Android Application Development Basic

Android Application Development
Basic Training

This material is licensed under the Creative
Commons License BY-NC-SA 4.0.

Ver1.02(01)

About usage of this Textbook
・ This textbook is licensed under the Creative Commons License BY-NC-SA
4.0. It is prohibited to use this material for business use otherwise you are
OESF member or OESF education consortium member.
・This training program, includes entire of training materials, will be
provided without any guarantee from OESF. OESF has no responsibility if
it occurred damages or legal violation behaviors which be caused of using
or misusing any content or detail information of this course.


Purpose of Training
• Equip the necessary knowledge for developing
application based on Android.
–
–
–
–

The functions provided by Android
Environment development
The usage of Development Tools
How to implement/debug the Application

• Experience application development through practice
exercises.


Training Schedule
• The 1st day
–
–
–
–

Chapter 1 :
Chapter 2 :
Chapter 3 :
Chapter 4 :

What is Android?
The architecture of Android Application
Environment development preparation
Tutorial

• The 2nd day
– Chapter 5 : Practice exercises
– Chapter 6 : Training summarize


Skill requirement to attend training course
• Have experience in Java
– Actually use Java to do programming in practice exercises in
the 2nd day.
– Have understanding of basic Java language specification.

• Have experience in using Eclipse
– Using Eclipse to practice exercises.


1. What is Android?


Chapter 1: Overview
•
•
•
•
•
•

What is Android?
Why has Android attracted attention?
What can you do with Android?
Android from the technical aspect
Application development environment
How to distribute Applications?


1.1. What is Android?
• Android is
– Platform for Mobile devices
– Mainly used as Platform for Mobile phones

• The history of Android
Date

Content

10/2003

Android Company established

08/2005

Google bought Android Company

11/2007

Open Handset Alliance (OHA) established
Development Tool Android SDK 1.0 released

10/2008

Started to sell loading Android- Smart Phone 「T-Mobile G1」 in the world

04/2009

Development Tool Android SDK 1.5r1 released

05/2009

Development Tools Android SDK 1.5r2 released

07/2009

NTT Docomo started to sell Android Mobile 「HT-03A」 in Japan
Development Tool Android SDK 1.5r3 published

• The history of Android (Continue)
Date

Content

09/2009

Development Tool Android SDK 1.6 published

10/2009


01/2010


05/2010


12/2010

Development Tool Android SDK 2.3 published (Gingerbread)

02/2011

Development Tool Android SDK 2.3.3 published
Development Tool Android SDK 3.0 published (Honeycomb)

This material is licensedEmbedded Creative Commons License BY-NC-SA 4.0.
Copyright 2009, Open under the Software Foundation, All rights reserved

9

• The main organizations related to Android
Organization Name

Overview

Open Handset Alliance
(OHA)

• This organization was established to promote popularization
of Android. Organize the activities of compatible
handsets/software development and services popularization.
• Android specifications settlement, deliverables control are
done by the OHA.
• 71 companies joined (until 05/2010) such as T-mobile (USA),
Motorola (USA), NTT Docomo (Japan), etc…
• http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/index.html

Open Embedded
Software Foundation
(OESF)

• This organization was established to develop and popularize
the common framework, platform for Android based
Embedded System.
• Working groups that are organized according to business
fields take the lead in implementing activities.
• 75 companies joined (until 05/2010)
• http://www.oesf.jp

1.2. Why has Android attracted attention?
• At the present, Android has attracted a lot of attention
– How much attention has it attracted?
• Android based hardware are being continuously launched to the
market.

Hardware

Overview

Mobile Phone

05/2009 NTT Docomo launched HT-03A (HTC Magic)
06/2009 HTC (Taiwan) launched HTC Hero
07/2009 T-Mobile myTouch 3G was on sale
01/2010 Google NEXUS ONE was on sale
04/2010 NTT Docomo Xperia was on sale

Media Player

Creative Zii EGG was on sale

• At the present, Android has attracted a lot of
attention.
– How much attention has it attracted?
• The number of web search about Android from the second haft of
2008 has been increasing. (Google Trend Research)
■ Major Events
A： T-Mobile G1 on sale
Android Market opened
B： OHA released Android SDK 2.0
C： Google Nexus One on sale
D： Small size version of Sony Ericsson
Xperia X10 on sale
E: Microsoft criticized for patent
infringement of Android

• There are 4 reasons why Android receives much
attention
1. Android is available for free, which is expected to reduce
cost for development platform.
2. Everyone can get Development Tools, Technical
documents and Source code in free.
3. The training cost is low if you know the Java SE.
4. Being deployed in embedded development field besides
Mobile Phone.


• Android is available for free, which is expected to
reduce cost for development platform.
– Expense for development platform is expected to reduce by
adopting Android platform.
※Development software combined with hardware, such as Driver, is
necessary.
Reduced cost

Application Development Fee
Platform Development Fee

Hardware Development Fee

Before use Android

After use Android


• Everyone can get Development Tools, Technical
documents and source code in free
– Under Apache License 2.0, Android’s documents, source
code have been published openly.
• The source of Proprietary modules such as driver, GoogleMapsAPI is
not provided.

– Development Tools are freely received from OHA.


• The training cost is low if you know the Java SE
– Because Android Application can be developed by Java SE
and Eclipse:
• It is unnecessary for learning development language if you know
Java language.
• The cost of learning how to use Development Tools is low for the
developer who has used Eclipse.


