![5
I am here to:
H E L P
…Hear, Educate, Learn and Prepare
[HELP – Hear what Prof. Litwin says so you
can be Educated to Learn, which will
Prepare you for your future. You’ve come to
Rowan University to learn. You leave here to
serve.]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anatomyofpublicrelationsforprplaybook3rdedition-240326080324-15dfe36f/85/anatomy-of-public-relations-for-pr-playbook-3rd-edition-ppt-5-320.jpg)
![15
Public Relations…
A tool of leadership!
[more later…]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anatomyofpublicrelationsforprplaybook3rdedition-240326080324-15dfe36f/85/anatomy-of-public-relations-for-pr-playbook-3rd-edition-ppt-15-320.jpg)
![48
Communication
• …is shared comprehension (two way)
• Four Essential Elements/Communication Model
– Initiator (Sender/Encoder)
– Carrier (Message)
– Receiver (Decoder)
– Feedback (Is clarity being achieved?)
[If the message is not being received as intended,
it is your fault. Leaders whose messages are not
changing behavior are not true leaders.]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anatomyofpublicrelationsforprplaybook3rdedition-240326080324-15dfe36f/85/anatomy-of-public-relations-for-pr-playbook-3rd-edition-ppt-48-320.jpg)
![51
Principles of
Authentic Communication*
• Relevance – taking into account and making
connections with the interests of the parties
involved.
• Clarity – using language that is appropriate
and understandable for those involved,
explaining technical terms, organizing and
illustrating the information logically and
understandably [clear, concise, complete,
consistent, specific, simplistic.]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anatomyofpublicrelationsforprplaybook3rdedition-240326080324-15dfe36f/85/anatomy-of-public-relations-for-pr-playbook-3rd-edition-ppt-51-320.jpg)
![58
Synergy
The whole is greater than
the sum of its parts
or
The whole works better than
any one of its parts.
[To achieve our goal, we should
achieve synergy.]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anatomyofpublicrelationsforprplaybook3rdedition-240326080324-15dfe36f/85/anatomy-of-public-relations-for-pr-playbook-3rd-edition-ppt-58-320.jpg)
![81
Third Party Endorser
• Endorsement
• Testimonial
[Know the difference]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anatomyofpublicrelationsforprplaybook3rdedition-240326080324-15dfe36f/85/anatomy-of-public-relations-for-pr-playbook-3rd-edition-ppt-81-320.jpg)
![82
Key Communicators
• Who Needs Key Communicators?
• Who Should be a Key Communicator?
• Starting a Program
• An “Authorized Grapevine”
(Consumption Pioneers – Connectors –
Leaders of People – WOMMP [Word of
Mouth Marketing Program])](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anatomyofpublicrelationsforprplaybook3rdedition-240326080324-15dfe36f/85/anatomy-of-public-relations-for-pr-playbook-3rd-edition-ppt-82-320.jpg)
![128
Six Cs of Writing Assessment*
• Clarity – Say what you mean, mean what you say
• Correct – Avoid errors to avoid confusion
• Connection – Engage your reader
• Compelling – Motivate an action
• Conviction – Live on branding
• Consistency – Stay on message…always
[Remember: When you make people work,
they stop reading!]
* Roger Shapiro – Write Right – Mitchell Rose Communication](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anatomyofpublicrelationsforprplaybook3rdedition-240326080324-15dfe36f/85/anatomy-of-public-relations-for-pr-playbook-3rd-edition-ppt-128-320.jpg)
![144
Key Communicators
• Who Needs Key Communicators?
• Who Should be a Key Communicator?
• Starting a Program
• An “Authorized Grapevine”
(Consumption Pioneers – Connectors –
Leaders of People – WOMMP [Word of
Mouth Marketing Program])](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anatomyofpublicrelationsforprplaybook3rdedition-240326080324-15dfe36f/85/anatomy-of-public-relations-for-pr-playbook-3rd-edition-ppt-144-320.jpg)
anatomy of public relations for pr playbook 3rd edition.ppt
- 1. 1 Anatomy of Public Relations from The Public Relations Practitioner’s Playbook M. Larry Litwin, APR, Fellow PRSA © 2009
- 2. 2 Or… Why We Do What We Do And How To Do It Better!
