importancia de las funciones vitales para el mantenimiento de la vida en el planeta, así como la circulación de energía entre los diferentes seres vivos - Contrastar.todo lo relacionado con las funciones vitales con la realidad en la que el individuo vive, sobre todo en lo referido a la alimentación y el peligro de una sobre alimentación - Promocionar hábitos de vida saludables. creando tablas de alimentación etc CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN - Explicar por qué se dice que la célula es la unidad de vida - Establecer las diferencias entre nutrición autótrofa y heterótrofa - Explicar las diferentes etapas que comprende la nutrición autótrofa - Explicar las diferentes etapas que comprende la nutrición heterótrofa - Explicar las diferencias entre la reproducción asexual y la sexual - Diferenciar la reproducción en animales y plantas - Explicar algunas técnicas utilizadas para reproducir plantas asexualmente - Definir los conceptos de gameto y gónada - Indicar los nombres y la localización de los órganos reproductores de las plantas y de los animales - Explicar qué se entiende por coordinación y su importancia en los seres vivos - Establecer las diferencias entre coordinación nerviosa y coordinación hormonal FUNCIONES: 4 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions ESTRUCTURAS: Did you find....? Look for information ...... Can you spell..... Can you repeat May I ........? Complete this chart with Find this concept Connect with linkers In my opinion this is right None of us could believe Connect with linkers In my opinion this is right There is/ are In order to Look around Instead of It could be If I understand Despite the widespread belief LÉXICO: Living beings, Vital functions, cell, Eucaryotic, Procaryotic, Paramecia, nucleus, membrane, cytoplasm, Photosynthesis, Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, Nutrition, Reproduction, Sexual, Asexual, Digestive organs, Sense, penis, Vagina, Calyx, Corolla, Stigma, Hormone, Gonads, Placenta, Waste, Matter, Energy, Flowers, Bulbs, Rhizomes, stolons, stem tubes, gemmation, fragmentation, regeneration, Female, Male, Gametes, Zygote, Fertilisation, Birth, hatching, stimuli, response, interaction, coordination, nervous system, responsive, tropism, nastics.
- 5. Vital functions: Vital energy Brainstorm Think….. Can you see any living things? What are the living things around you doing? We need energy to live. True or false? What is the smallest living thing? Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital • I can see......... • I think energy is important because. • In my opinion…......... • I mean that........... • The smallest living thing......... Functions 5
- 6. I. - Introduction. The living things that inhabit the Earth all have different shapes and sizes but they do have one thing in common: Their chemical composition: Carbon. Oxygen. Hydrogen. Nitrogen. Carbon is the chemical that really characterises living matter. This element can be combined with many other atoms to form a wide variety of molecules, e.g. proteins. Living things all share another common characteristic: they are all made up of CELLS. Living things feed , interact with their environment and reproduce . Now sum up the previous concepts. Key words: Cell, Living things, elements, carbon, feed, interaction, reproduction 1 Living things acquire substances to live 2 Living things are aware of their surroundings and of their own bodies and react to different circumstances. 3 Living things reproduce identical creatures. 6 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
- 7. A.1. Review the locations below. Talk with your classmates and tick the places where you can find cells and say why. 1. In a human arm 2. In a Mushroom 3. In a rock 5. In a frog’s leg 6. In a plastic pen 4. In a piece of wood from a table 7. In the blood of an animal A.2. Work in groups of four. Say if the sentences are true or false and explain why. a) All the cells in the human body are the same. b) There is something smaller than a cell that has a life of its own. c) There are living things that aren’t made up of cells. d) Viruses are living things • In my opinion...... • This is a non-living thing • I agree with....... • This is false because....... • Maybe that’s true because.... but.... Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions 7
- 8. I. - Cells. A cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells can feed, interact with their environment and reproduce by themselves. They are very small, in fact they are microscopic. We can classify living beings into: - Single-celled organisms that are the simplest forms of life. E.g. Paramecia. - Multicellular organisms are made up of more than one cell and may be just a few cells or several billion cells. The cells in a multicellular organism are not independent from each other. All the cells work together so that the organism as a whole can fulfil all of its functions: nourishment, interaction with the environment and reproduction. Viruses are a special case. They are much smaller than cells and they are not made up of cells. 1.1 Types of cells. There are two different types of cells: Eucaryotic cells are those which have a nucleus. Animals and plants have eucaryotic cells. Procaryotic cells are those which have no nucleus. They are found only in bacteria and similar living things. 1.2. Most cells have three main parts: The cellular membrane covers the whole cell. The cytoplasm is the inside of the cell and it is divided into other parts called organelles. The nucleus of the cell is more or less circular. It is within the cytoplasm and is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane. 8 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