• Being deployed in embedded development field
besides Mobile Phone
– Besides Mobile phone, the utilization on various equipments
is being researched and developed
• Besides Mobile phone, some hardware which Android has been
transplanted into are:
– Net book
– Navigation System (Car Navi, etc.)
– TV Recorder (Record/play Digital broadcast)
– Other digital home appliances
» Be exhibited many times in the Embedded System
development technology Expo (ESEC2010)


1.3. What can you do with Android?
• Developer can create the applications that using the
following functions provided by Android
– View Website by Full browser
– Drawing 2D/3D Graphic
– Show/Play sound, image, still media
• Corresponding format (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)

–
–
–
–
–
–

Voice call by GSM (2G), 3G
Data transmission by Bluetooth, EDGE, WiFi
Camera (still image/ video)
GPS
Various sensors
Data storage by SQLite

• Sensor devices that can be controlled by Android
#

Sensor Name

Overview

1 Acceleration sensor

Detect acceleration

2 Tilt sensor

Detect azimuth, inclination (the above and below slope of
horizontal condition), rotation angle (the left and right
slope of horizontal condition)

3 Temperature sensor Detect temperature
4 Magnetic sensor

Detect magnetic

5 Light sensor

Detect light

6 Approach sensor

Detect the distance between objects

7 Gyroscope

Detect angular velocity

8 Pressure sensor

Detect the pressure put on real machine

※ Need the hardware when using sensors

• Introduce Android applications

Web Browser

Telephone


Google Maps

– Using Web Browser
1.

View weather information
– Use Google Weather API to view
weather information
①

– Input Japanese (IME)
2.

Simeji
– Software keyboard allows Flick input

※ Flick input is a method that input to chose character
by slide the key of software keyboard

②

– Using sensors
3.

4.

Google Sky Map
– Use inclination sensor and
acceleration sensor to view the
night sky in the direction toward
the terminal
Labyrinth lite
– The game uses inclination sensor

③

– Using camera
5.

Layer
– Browser displays the digital
information of the reality picture
taken by camera

④

⑤

1.4. Android from the technical aspect
• The execution environment for Android applications
– Android applications run on Android run-time virtual
machine
– Linux has adopted as Android run-time platform, the
applications run on Linux
Software（Android Platform）
Application

Application
Android Runtime
Linux kernel

Hardware

•Android is composed of 5 elements
Components of Android
Application

⑤

Home

Address

Call

Application

Browser

Application framework

④

Activity

Window
manager

Content
provider

View
system

Package
management

Acknowledgement
management

Call
management

Resource
management

Position
management

Sensor
management

Library

②

Surface
manager

libc
Media
framework

SQLite

OpenGL I ES

FreeType

Webkit

Android run-time

SGL

SSL

①

③

Core
library

Dalvik VM

Linux kernel
Display
driver

Bluetooth
driver

Camera
driver

Flash memory
driver

Binder
( IRC)

Keypad
driver

USB
driver

Hardware

WiFi
driver

Audio
driver

Electric power
management

• Components overview
①.Linux kernel
• Linux kernel is based on Linux 2.6 and added some Android features
• Include the hardware that provides the necessary functions to run
applications

②.Library
• Library is created by C/C++
– Webkit (Web browser Draw), SQLite (Database), OpenGL/SE (3D draw), …

• Library is used through application framework by application.

③.Android runtime
• The execution environment of Android applications
• Core Java Libraries includes Virtual machine execution environment (Dalvik
VM)


• Components overview
④. Application Framework
• Provides necessary Java API to use applications behavior/operation and
Libraries

⑤. Application
• Android applications are developed by using application framework
– Such as: Telephone, Web browser, Address book, etc…


• The lightweight runtime environment for Mobile
– Dalvik virtual machine (Dalvik VM)
• Optimization of Java VM for small-memory environment
– Google has developed its own virtual machine
– Be designed to allow simultaneity execution of multiple applications
even in low-memory environment

– Dalvik executables format (.dex)
• In Dalvik VM, the standard .class, .jar are converted into .dex to run
• Compare with .class, the memory size used when running is small
Java VM

.class

Dalvik VM
convert

.dex
.jar

– Dalvik VM is not compatible with Java VM
• The binary format of Executable files are different
– In Dalvik VM, file format .class, .jar can not run
– In Java VM, file format .dex can not run

Java VM

Dalvik VM

.class

.dex
.jar


• If there is no comparison about portable limit, Android applications is
almost the same with Java applications operating on PC.
i - Application （Doja-5.x）※1

Android Application

Java support

Java ME

Java SE

Application size limit

1MB (depend on model)

None

Heap memory limit

6MB～15MB (depend on models)

16MB (SDK setting value) ※2

Transmit limit

Unable to transmit except
application download origin

None

HTTP transmit size
limit

Request body: 80KB
Response body: 150KB

None

Cookies

Available with model released
from 2009 summer

Available

Character code

SJIS

UTF-8

Persistence method

ScratchPad

File, SQLite

※1. i - Application Content Development Guide for Doja-5.x/5.x LE~ Detail Part ~Version 3.00
※2. Default setting value in SDK, may be changed according to models. Fro example, Nexus One is 24MB.

1.5. Application development environment
Item

Necessary environment

OS

Windows XP, Windows Vista (32 / 64 bit)
From Mac OS X 10.5.8 onwards (x86 only)
Linux (already tested on Ubuntu Hardy Herson)

Java SDK

Java SDK 5, Java SDK 6

Android Development Tools

Android SDK

Integrated Development
Environment

Eclipse 3.4 (Ganymede), 3.5 (Galileo)
Android Development Tools (ADT) Plug-in

Text-based
Development environment

Apache Ant (From Windows version 1.7, Mac/Linux version 1.6.5
onwards)

 Actual equipment is not required. Emulator for development is available.
 Emulator may have some parts (such as sensor, etc.) unavailable.