- 4. 4 You enter to learn You leave to serve
- 5. 5 I am here to: H E L P …Hear, Educate, Learn and Prepare [HELP – Hear what Prof. Litwin says so you can be Educated to Learn, which will Prepare you for your future. You’ve come to Rowan University to learn. You leave here to serve.]
- 6. 6
- 7. 7 PR Is... • “This is who we are; • What we think about ourselves; • What we want to do; and • Why we deserve your support.”
- 8. 8
- 9. 9 You Talk – We Listen Hearing vs. Listening There is a reason why we have two ears and one mouth – we must listen twice as much as we speak.
- 10. 10 Public Communication • Public communication is at the heart of our economy, society and politics. Studios use it to promote their films. Politicians use it to get elected. Businesses use it to burnish their image. Advocates use it to promote social causes. • It is a field built on ideas and images, persuasion and information, strategy and tactics. No policy or product can succeed without a smart (strategic) message targeted to the right audience in creative and innovative ways at the ideal time using the proper channel. The ability to communicate this way – to communicate strategically – is what Public Communication is all about.
- 11. 11 M AC Triad M +P+T A C M=Message A=Audience C=Channel P=Purpose T=Tim ing
- 12. 12 MAC Triad Plus cont. • Informization – Disseminating information (message) to target audience through the proper channel at the best possible time.
- 14. 14 Public Relations… (Not paid – Uncontrolled)
- 15. 15 Public Relations… A tool of leadership! [more later…]
- 16. 16 Public Relations 101 • Management and counseling function • Enables organizations to build and maintain relationships • Through an understanding of audience attitudes, opinions and values • Planned, deliberate and two-way • Conscience of organization • Overseer of brand/reputation • Relationship management
- 17. 17 Public Relations A management function that helps organizations and their publics mutually adapt to one another.
- 18. 18 Advertising 101 • Paid • (Non)-personal communication • From identified sponsor • Using (mass) media • To persuade or influence • Audience (Paid – Controlled)
- 19. 19 Marketing 101 Determine what people need (and want) and give it to them.
- 20. 20 PR Practitioners are… Strategic Advisors
- 21. 21 Edward Bernays’ Public Relations Functions • To interpret the client to the public, which means promoting the client • To interpret the public to the client, which means operating the company in such a way as to gain the approval of the public • To act as a public service • To promote new ideas and progress • To build a public conscience Crystallizing Public Opinion – 1923
- 22. 22 Ivy Ledbetter Lee’s Public Relations Principles 1. Tell the truth 2. Provide accurate facts 3. Give the public relations director access to top management so that he/she can influence decisions
- 23. 23 PR Counselors must possess… • Loyalty • Judgment • Trust • Ethics • Integrity
- 24. 24 Managing Public Opinion Public relations practitioners… – Assess public opinion – Influence public opinion It is our responsibility to MANAGE public opinion!
- 25. 25 ABCs of Strategic Communication • Anticipate • Be Prepared • Communicate Clearly, Concisely, Consistently, Calculatingly, Completely (Specifically and Simply) Open, Honest, Thorough, Valid
- 26. 26 Another “A” = Accountability More on this particular “A” in a moment.
- 27. 27 CBAs of Strategic Communication • Conceive • Believe • Achieve
- 28. 28 CBAs of Strategic Communication • Conceive = Head • Believe = Heart • Achieve = Hands
- 29. 29 Another “A” = Accountability • Controlled autonomy • Answerable • Responsible • Being a source or cause • Able to be trusted or depended upon • Reliable
- 30. 30 What is Accountability? ? ? ?
- 31. 31 Another “A” = Accountability • Answerable • Responsible • Being a source or cause • Able to be trusted or depended upon • Reliable
- 32. 32 Accountability – defined A key component to practicing effective and reliable public relations.