- 9. 1.3. Vital functions in cells Cells are living things and they carry out the three vital functions: - Nutrition consists of all the processes through which a cell obtains the substances it needs to live. - Interaction consists of all the processes through which a cell interacts with the surrounding environment. - Reproduction brings together all the processes for a cell to create another identical cell. Key concepts: Cell, Eucaryotic, Procaryotic, nucleus, cytoplasm, Cellular membrane, nutrition, interaction, reproduction. A.3. Work in groups of three. Talk about the differences in the use of energy that you can see between a machine and a living thing. • In my opinion...... I think...... • This is a non-living thing so..... • I agree with....... • This is false because....... • Maybe it’s true because.... but.... Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions 9
- 10. II.- Vital Functions: NUTRITION. Please have a look at this concept map about nutrition. Follow the different paths and write sentences about nutrition. 10 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
- 11. A:4. Listen to the following information and fill in the blanks. Then, say if each paragraph refers to autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition. Paragraph 1. The cells in leaves can carry out photosynthesis thanks to the ___________ they have in the organelles of the ____________, the ______________ Paragraph 2. According to their _____________ habits, animals are ____________, if they eat vegetables , ____________, if they eat animals, and __________, if they eat both. Paragraph 3 By means of a _____________ process, living things have to break up the ________ and transform it into a substance which can be used by their ________. They have to transport it to each of their cells and the cells have to absorb it. Once inside the cells, __________ is obtained and, by means of chemical reactions, the ______________ are obtained. • Can you repeat paragraph.....? • How many words are there in the .......gap of the paragraph....? • I think this text is about a..... Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions 11
- 12. A.5. Using the information in the following table, calculate the energy consumed by a person in the different situations given. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ENERGETIC REQUIREMENTS Type of activity Example of the activity Energy (kcal/hr) Rest Deep sleep Relaxed Standing, painting, playing, reading Light Walking, bowling, light physical work 163 Moderate Walking quickly, dancing, riding a bicycle 325 Intense Running, playing football, climbing 455 Very intense Running upstairs, 65 98 1000 - A person walks quickly for an hour, waits in a queue for 30 minutes, walks home for an hour and runs up the stairs for five minutes. - A person sleeps for eight hours and cycles to work for 45 minutes, plays a whole game of football, rests for three hours, and finally, dances for two hours in a row. • This is the amount per hour, so……. • The total amount of energy is......... • First divide by....... and then multiply by........ • Finally take the previous results and add them to....... 12 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
- 13. A.6. Word search. Find the words from the list. • Did you find ..........? • Is there any word next to…….. • Which way does………go? (forward/backward/down/up/diagonally) Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions 13
- 14. III. - Vital Function: Reproduction. a. Purpose. The function of reproduction perpetuates life. It maintains the species on the Earth for longer than the life of an individual. At the same time, genetic information is transmitted from parents to children to develop and keep the being alive and to conserve the characteristics of the species in the future. b. Kinds. Asexual reproduction: a single individual is able to separate a part of its body and this develops into a new being. This happens in plants and some animals. Sexual reproduction: two individuals (male + female) are necessary. Each one makes different special cells: the gametes4, which join together and became a single cell a zygote, by means of fertilisation. This happens in plants and most animals. Fertilisation. External: Gametes join together outside the body of the progenitors (aquatic plants, aquatic animals). Internal: Gametes join together inside the mother’s body. Copulation organs are required. Embryonic develop. The zygote multiplies to make the embryo, and this becomes the new being. There are various different classifications for different animals, depending on where the embryonic development takes place. Oviparous animals: embryonic development takes place in an egg and outside of the mother’s body. Viviparous animals: embryonic development takes place inside the mother uterus. Ovoviviparous animals: The embryo develops in an egg inside the uterus of the mother. 14 4 Cells used only for reproduction. Females: oospheres (plants), ovules (animals), male: endosperm (plants) spermatozoa (animals). Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
- 15. SU-2. Now, make a C-map summarizing what you’ve just learned. Make sure to include these words. Key concepts: Reproduction, Sexual, Asexual, gametes, fertilisation, zygote, spermatozoa, endosperm, oospheres, ovules 3.1. Reproduction in plants. Observation. How does a lawn reproduce? You’ve probably seen how gardeners spend a lot of time cutting lawns but that they seem to grow all the time. The first time you want to plant a lawn in your garden, you should do it using grass seed, but if you tear up a piece of lawn, you needn’t plant seeds again. The grass stems will soon grow at ground level and cover the hole in the lawn and in a short time you won’t be able to see where the hole was. Does the entire lawn come from a single seed? Why does this happen? Note: Use the words in the word cloud above to talk about plant reproduction. Discussion: • I saw • In my opinion............ • Actually I cut the grass and...... Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions 15