Refer for details: http://developer.android.com/intl/ja/sdk/requirements.html

1.6. How to distribute Applications?
• There are 2 main ways to distribute Applications
– Distribute via Android Market
– Distribute without using Android Market
※ What is Android Market?
– Is a Website for distribution/sale Android Applications
– Is a common way to distribute Android Applications


• Distribute via Android Market site
– Distribution process
1.

Register Developer account on Android Market site
– To register Developer account, you must have Google account

2.

Create digital certificate for Applications※1
– Use Keytool (includes Java SDK) ※2 to create certificate

3.

Applications must be digitally signed※1
– Use jarsigner (includes Java SDK) ※2 to make digital signature

4.

Upload Applications onto Android Market
※1 Can create certificate, make sign by Eclipse functions
※2 Refer Tools manual to know the Tools usage

– Requirement
•

Google Account

• Distribute via Android Market site
– Process of register Developer account on Android Market
site
1.

Register developer profile on Developer registration site
– Registration Site
» http://market.android.com/publish/signup

– Input Profile items
»
»
»
»

2.
3.

Name
Mail address (need Google Account)
Web site URL
Phone number

Payment for registration ($25)
– Can payment with Credit card via Google checkout
Agree with Distribution Agreement

• Distribute without using Android Market site
– Distribute Application Files directly
• Example
– Distribute Files via Homepage
– Distribute Files by CD, USB memory, …
– Distribute Files over network such as LAN environments

• Distribution process
1. Create digital certificate for Applications
2. Digitally sign Applications
3. Distribute Application Files

• Installation method
1. Using Android terminals to download and install files
2. Connect USB with PC and Android terminal, use install command to
install

– Installation Method ①
Using Android terminals to download and install Application files
• Process
1. Use browser of Android Terminal to download Application file
2. After the download is completed, click on the Application file on
download history
3. Press “Install” on Install confirmation screen


– Installation Method ①

Click on file
Click on
Download file
Click on Install
button

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

– Installation Method ②
Connect USB with PC and Android terminal, use Install
command to install
• Process
1.
2.

Use USB cable to connect PC and Android terminal
Start Command prompt, execute adb install command
>adb install < Application file name(.apk)>

■Install Input Command Prompt（ C:Simeji3.0.6.apk ）by USB
C:>adb install C:Simeji3.0.6.apk // ・・・ Step 1
596 KB/s (1413225 bytes in 2.312s)
pkg: /data/local/tmp/Simeji3.0.6.apk
Success // ・・・ Step 2

2. Android Application
Architecture


Chapter 2: Overview
• Main components
• Life cycle
• The security of Android


2.1. Main components
• The components of Android are available to achieve
key features of application
Key features of a common Application
User
interface

Inter-process
communication

Activity

Intent

External
communication

File Access

Perform
Background

Actualize

Content
Provider

Main components of Android

Broadcast
Receiver

Service

2.1. Main components
• There are 5 basic components:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Activity
Intent
Broadcast Receiver
Service
Content Provider


2.1.1. Activity
• What is Activity?
– The Android application screen is created by placing many
parts such as Button, Checkbox, … on Activity
– One screen is composed of one activity
– Activity has running and pausing status


2.1.1. Activity
• The Android application screen is created by placing
many parts such as Button, Checkbox, … on Activity

①
②

The left figure is activity which view (button)
placed on
1. Activity
2. View (button)
The left figure screen is shown in the following
configuration

2. View ( button)
1. Activity

2.1.1. Activity
• Can handle to respond to user input screen
– On screen, the information of operation (Ex: click on
button) will be notified to Activity via View
– Activity can handle to respond to the notification
• Ex: after click on the button

3.Execute the handler when
button clicked

1. Click on button

Button

2.Notify

Activity

public void onClick(View view)
{
// View message on screen
}


2.1.1. Activity
• One screen is composed of one activity
– For Application has multiple screens, the number of
activities is equal to the number of screens.
Application

Application
Activity

Activity

Activity
Activity

The Application is composed
by 1 screen

The Application is composed
by 3 screens


2.1.1. Activity
• Activity displayed mechanism
– On screen, at one time, only one activity is displayed
• In Android Application, even if there are many activities, only 1
activity can be displayed
• For display new Activity, previous activity is hidden, new activity is
displayed on above


2.1.1. Activity
• There are several states of activity, the state is changed by
operation
• State of activity has defined in 3 types:
1. Foreground status
• When activity is being displayed, the cursor is in working condition

2. Background status
• Activity is in hidden condition by another activity

3. Visible status
• When no activity screen is displayed (dialog…), the activity cursor is in losing condition (activity is
being displayed over dialog)


2.1.1. Activity
• The kind of activity is used depend on the type of screen
– Example of Activity
#

Screen

Using Activity class

1

Single Screen

Activity class

2

List display Screen

ListActivity class

3

Map Screen (Google Map)

MapActivity class

1. Single Screen (use Activity)

2. List display Screen
(use ListActivity)


3. Map Screen (use MapActivity)

2.1.2. View
• What is View?
– Buttons, checkboxes, spinners, …
– The View that contains other views is called ViewGroup
• The relation of Activity, View and ViewGroup