- 33. 33 PR Practitioners/Counselors Accountability is… thinking strategically • Deliberately • Systematically • Methodically • Logistically • Calculatingly (Measured Tones)
- 34. 34 Accountability’s – Bottom Line • Senior managers want marketing managers to prove that their marketing is effective based on: – Sales increases – Percentage share of the market the brand holds – Return on Investment (ROI) • Agencies are creating departments to help marketers evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of their marketing communication budgets.
- 35. 35 How is accountability measured? ? ? ?
- 36. 36 Through… • Achievement (yet, another “A”) • Communication
- 37. 37 You are the Brand • Brand • Brand Equity • Brand Extension • Brand Expansion • Brand Familiarity • Brand Favorability • Brand Identity • Brand Image • Brand Insistence • Brand Loyalty • Brand Power (Brand Champions)
- 38. 38 Delivering the promise That’s accountability, too!!!
- 39. 39 Are you a brand champion? • Brand champions deliver what they promise – and more. Delivering helps to achieve…accountability. • Accountability leads to synergy.
- 40. 40 Double Bottom Line • First Bottom Line –Build Relationships • Second Bottom Line –Profit – or, accomplish your Goal
- 41. 41 Triple Bottom Line • Pat Jackson’s DBL – plus: • Third Bottom Line –Revenue>Controlled Costs=Profit
- 42. 42 Fraser Seitel’s “Real” Bottom Line of PR • “Our fundamental role in PR is to defend and promote and enhance and sustain the reputation of our organizations.” • “Our job in PR is to help ensure that that objective is achieved…through proper performance – effectively communicated.”
- 43. 43 How are Bottom Lines Achieved? ? ? ?
- 44. 44 Reaching the Desired Outcome • Attitude • Opinion Education > Knowledge > Attitude > Behavioral Change > Output = Desired Outcome
- 45. 45 Public Relations is Synergy
- 46. 46 PR-Pie • Purpose • Research • Planning • Implementation • Evaluation
- 47. 47 Two-Way Communication Model Sender>>>Message>>>Receiver ^ V ^ Noise V ^ Noise V ^ Noise V ^ V ^ <<<<<<<<Feedback<<<<<<< V
- 48. 48 Communication • …is shared comprehension (two way) • Four Essential Elements/Communication Model – Initiator (Sender/Encoder) – Carrier (Message) – Receiver (Decoder) – Feedback (Is clarity being achieved?) [If the message is not being received as intended, it is your fault. Leaders whose messages are not changing behavior are not true leaders.]
- 49. 49 Principles of Authentic Communication* • Truth • Fundamentality • Comprehensiveness • Relevance • Clarity • Timeliness • Consistency • Accessibility • Responsiveness to feedback • Care
- 50. 50 Principles of Authentic Communication* • Truth – being accurate and factually correct. • Fundamentality – dealing with the core or essential issues and information. • Comprehensiveness – telling the whole story, including the meanings and implications of the issue in question.
- 51. 51 Principles of Authentic Communication* • Relevance – taking into account and making connections with the interests of the parties involved. • Clarity – using language that is appropriate and understandable for those involved, explaining technical terms, organizing and illustrating the information logically and understandably [clear, concise, complete, consistent, specific, simplistic.]
- 52. 52 Principles of Authentic Communication* • Timeliness – providing information when it is known, leaving sufficient time for response prior to decisions or actions. • Consistency – not opposing or contradicting your own or your organization’s other words or actions. • Accessibility – making information, relevant sources and opportunities for discussion easily available to all parties; assuring physical accessibility to meetings.
- 53. 53 Principles of Authentic Communication* • Responsiveness to feedback – engaging in two-way communication, seeking others’ views and concerns and allowing those concerns to influence the organization’s actions. • Care – showing respect, concern and compassion for the circumstances, attitudes, beliefs and feelings of other parties. * Bojinka Bishop, Ohio University
- 54. 54 Principles of Authentic Communication* • Truth • Fundamentality • Comprehensiveness • Relevance • Clarity • Timeliness • Consistency • Accessibility • Responsiveness to feedback • Care
- 55. 55 PR Plan/Roadmap • Goal • Objectives • Strategies • Tactics • Tools
- 56. 56 Superior tactics cannot overcome a bad (business) strategy.