- 16. Discussion: • Plants can reproduce in two different ways. These are.......... • Actually, potatoes are..... • I wonder if flowers have........... • The difference between..... and ...... is....... • Insects are really important because........ 16 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
- 17. A.7. Listen to the text and fill in the blanks. Then re-read the text and match each paragraph with the words below. Bulbs Stolons Stem tubers Rhizomes Calyx Corolla Androecium Gynoecium Description 1. They are subterranean_________ which form new stems and _______ on certain stems to make a new plant. These can be found in _________ Description 2. They are made up of the _________ which are green. Their function is to __________ the ______________of the flower. Description 3. They are __________ stems which root when they touch the ground and _________________ ________. An example of this is the________________ Description 4 This is also called a pistil. It is made up of one, two or three carpals. It is shaped like a ____________ _____. The wide part is the____________, the long part the ___________ and at the end, the ___________ Description 5: They are _______________ stems, formed by concentric meaty _________. They have buds which will become a new plant, such as the case with an ____________. Description 6. This is made up of ____________ coloured petals. At the base of the ___________ there are glands which secrete___________________ like nectar. Their function is to attract insects to favour __________________ Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions 17
- 18. Description 7. These are subterranean ____________ with a reverse of food and ________ which form roots and stems ____________________ ________________________, for example a potato. Description 8. This is made of____________with a ___________ and some sacks known as __________. Their function is the production of grains of __________ • Can you repeat number........ • Can you spell........... • In my opinion this description is........ • I put number...... with....... because......... A.8. Reading and understanding: Read the following text and underline the main ideas. Then, answer the questions and share your answers with the class. Pollination is the transporting of a grain of pollen from the anther of the stamen to the stigma of the pistil. It can be done by the wind or insects such as bees or butterflies. For fertilisation, the grain of pollen produces a pollen tube which allows the male gametes to reach the ovule, where the female gamete is (the oosphere). Following fertilisation, the zygote produces the embryo which is inside the seed, the flower loses the calyx and the corolla and the ovary grows and turns into a fruit. Questions: 1.- What is the difference between pollination and fertilisation? 2.- What is the purpose of the sepals and the calyx in flowers? 3.- What are the male and female gametes called in plants? 4.- What is the function of the pollen tube during fertilisation? 18 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
- 19. A.9. Practical activity: A garden in class. The agricultural industry takes advantage of the asexual reproduction of the plants in order to reproduce plants more rapidly. The techniques used are the following: Cuttings: these are pieces of stem which are partially put into the ground and which become a new plant. Shoots: this consists of burying a branch joined to the stem and waiting until it roots. Grafts: this consists of introducing a branch of one species into the stem of another one. INSTRUCTIONS This experiment consists of making your own garden in class using the techniques above. Work in groups of four • Cut a piece of a rose bush and put it in a flower pot with a some soil. - Don’t forget to water it and observe the growth of the new rose for two months. - Each week do a drawing or take a picture of the plant in order to track the growth. • Take a flower pot with a strawberry plant. Put it next to a second flower pot that has soil and a piece of strawberry branch. - Don’t forget to water it and observe the growth for two months. - Each week do a drawing or take a picture of the plant in order to track the growth. • Take a flower pot with a plastic plant, cut a slit in the stem and put some moss in it. - Don’t forget to water it and observe the growth for two months. - Each week do a drawing or take a picture of the plant in order to track the growth. RESULTS: At the end of two months, collect all of your pictures and drawings and present you findings to the class. What happened? Why? Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions 19
- 20. 3.2. Reproduction in animals . Try matching some of the words in the word cloud above with the appropriate images. 20 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
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- 22. A.10. Listen to the following text and fill in the gaps. Then match each definition with one of the following words: Gemmation, Fragmentation, Regeneration, Birth, Hatching, #1. This is the___________ of the ________ and the __________ of a new being. #2. A small ____________ or bud appears in the body of the ____________ and it ________________________________ the form of the adult, which __________________ from it or_______________ and form a colony. #3. It is the process of _________________________ from the mother’s body. The baby breaks ____________________ which surround it and there are ____________________ until the baby emerges. #4. When an animal__________________, it can be _______________ in some cases, in other cases, the separated member ________________ a new being. #5. This consists of__________________the progenitor’s body in _________________ which became transformed _______________ to new individuals. A.11. Work in groups of three. Read the following text about hatching and birth. Then, write down the advantages and disadvantages to each. The embryonic growth of an oviparous animal takes place inside an egg, which must be kept at a specific temperature and must be protected from predators. For this reason, many animals incubate their eggs. Viviparous animals don’t lay eggs; the embryo grows inside the uterus of the female and is surrounded by special membranes and a special organ called the placenta, which provides it with food. KEY WORDS for discussion: Predators, Embryo food, Labour pains, Incubate, Nest, Healthy, protection. • I think one advantage to…….. is ................. because .......... • ............is better than ......................because………. • I think it depends on…………….. 