User Interface
View

View

ViewGroup
View

ViewGroup
Activity

View

2.1.2. View
• Typical View
View name

Overview

TextView

Display text

Button

Basic press button

EditText

Input text

CheckBox

The button has ON/OFF status

Spinner

This button for choose one item from the list

AnalogClock

Analog Clock


Image

2.1.2. View
• Typical ViewGroup
Name

Overview

LinearLayout

• The ViewGroup that view is placed in horizontal or vertical
direction
• Display scroll bar in case it’s not fit in screen

TableLayout

• The ViewGroup that view is placed in grid (similar HTML table
tags)
• TableRow is specified inside

TableRow

• The ViewGroup that view is placed in Table line

ListView

• The ViewGroup that view is placed in one list
• Display scroll bar in case it’s not fit in screen

TabHost

• The ViewGroup that display is replaced by switching tabs


2.1.2. View
• Can create the original view (Custom Views)
– Custom Views can be created in 3 ways
• Extending an existing View
– Effective way if you want to add functionally into an existing View

• Inherit from basic class (android.view.View)
– If you want to create a completely new View
– Possible for develop a View in most freedom
– Require deep knowledge of basic class for implementation from scratch

• Combine existing Views, ViewGroups to create a new View
■ For more detail, please refer Android Developers in Development Guide
http://developer.android.com/intl/ja/guide/topics/ui/custom-components.html


2.1.3. Intent
• What is intent?
– The mechanism to request a process and to exchange
message between components
• The components can use intent are activity, broadcast receiver and
service

– Example:
• Start activity B from activity A (screen transition)
• Send request “call phone” from Address book application to Make call
application


2.1.3. Intent
• Call out component by intent: the intent containing
the information of caller component give call out
request for Android
– The sample of calling out B component from A component


2.1.3. Intent
• There are 2 ways in using intent: using explicit intents
and using implicit intents
– Using Explicit intents
• This way is used in case of called component is designated its name directly.
It is used to call out components in the same application (such as screen
transition)
– The sample of calling out designated component


2.1.3. Intent
– Using Implicit intents
• This way is used in case of the called component is not designated (named),
only specify action (Sample in under figure: specify to “make a telephone
call”). Often used to call out components in other Applications (such as other
Application screen)
• From configuration information of components, Android will determine
which component be started.
– The sample of calling out an specified action


2.1.3. Intent
– Using Implicit intents (continuous)
• When using Implicit intents, by cooperating with Android’s
applications, the following tasks can be done
– Phone Application
» Open Dial window of specified number
– Address book Application
» Display address book list
» Display information of 1 address in address book
» Edit information of specified address
– Web browser
» Use Browser to display the URL address of specified Website


2.1.3. Intent
– Using Implicit intents (continuous)
• Implicit intents can send broadcast for whole system
• Intents sent by sending broadcast (broadcasted intent) is used to
report the change with condition, such as “Complete system
startup”, “Change battery occurred”, …
• Intents sent by sending broadcast (broadcasted intents) are intents
that can receive only Broadcast receivers.


2.1.4. Broadcast receiver
• What is Broadcast receiver?
– Broadcast receiver is a mechanism for responding with
intents sent by sending broadcast
– Can create peculiar Broadcast receiver by inheriting
BroadcastReceiver class


• Example of using Broadcast receiver
– Check mail when starting up Android terminal
1.
2.

Receive broadcast intent when Android terminal startup complete
by Broadcast receiver
Broadcast receiver call out Mail check service
※ Although mail check process can be executed from Broadcast receiver directly,
but it’s more efficient when using Service to deal with time-consuming

① Complete startup
message
Intent

② Execute Mail check
service
Broadcast
receiver

Intent

Send broadcast intent
Receive intent

Mail check
service

• Can use Broadcast receiver to create a process started
by system notification
– Define the action of broadcast intent (some excerpts)
#

Constant name of Intent class

Condition

Setting value

1

ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED

Completed system
startup

android.intent.action. BOOT_COMPLETED

2

ACTION_TIME_CHANGED

Time set up

android.intent.action.TIME_SET

3

ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED

The time zone is
changed

android.intent.action.TIMEZONE_CHANGED

4

ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED

The Application is new
installed

android.intent.action. PACKAGE_ADDED

5

ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED

The Application is
uninstalled

android.intent.action. PACKAGE_REMOVED

6

ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED

Whether charging, the
battery is changed

android.intent.action. BATTERY_CHANGED

■ Please refer more setting value at the following URL
http://developer.android.com/intl/ja/reference/android/content/Intent.html

2.1.5. Service
• What is service?
– The mechanism to execute a process by independent thread
– Service and foreground’s activity are executed in separate threads.
Therefore, the process can continuous even if an interrupt occurred
with other activities.
Play music (not use Service)

Play music (use Service)

The difference in operating when Activity interrupt
occurred by receiving mail in case of playing music
directly from Activity or through service.


2.1.5. Service
• Introduction about application which used service
– DroidTracker: The application for sending location information get by
GPS through SMS, mail, twitter.

 Processing location information acquisition
by GPS function through Service.
 Processing SMS, mail, twitter sending
functions through Service.