- 57. 57 No Planning = No Plan = No Hope
- 58. 58 Synergy The whole is greater than the sum of its parts or The whole works better than any one of its parts. [To achieve our goal, we should achieve synergy.]
- 59. 59 Synergy’s Parts • Advertising • (Sales) Promotion* • Public Relations* • Direct Marketing • Cause Marketing • Sponsorship (Partnering) Marketing • Positioning (Place)* • Personal Selling* • Price* • Product itself* • Packaging* • Policy* • Politics* • Mind Share (Brainstorming – Intellectual Property) • Brand Identity • Interactive * Litwin’s 9 P’s of Marketing
- 60. 60 Public Relations is Synergy
- 61. 61 Litwin’s 9 P’s of Marketing = Synergy • Product • Place (Positioning) • Price • Promotion (Sales) • Public Relations • Personal selling • Policy • Politics • Packaging
- 62. 62 7 C’s of Communication • Credibility • Context • Content • Clarity • Continuity and Consistency • Channels • Capability
- 63. 63 Content is crucial… but the medium is part of the message, too! (Marshal McLuhan)
- 64. 64 Public Communication • Public communication is at the heart of our economy, society and politics. Studios use it to promote their films. Politicians use it to get elected. Businesses use it to burnish their image. Advocates use it to promote social causes. • It is a field built on ideas and images, persuasion and information, strategy and tactics. No policy or product can succeed without a smart (strategic) message targeted to the right audience in creative and innovative ways at the ideal time using the proper channel. The ability to communicate this way – to communicate strategically – is what Public Communication is all about.
- 65. 65 Superior tactics cannot overcome a flawed (business) strategy.
- 66. 66 MAC Triad Plus M +P+T A C M=Message A=Audience C=Channel P=Purpose T=Timing
- 67. 67 MAC Triad Plus cont. • Informization – Disseminating information (message) to target audience through the proper channel at the best possible time.
- 68. 68 More On MAC Triad Plus Some Key Communication Terms • Propaganda • Manipulation • Stakeholders vs. Stockholders (To deliver message, we must know the difference)
- 70. 70 Audiences (ISPR) • Identify • Segment/Fragment • Demographically • Psychographically • Geodemographically • Behavioristically • Benefits • Profile • Rank – Audience Power Structure • Elite (Key Communicators) • Pluralistic or Diffused • Amorphous/Latent
- 72. 72 Target vs. Niche Target • Audience you want to reach e.g. High school students Niche • Narrowly defined audience e.g. White, high school girls of divorced parents
- 73. 73 Active vs. Passive Active • Already sold • Seeking information Passive • Uninterested • Use surrogates (stand-ins)
- 74. 74 Features and Benefits Features • Important characteristics of a product or service. Stress features to active audiences. Benefits • The quality of product or service that supplies satisfaction or need fulfillment to the consumer or audience member. Stress benefits to passive audiences.
- 75. 75 WII-FM Features + Benefits = Value Value = Worth
- 76. 76 Bargain When the value exceeds the cost. Remember, you only get what you pay for – but most times you don’t even get that!