22 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
- 23. A.12. Reading and understanding. Read the following text about other types of sexual reproduction and answer the questions. One of you should copy the questions on the board and the rest of the class should try to answer the questions. Other types of sexual reproduction. There are some animals where the same individual has two sexes. These are called Hermaphrodites. During copulation, one acts as the male and the other as the female, although both may carry the offspring. This happens with snakes. Some animals are able to produce new individuals from unfertilised ovules, in a process called parthenogenesis. . - What is the difference between hermaphroditic and parthenogenetic reproduction? - Do you know any animals that are able to reproduce by parthenogesis? - Do you know of any hermaphrodite animals? • I think that .......... is ........................... • I agree with you but.......................... • In my opinion..................... Actually,….......... • I was wondering………… Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions 23
- 24. Interaction and coordination. Brainstorm. Think and discuss - What happens when you smell a pleasant odour? - What happens when you are sleeping and suddenly somebody switches on the light and screams? - What happens when you are near your best friend during a party? • I feel.......... • If it’s unpleasant my face........ • My heart’s…......... • My skin…......... • My stomach........... 24 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
- 25. IV. Vital Functions: Interaction and coordination. Interaction among different beings is necessary in order to : Obtain food. Protect against danger Court the females/males in the species. Special organs are required to: Obtain information from the environment: Receptive organs. Process information and decide on a response: the nervous system. Respond to the stimuli: responsive organs (muscles, bones....). Coordination of the responses with a nervous system or an automatic response (positive or negative) Now sum up the previous concepts. Key words: stimulus, responses (positives + negatives), receptive and responsive organs, coordination, interaction, Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions 25
- 26. A.13. WORDSEARCH: Find the words from the list. • Did you find ..........? • Is there any word next to……..? • Which way does…….......go? (forward/backward/down/up/diagonally) 26 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
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- 28. A.14. Work as a class. Look at these images and say what you use each body part for. Have one person write your ideas on the board. Discussion: • This seems......... so the stimulus is......... • The sense is..... because.......... • I’m looking for information about......... and I think that....... • In my opinion............ 28 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
- 29. 4.2. Interaction and co-ordination in plants. A.15. WORD SEARCH: Fin the words from the list. • Did you find ..........? • Where’s……………..? Brainstorm. Think about plants.................... - Can plants move? - Have you ever seen a sunflower during the day? - How is a sunflower different during the day and at night? • Key words: Sun, movement, position, in line with...... • I think that....... • I saw........... • In my opinion........ Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions 29
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- 31. A.16. Listen to the lecture on how plants move and fill in the blanks. Then, listen again and say what type of movement each example represents. # 1. The mimosa___________ close when they are ____________or the movements of the ____________ plants. # 2. The _________________ of the stomas react to the ____________________and close the ostiole. # 3.________________close their petals when the __________________, acacia leaves and ________________ also change their position at _______________ Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions 31
- 32. A.18. A experiment in phototropism. This experiment can be done in groups of 4. Materials: - A flower pot. - Seeds. - Potting compost. - black cardboard - A Shoebox Procedure: 1. Use the black cardboard to make some divisions inside the shoebox. Cut a hole in the top of the box. Look at the diagram to help you. 2. Plant some seeds in the flower pot and water them well so that they germinate. 3. When the first stems appear put the plant pot inside the shoebox and close it 4.Keep the plant in the dark for several days and only open the box to water the plant. Result Do daily drawings or take daily pictures of your experiment and present the results to your classmates. You can also present your drawings. Don’t forget that the main question you have to answer is: Why did the plant grow like this? • On the first day the plant............. • The plant was looking for........... • Maybe if the hole had been on the other side........ • The plant was growing in this way because........ • We focused on......... • The colour of the leaves............ • In conclusion, we can say that............. 32 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