2.1.6. Content provider
• What is Content provider?
– The mechanism that allows the application that holding data
can be accessed (search, insert, update, delete) from other
applications
– Example
• Access phone call log from application
• Insert Website into browser bookmarks from application
※ Data means the information that is persisted in files, database of application


• Why content provider must be used to access to other
applications’ data?
– The data kept in application can not be access directly from
external applications
Security wall

Application

Get information
External
Applications

Storage
Edit information

• Content provider has mechanism to realize/achieve
the access from external applications

Security wall

Application
Content
provider

Get information
External
Applications

Storage
Edit information

• In order to achieve a secure access, content provider
will settle the interfaces
– Main interfaces
# Event name

Content

1 Query

Search data, then
return searching
results

2 Insert

Insert data

3 Update

Update data

4 Delete

Content provider

Delete data


Interface is
settled

query
insert
update
delete

External
Applications

• In Android, depend on content provider, data has been
published
– Published data
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Phone call log
Contact list
Browser Bookmarks
Browser Search history
Images in Media
Pictures in Media
Audio in Media


2.2. Life cycle
• What is Life cycle?
– In Activity and Service, Life cycle is defined as the life cycle of
object from creation until destruction.

Activity Life cycle

Service Life cycle

This material is licensed under the Creative Commons License BY-NC-SA 4.0.

2.2.1. Activity Life cycle
• Activity Lifecycle
– 3 types of status transition are determined in an activity
(Foreground, background, visible)
– When status change occurs, Event will be notified.


• Life cycle includes notified events


• In an Activity, the following events are notified. The
developers can create a process to respond to these
notifications
– Notified events
# Events name

Content

1 onCreate

The event occurs in the initial startup

2 onStart

The event occurs just before the activity is displayed

3 onResume

The event occurs just before the activity is available (active status)

4 onPause

The event occurs just before the activity becomes visible

5 onStop

The event occurs in case of unused status for a while after onPause
(The event may not occur when lack of memory)

6 onRestart

The event occurs when stopped activity is showed again

7 onDestroy

The event occurs just before the activity is annulled
(The event may not occur when lack of memory)

• Notes about Activity notification event
– Not ensure that onStop, onDestroy are always be notified
• In case memory run out, Android
will stop unused application processes
forcedly
• In this case, onStop, onDestroy
notifications in Activity Life cycle
can not be ensured
• In case it’s a absolute necessary
process, use onPause to processing
The transition route in case of
memory run out

2.2.2. Service Life cycle
• The Service Life cycle is defined
as the right figure
• For an event is notified when
changing state like in Activity,
the process to respond to
notifications can be created
# Events name

Content

1 onCreate

The event occurs in the first startup

2 onStart

The event occurs just before the Service is
started

3 onDestroy

The event occurs just before the Service is
destroyed

2.3. Android Security
• To use the functions of Hardware such as network,
camera, … the permission to use information of each
application must be set
– The operations that can affect on OS, application, user data,
… are restricted in Application


• The method of setting application use permission
1. Insert uses-permission tags in AndroidManifest.xml
2. Set the set value of Permission Function in android:name
※ In below sample: Permit an application to connect to the Internet
■ Setting sample
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android=http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android
android:versionName="1.0">
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
・・・
Setting the permission information
</application>
for Internet Connection
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="3" />
<uses-permission android:name=“android.permission.INTERNET“/> // ・・・ Step1,2
</manifest>

• In other to use the following functions, Android
application set up the permission information into
AndroidManifest.xml
– The sample of Permission information set value
Set value （android.permission）

Explanation

INTERNET

Internet connection

ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION

Location information（GPS…）accession

CALL_PHONE

Call without using call out screen

READ_CONTACTS

Read in Address book

WRITE_CONTACTS

Write into Address book

CAMERA

Camera devices accession

Please refer the other set value at following URL
http://developer.android.com/intl/ja/reference/android/Manifest.permission.html

• When install an application that includes use
permission information, the confirmation for
permitted information is executed

Confirmation of Internet
Connection permission


3. Development Environment
Preparation


Chapter 3: Overview
• Development Tools Installation
• Development Tools Installation method
– Development Tool use the things stored in
C:android_trainingdevtools

• Emulator preparation
– Android Virtual Device (AVD) creation
– AVD verify operation


3.1. Development Tools Installation
• In this training, the following Development Tools will
be installed
Software

Version

Integration Development
environment

Eclipse 3.5 (Galileo)

Java SDK

JDK 1.6.0_20

Android SDK

2.1 r2

Android Plug-in

Android Development Tools (ADT) Ver.0.9.X


3.2. Development Tools Installation method
• Android SDK Installation
1. Start explorer from Start Menu/[ All Program]-[Accessories]/[Explorer], open
C:android_trainingdevtools
2. Right click on File android-sdk_r06-windows.zip, then choose [Open from
program]-[Compresses (zip) Folders]
3. Move folder android-sdk-windows within zip into C:android_training tools

3
2

This material is licensedEmbedded SoftwareCommons License BY-NC-SA 4.0.
Copyright 2009, Open under the Creative Foundation, All rights reserved

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• Setting Environment variables
1.
2.

Open Control panel from Start Menu/ [ Control Panel], double click on
[System]
System/ Properties Window, on [Detail setting] Tag, click on [variable
Environment] Button

1

2


3.
4.

5.
6.

From a Environment variable window/[System Environment
variables], select [Path], then click on [Edit] button
Insert C:android_trainingtoolsandroid-sdk-windowstools; into the
head of variable value in Edit window of System variable
Click on [OK] button in Edit window of System variable
Click on [OK] button in Environment variable window
Insert

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7.

Check the reflect of change in environment variable
1. Click on [Command prompt] in Start Menu/[ All program]-[ Accessories] to
start Command prompt
2. Execute command set<sp>|<sp>find<sp> “android” from Command
prompt, check to make sure that Path setting is displayed (Refer below chart
for output result)
※ <sp> ・・・ means Space


• Android Development Tools (ADT) Installation
1.
2.