- 77. 77 Persuade vs. Convince • Persuade – Change of mind or attitude (for a short time) – When you persuade someone, you get them to act without convincing them • Convince – Change of heart and mind (long term) – When you convince someone, you actually get them to believe something else
- 78. 78 Persuasion Pointers • Know your audience • Know what you can accomplish • Anticipate objections/dispel them • Establish mutual goals/a common ground • Give options/choices • Be clear • Be familiar
- 79. 79 Persuasion cont. • Use problem/solution format • Stress rewards/benefits • Control the tone • Clinch your argument • Ask for what you want • Leave (impression) something to remember
- 80. 80 Three-Step vs. Two-Step Flow Three-Step Flow 1. Credible endorser* 2. Key communicator 3. (Targeted) publics *Source credibility Two-Step Flow 1. Mass-media message carrier 2. (Targeted) publics
- 81. 81 Third Party Endorser • Endorsement • Testimonial [Know the difference]
- 82. 82 Key Communicators • Who Needs Key Communicators? • Who Should be a Key Communicator? • Starting a Program • An “Authorized Grapevine” (Consumption Pioneers – Connectors – Leaders of People – WOMMP [Word of Mouth Marketing Program])
- 83. 83 Alternative Media • Radio • Television • Internet (and Interactive – Web 2.0/Blogs/Wikis) • iPod® (Podcasts, etc.) • Vcasts® • Cell Phone • iPhone ® • Digital Signage • Aroma Marketing • WOMM • Silent Publicity
- 84. 84 Alternative Media • Cross Platform – Print – Digital Signage – Wireless – Broadband – TV • Convergence of Distribution – Multiple Platforms
- 85. 85 Getting a Seat at the Table • Know how to communicate. • Know what our employer does and the industry he/she represents. • Have an “attitude” – think strategically. • Be a counselor. • Loyalty, Judgment, Trust, Ethics, Integrity. • Always be ethical – open, honest, thorough and valid – the “corporate conscience.”
- 86. 86 Communication: A Tool of Leadership
- 87. 87 Public Relations…Leadership All leaders are teachers…but not all teachers are leaders!
- 88. 88 Public Relations…Leadership Managers – Do things right. Leaders – Do the right things.
- 89. 89 Leaders • Convene • Communicate • Persuade (maybe even convince)
- 90. 90 Leader Defined • Title • Charisma (Connectivity) • Competence/Expertise • Communicator • Courage • Tenacity • Perseverance • Mental Toughness • Vision • Responsibility
- 91. 91 Leadership Defined In the end, Leadership is defined by: Results
- 94. 94 Leadership Framework • Control • Consistency
- 95. 95 Leadership Framework • Control • Consistency • Campaign
- 96. 96 Leadership Framework • Control – Preparation
- 97. 97 Leadership Framework • Control – Preparation – Follow-up
- 98. 98 Leadership Framework • Control – Preparation – Follow-up – Proactive
- 99. 99 Leadership Framework • Consistency – Organization
- 100. 100 Leadership Framework • Consistency – Organization – Repetition
- 101. 101 Leadership Framework • Campaign – Planning/“Premeditated”
- 102. 102 Leadership Framework • Campaign – Planning/“Premeditated” – Strategy/Timing
- 103. 103 Leadership Framework • Campaign – Planning/“Premeditated” – Strategy/Timing – Measurable results
- 104. 104 Leadership Framework • Control – Preparation – Follow-up – Proactive • Consistency – Organization – Repetition • Campaign – Planning/ “Premeditated” – Strategy/Timing – Measurable results
- 105. 105 James Baker… Leadership “Knowing what to do and then doing it.”
- 106. 106 President Carter… “Leaders whose messages are not changing (or reinforcing) behavior are not true leaders. In fact, they are ‘MISleaders’.”
- 107. 107 Leaders • Choose to lead by stepping out of the darkness and taking others with you. • Make decisions they have to make even when they might have dangerous consequences
- 108. 108 In the Eye of the Storm: Lessons in Leadership A real life example of Leadership From Les Hirsch – CEO Touro Infirmary New Orleans, Louisiana
- 109. 109 Leadership Requires Courage, Tenacity, Perseverance and Mental Toughness Must Make Difficult Decisions Must be Inspirational and Create Hope, Optimism and Enthusiasm for the Future Never, Never, Never Give Up………
- 110. 110 “Retreat,…Hell…We’re Just Advancing in Another Direction” * Quote From a US Army General in Korean War after being asked about withdrawal Friday: September 2, 2005
- 111. 111 Know Your Destination… and All Roads Will Lead To It… Failure Is Not An Option
- 112. 112 Know Your Destination… Hit the ground running…and…be sure you are going in the right direction!!! But remember – It’s the journey, not the destination.