- 33. Project 1: The importance of being healthy. Read the following test about living a healthy life. We are normally healthy but sometimes some part or our bodies is not working correctly and we become ill. Is there anything that we can do to keep healthy? If we forget certain rules about keeping healthy we are much more likely to become ill. Here you are some of these rules: - A healthy diet. If we eat a balanced diet our bodies receive the correct supply of nutrients and energy in order to ensure that our bodies can function correctly. - Physical exercise. It is extremely important to keep our motor systems in good working order. - Hygiene. We must keep our hair and skin clean showering daily. We must wash our hands before meals and brush our teeth after meals. This helps to avoid a lot of infections. - Avoid Dangerous Substances. Tobacco, alcohol and drugs are bad for us. - Medical checkups. Regular medical checkups can help to avoid serious problems. PROCEDURE The class will divide into 4 groups; each one will research one of the following issues. 1. A healthy diet. 2. Preservative food additives and colourings vs. natural food preservation. 3. Dangerous Substances. 4. Our own Hygiene The materials you should use are: . A computer (lap top) . A digital camera . Different types of cleaning substances, drinks and foods that you can find in a supermarket. Once the research is complete, each group will present their findings. Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions 33
- 34. GUIDELINES. Group # 1.: Healthy Diet. Look for information about important nutrients and the foods that contain them. Also, write down how much of these nutrients we need every day. Nutrients Foods Meat Fish Carbohydrates Bread, pasta, potatoes Vitamins Fats, vegetal oils. Minerals Water Proteins Fruits Carboxylic acids Beans Amino Acids Vegetables Eggs Milk - You can look at the World Health Organization’s recommendations on the internet. - You can also build your own food pyramid. Group # 2. : Preservative food additives and colouring v. natural food Preservation. - You can use food wrappers in order to make a list of different substances that are used as preservatives - Search the internet for “Artificial food preservatives” and use the web pages that come up to make a list of these substances. Compare these with the substances written on the labels. - Search the internet again, this time look for natural preservation techniques. Look at what people have to say about: Salt, Sugar, Vinegar, Alcohol and Freeze drying. 34 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
- 35. Group # 3. Dangerous Substances. - First look at the labels on a pack of cigarettes and different bottles of alcohol. Make a list with al the ingredients. - Use the internet to help you look up the dangerous substances that you found in alcohol.: http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm) - Look for information about toxic substances in tobacco and talk about the dangerous effects that they could have on you (A good web address is: http://www.quit-smoking-stop.com/harmful-chemicals-in-cigarettes.html) - Finally, explain the consequences that drinking and smoking can have on your family and in society. Group #4: Hygiene. - First look for information on micro organisms that live on your skin: find out what they are called and how you can get rid of them. - Look at the ingredient labels of shower gel, soap and shampoo and see if their ingredients are effective in killing off the organisms that live on your skin. The results of our research are.......... We think that this is very important because....... Despite the widespread belief that......... If you look at the labels, you can see that........ According to the WHO, we must..... None of us could believe that..... Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions 35
- 36. Project 2: C-Map Challenge Work in groups of four. Make a C-map using the words below and the information that you have learned in this unit. Each group should present their C-map to the rest of the class. • If we go this way......... • This goes with ........ because......... • There are a few different ways to………. • If you look here you can see that.......... • These concepts are related because........ 36 Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital Functions
- 37. Give an example of an autotrophic being and an example of a Heterotrophic being. NO NOT YET Write out the differences between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition. YES NO NOT YET Explain why autotrophic beings are green. YES NO NOT YET Explain what type of food a herbivore eats. YES NO NOT YET Explain what type of food a herbivore eats. YES NO NOT YET Explain what type of food a carnivore eats. YES NO NOT YET Explain where living things get energy from. YES NO NOT YET Explain where living things get energy from. I CAN... YES YES NO NOT YET Explain what the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction is. YES NO NOT YET Explain the difference between a zygote and an embryo. YES NO NOT YET Explain the difference between oviparous and Ovoviviparous. YES NO NOT YET Explain the difference between the reproduction of an oviparous animal and a viviparous animal, using examples. YES NO NOT YET Explain the similarity between an egg and the uterus. YES NO NOT YET Explain different types of sexual reproduction. YES NO NOT YET Use the internet to look for information. YES NO NOT YET Explain the difference between a responsive organ and a receptive organ. YES NO NOT YET Material AICLE 2º de ESO: Vital viviparous, Functions 37