Start Eclipse
On the Menu [Help] of Eclipse, select [Install New Software…]


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3.

If Network environment is using Proxy, make the following settings
i.
ii.
iii.

On the Menu [Window] of Eclipse, select [Preferences]
On Preferences window, select [General]-[Network Connections]
From Network Connections screen, select 「Manual Proxy Configuration」,
setting the items below:
–
–

HTTP Proxy： Proxy Server address (For example: 192.168.1.1)
Port
：Port number of Proxy Server (For example with right chart 80)

ii

ii
i

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4.

Input http://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/ into “Work with” of
Available Software window, then press Enter.

4
http://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/


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• Alternative method in case failed to connect to server
4-1. Click on button [Add...] of Available Software window.
4-2. Click on button [Archive] at Add Site window.
4-3. Input ADT-0.9.X.zip into “File name” as file in folder
C:android_trainingdevtoolsforOffline, click on [Open] button,
then click on [OK] button.
4-1

4-2

C:android_trainingdevtoolsforOffline
4-3


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5.
6.

Check Android DDMS, Android Development Tools in Available
Software window, click on [Next] button.
Click on [Next] button in Install window.

5

6
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7.
8.

On Install window, check [I accept the terms of the license
agreements], then click on [Finish] button. Installation begins
Installation complete, click on [Yes] when Software Updates message
displayed, restart Eclipse

9

8

9.

After restarting Eclipse, check to make sure that Android
Development Tools button has been inserted into Toolbar.
1
0

The Tool button of Android
Development Tools is
displayed


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• Set up Eclipse
– Recognize Android SDK in ADT
1. From Menu [Window] of Eclipse, select [Preferences]

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2.
3.

4.

From Preferences window, select [Android]. After selected, Error
Message will be displayed, click [OK] to close Message window.
In SDK Location, input 「 C:android_trainingtoolsandroid-sdkwindows」
Check to make sure that Error message on the top of Preferences
window is disappeared, then click [OK] button.
3

2

Check that Error
message is
disappeared
C:android_trainingtoolsandroid-sdkwindows

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5.

If Network environment is using Proxy, make the following settings:
i.
ii.

From Preferences window, select [Android]-[Launch]
From the Launch screen, insert Proxy setup into [Default Emulator Options]
（Format： -http-proxy<sp><Proxy Server address>:<Port number> ）
–

If Proxy Server address is「 http://192.168.1.1 」, Port number is「80」, make
setup as follow
»
-http-proxy http://192.168.1.1:80

i

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6.

Select [Android SDK and AVD Manager] from menu [Window] of
Eclipse.

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7.
8.

Select Available Packages from left column of Android SDK and AVD
Manager window.
Click on [+] of URL on right column to drop down, check on [SDK
Platform Android 2.1, API-7, revision 2] then click on [Install Selected]
button.

※ In offline environment, copy platform folder of C:android_trainingdevtoolsforOffline to
C:android_trainingtoolsandroid-sdk-windows in responding to instruction of Trainer.

7

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9.

Select [Accept] in “Choose Packages to Install” window , then click on
[Install] button.
10. After installation finished, click [Close] button to finish installation.

1
0

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3.3. Emulator preparation
• Create Android Virtual Device (AVD) that is device
image of Emulator
1.

From menu [Window] of Eclipse, select [Android SDK and AVD
Manager].

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2.

Click on [New] button of Android SDK Devices window.

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3.

When “Create new Android Virtual Device” window is displayed, set
up parameters as below.
Item name Set up value
Name

Android 2.1-update1

Skin

4.

default

Target

3

WVGA800

After finished setting, click on
[Create AVD] button.

4

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• Start the Emulator, check that AVD has been created
1.
2.

Start up “Android SDK and AVD Manager” in Eclipse, select Default for AVD
Name, click on [Start] button.
Check on [Scale display to real size] in “Launch Option” window, input “6” into
[Screen Size (in)], then click on [Launch] button.

１
Input appropriate size
according to environment.

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3.

Check to make sure that Emulator screen as below will be displayed.


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4. Tutorials


Chapter 4: Overview
• Learn how to operate Development Tools through
creation of HelloWorld application
– Android Development Tools (ADT)
– Emulator, Android Virtual Device (AVD)
– Dalvik Debug Monitor Services (DDMS)


4.1. Create an application by ADT
• What is Android Development Tools (ADT)?
– Plug-in to develop Android applications by Eclipse.

• The functions that ADT provides
– Create Android projects
– Execute/ debug Android applications
– Support to Resource files creation
• Resource files will be described in this section


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4.1.1. Display Hello World
• The beginning of an Android project, create the below
application
– Complete image
New project is creation an application
that displays Hello World HelloWorld!
like in the left chart


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Create Android project
1.
2.
3.

Double click eclipse on desktop to start up Eclipse.
Select [new]-[Other ] from menu [File] of Eclipse.
Select [Android]-[Android Project] of New window , then click on
[Next] button.

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4.

Input following information into Project Name, Build Target,
Properties from window [New Android Project].

Input HelloWorld into Project Name

Check Android 2.1-update1 on Build Target
Input following information into the following
items of Properties
Application Name ：HelloWorld
Package Name
：jp.oesf.tutorial
Create Activity
：HelloWorld
MinSDK Version
：7

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5.
6.

Android Project will be created, and be displayed as in left-hand
picture.
Select HelloWorld project from Package Explorer, right click then
select [Run As]-[Android Application].

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7.

Start Emulator on other window, confirm to be sure that the following
screen is displayed.
•
•

Application title is HelloWorld.
“Hello World, HelloWorld!” is displayed in application.