- 113. 113 It Always Takes A Great Team Because…Failure Is Not An Option
- 114. 114 Leadership Defined In the end, Leadership is defined by: Results
- 115. 115 Credibility
- 118. 118 Credibility • Trustworthiness • Competence • Communication style
- 119. 119 PR Practitioners/Counselors Accountability is… thinking strategically • Deliberately • Systematically • Methodically • Logistically • Calculatingly (Measured Tones)
- 121. 121
- 122. 122
- 123. 123
- 124. 124
- 125. 125 PR Counselors must possess… • Loyalty • Judgment • Trust • Ethics • Integrity
- 126. 126 Getting a Seat at the Table • Know how to communicate. • Know what our employer does and the industry he/she represents. • Have an “attitude” – think strategically. • Be a counselor. • Always be ethical – open, honest, thorough and valid – the “corporate conscience” (CCO = Corporate Conscience Officer or Chief Communication Officer)
- 127. 127 And above all… Are you willing to tell the boss what he/she needs to hear rather than what he/she wants to hear? That is how YOU will get a seat at the table.
- 128. 128 Six Cs of Writing Assessment* • Clarity – Say what you mean, mean what you say • Correct – Avoid errors to avoid confusion • Connection – Engage your reader • Compelling – Motivate an action • Conviction – Live on branding • Consistency – Stay on message…always [Remember: When you make people work, they stop reading!] * Roger Shapiro – Write Right – Mitchell Rose Communication
- 129. 129 Basic Principles of Effective Presentations
- 130. 130 Basic Principles of Effective Presentations 1. Relate your identity to help create an image
- 131. 131 Basic Principles 1. Relate your identity to help create an image • Know the difference between identity and image. • Persuasion – the activity of creating, reinforcing, modifying or extinguishing beliefs, attitudes and/or behaviors. • Logo not ego!
- 132. 132 Basic Principles 1. Relate your identity to help create an image 2. Analyze your credibility and believability • Credibility – is in the eye of the beholder.
- 133. 133 Basic Principles 1. Relate your identity to help create an image 2. Analyze your credibility and believability 3. Exercise control
- 134. 134 Basic Principles 1. Relate your identity to help create an image 2. Analyze your credibility and believability 3. Exercise control 4. Maintain a positive attitude
- 135. 135 Basic Principles of Effective Presentations 1. Relate your identity to help create an image 2. Analyze your credibility and believability 3. Exercise control 4. Maintain a positive attitude 5. Demonstrate leadership listening
- 136. 136 Audience Analysis/Worksheet 1. Identify your audience.
- 137. 137 Audience Analysis/Worksheet 2. Analyze your audience demographically.
- 138. 138 Audience Analysis/Worksheet 3. How well does your audience understand the issues (or topics) you wish to discuss?
- 139. 139 Audience Analysis/Worksheet 4. What is your audience’s attitude toward your agenda?
- 140. 140 Audience Analysis/Worksheet 5. What does your audience need to know or believe in before you can change its behavior? (What’s in it for them?)
- 141. 141 Audience Analysis/Worksheet 6. To what type of arguments is your audience likely to respond?
- 142. 142 Audience Analysis/Worksheet 1. Identify your audience. 2. Analyze your audience demographically. 3. How well does your audience understand the issues (or topics) you wish to discuss?
- 143. 143 Audience Analysis/Worksheet 4. What is your audience’s attitude toward your agenda? 5. What does your audience need to know or believe in before you can change its behavior? (What’s in it for them?) 6. To what type of arguments is your audience likely to respond?
- 144. 144 Key Communicators • Who Needs Key Communicators? • Who Should be a Key Communicator? • Starting a Program • An “Authorized Grapevine” (Consumption Pioneers – Connectors – Leaders of People – WOMMP [Word of Mouth Marketing Program])
- 145. 145
- 146. 146
- 147. 147
- 148. 148 Division of University Advancement Executive Vice President for University Advancement Alumni Relations Development Marketing Major Gifts Publications University Relations
- 149. 149 Division of Budget and Planning Executive Director of Budget and Planning Institutional Research Budget Marketing
- 150. 150 Questions ??? M. Larry Litwin, APR, Fellow PRSA larry@larrylitwin.com www.larrylitwin.com © 2009