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4.2. Create screen design
• Create screen design on Resource file
– What is resource file?
• All external files besides source code.
• Files stored below /res in Android Project.

– Types of resource file (partial excluded)
#

Resource file

Content

1 res/drawable(-Xdpi)/*.*

Image file (.png, .jpeg, .gif)

2 res/layout/*.xml

Screen design information (ex. main.xml)

3 res/values/colors.xml

Color information

4 res/values/dimens.xml

Size information (ex. 5px, 10dip, 20pt)

5 res/values/strings.xml

Character string information

■Explanations related to resource file
http://developer.android.com/intl/ja/guide/topics/resources/resources-i18n.html

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• There is function supports creating resource file in
ADT.
– ADT supply 3 kinds of resource file editor
• Layout editor
– Support creating screen design resource file.

• Resource editor
– Support creating resource file besides screen design resource file.

• Manifest editor
– Support creating AndroidManifest.xml


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• Use function Layout Editor, create screen that include
button, check box, text input in HelloWorld.
– Completed image
• Use GUI function of Layout editor to add button
and check box.
• Edit directly screen design resource file (XML file)
to add text input.
• Setting as below for display character string of
every View.
# View

Display string character

1 Button

Button01

2 Check Box

CB1

3 Text input

EditText


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4.2.1. Create resource file
•

Open screen design resource file
1.
2.

Double click res/layout/main.xml from Package Explorer.
When res/layout/main.xml file is opened by Layout Editor, confirm to
be sure that the screen on the right-hand picture is displayed.
2

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•

Insert button, check box into screen design by
Layout tab of Layout Editor.
1.
2.
3.

Select Button from [Views], drag & drop on the screen.
The button will be displayed as the right-hand picture.
Similarly, drag & drop CheckBox from [Views] on the screen and then
confirm to be sure that it is displayed.

2
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Drag & drop


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4.

5.

Select CheckBox01 on the screen, change Text properties from
CheckBox01 to CB1 from Properties Views.
Similarly, change Text properties of @+id/Button01 into Button01.

5

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5

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6.

Start emulator, confirm to be sure that below screen is displayed .
• CheckBox, Button is displayed on screen.
• Confirm to make sure display character string of Button is Button01.
• Confirm to make sure display character string of CheckBox is CB1.

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• Add text input into screen design by tab <File name>
of Layout editor
1.

Click on tab main.xml of Layout editor, confirm to be sure that XML
source is displayed in Layout editor.
■res/layout/main.xml（partial omitted）

1

<LinearLayout
xmlns:android=http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android
・・・・・・・・・・・
>
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello"
/>
<Button
android:text="Button01"
android:id="@+id/Button01“
・・・・・・・・・></Button>
<CheckBox
android:id="@+id/CheckBox01“
android:text="CB1“
・・・・・・・・・ ></CheckBox>
</LinearLayout>


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2.

Add EditText tag that is Text Input View into main.xml.
■res/layout/main.xml（partial omitted）
<LinearLayout
・・・・・・・・・・・
>
<TextView
・・・・・・・・・・・
/>
<Button
・・・・・・・・・></Button>
<CheckBox
・・・・・・・・・ ></CheckBox>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/EditText01"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:text="EditText"></EditText>
</LinearLayout>

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3.

Switch display in Layout Tab, confirm to be sure that EditText is
displayed as below.

Switch display

EditText is displayed in
Layout Tab

3
EditText added


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4.

When Emulator starts, confirm to be sure that the right-hand screen is
displayed.

5.
•
•

4

Text input is displayed.
Display character string of Text input is EditText.

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•

Attention points when using Layout Editor
1.

Although we tried to paste View group in Layout tab (View included in
Layout) to the screen by drop & drag, ViewGroup was not be
displayed on the screen.
•

2.

Handle the following matter by edit directly XML.
– Arrange View of buttons, etc. within ViewGroup.

Unable to select CustomView from [Views]
•

Handle by edit directly XML.

1

Although we arranged
LinearLayout but it is not
disaplayed


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• Mechanism of screen create usage resource file
– Activity uses Class R to acquire content of screen design resource file.

• Class R
– Class generated automatically at the time of “build”.
– The class necessary to acquire information of resource file from program.
– Display screen design from resource file information acquired by Activity#setContentView.

■HelloWorld.java

R.layout.main will display main.xml
public class HelloWorld extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
}
}

■setContentView
Display screen design on Activity

<LinearLayout
・・・・・・・・・・・
>
・・・・・・・・・・・
<EditText
android:id="@+id//EditText01“
・・・・・・・・・・・
android:text="EditText"></EditText>
</LinearLayout>


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• Relationship between R class and resource file
– Program and resource information will be connected by resource ID.
■HelloWorld.java
Reference

■R.java
public static final class layout {
public static final int main=0x7f030000;
}
Resource ID


Resource
file

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4.3. Use resource besides design
• Change display character string “Button01” of button
that was added into HelloWorld to “Hello Button”.
• Set display character string into character string
resource file.
– Completed image


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• Character string resource file is resource file defined character string using in
application. （res/values/strings.xml）
■Character string resource file （res/values/strings.xml）
<resources>
<string name="hello">Hello World, HelloWorld!</string>
<string name="app_name">HelloWorld</string>
</resources>

Refer to
character
string

■TextView

1. Add character string
that displays on the
screen into character
string resource file.

on screen design resource file （res/layout/main.xml）

<TextView
android:text="@string/hello"
/>

Execute

3. Character string set in
strings.xml is
displayed.

2. Refer to character string of character string resource
file from Text Properties in TextView


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•

Insert character string set-up into character string
resource file.
1.
2.

Double click on res/values/strings.xml from Package Explorer.
Open file res/values/strings.xml by Resource Editor, then confirm to be sure that the right-hand
screen is displayed.

2

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3.
4.

Click on [Add…] button of Resource Tab, display Option screen of
additional element.
Select String from Option screen, click [OK] button.

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5.
6.

Confirm to be sure that String was inserted into Resources Elements
of Resources Tab.
Input value into Name, Value of “Attributes for String” of Resources
Tab as below.
Setting value of “Attributes for String”
Item Name

5

Name

button_label

Value

6

Setting value

Hello Button


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7.
8.
9.

Double click on res/layout/main.xml from Package Explorer
After starting up Layout editor, open Layout Tab, then select Button01
Change Text properties into @string/button_label from Properties
View.

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10. Select HelloWorld project from Package Explorer, right click then
11. Start emulator, confirm to be sure that the right-hand screen is
displayed.
•

Display character string of Button will become Hello Button.

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4.4. Modify Manifest file
• Manifest editor
– There are 5 functions to modify Manifest file.
• Manifest Tab
– Version information, extension information, etc…

• Application Tab
– usage component information, icon, application name, etc…

• Permissions Tab
– Access limit setting

• Instrumentation Tab
– Setting Class used for information gathering of profile, etc… (ex: TestRunner,
etc…)

• AndroidManifest.xml Tab
– Edit directly XML file


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4.4. Modify Manifest file
• What is manifest file?
– AndroidManifest.xml (1 file exists in application)
– Define the following information related to application.
•
•
•
•
•

Setting icon, title of application.
Definition about usage component (Activity, Service, etc…)
Definition related to conduct of component.
Setting access limit of application.
Setting usage of library.

■Explanation related to Manifest file.
http://developer.android.com/intl/ja/guide/topics/manifest/manifest-intro.html


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4.4.1. Add Activities into application
• Add Activities into application
File name
Additional Activities

HelloWorld2.java

Additional screen
design resource file

res/layout/
helloworld2.xml

– Add Activities HelloWorld2 into application.
– The screen design resource file of
HelloWorld2 is helloworld2.xml.


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•

Setting by Application Tab so that it is possible to use
Activities added to application.
1.
2.

Double click on AndroidManifest.xml from Package Explorer
Open file AndroidManifest.xml by Manifest editor. Select Application Tab in
Manifest editor, then confirm to be sure that the right-hand screen is
displayed.
2

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3.
4.

Click on [Add…] button in Application Nodes, display Option screen of
additional element.
Select Activity from Option screen, then click [OK] button.

4

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5.
6.

Confirm to be sure that Activity has been added into Application Nodes.
Input value as below into Name of Attributes for Activity.
Item name

Name

5

Setting value

HelloWorld2

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4.4.2. Set up Right of access to internet
•

Set up Right of access to internet by Permissions Tab
1.
2.

Double click on AndroidManifest.xml from Package Explorer.
Open AndroidManifest.xml file by Manifest editor. Select Permissons Tab in
Manifest editor, confirm to be sure that the screen on the right-hand picture
is displayed.

2

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3.
4.

Click on [Add…] button in Permissions, display Option screen of additional
elements.
Select Uses Permisson from Option screen, then click on [OK] button.

3

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140

5.
6.

5

Confirm to be sure that Permission is added into Permissions.
Select android.permission.INTERNET from pull-down menu of Name in
Attributes for Uses Permission.

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4.5. Usage method of emulator
• What is emulator?
– Read Android Virtual Device (AVD), emulate hardware operation on
computer.

• Function / Setting that not be supported by emulator
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Actual incoming call, outgoing call
USB connection
Camera/Videographer
Headphone connection
Communication usage Bluetooth
Connection status setting
Battery charging level, AC power source setting


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• What is Android Virtual Device (AVD)?
– It contains Android terminal information.
• Android operating environment information
(Operating environment for every version of Android)
• Skin information (outside exterior, monitor size)
• SD Card information


143

• Operating method of emulator
#

Device key

Content

1 Volume UP
1 2 3

2

Volume DOWN

11

4

3 Power source

Power On/Off

10

5

4 Select button

Select button

5 End call
9 8 7 6

Home
Move to Search window

7 Return

Return to previous screen

8 Menu
12

6 Search

Display menu on the screen

9 Home

Display home

10 Start call
8

11 Cross key

Move cursor

12 Keyboard

Key input


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• Switching screen orientation (Ctrl + F11)
– Screen display that fits orientation of device.

Portrait display

Landscape display

Detail information related to Android emulator
http://developer.android.com/intl/ja/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html

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4.6. Usage method of debug tool
• ADT
– We can use debug function of Eclipse in Android application
development.
• Breakpoint
• Step execution

• Dalvik Debug Monitor Services (DDMS)
– Android SDK Debug tool pack
– There are functions as below:
• Monitoring
• Emulator operating
• Acquiring information in emulator/hardware


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4.6.1. Usage method of ADT
• Usage method of Breakpoint/Step execution
– Both of setting method of Breakpoint/Step execution are similar to
usage method of Eclipse.
Debug View and
Step execution

Interrupt
processing by
Breakpoint


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4.6.1. Usage method of ADT
• Attention points when debugging on ADT
– It is necessary to set up in AndroidManifest.xml to debug using
hardware (Real Android terminal).
■AndroidManifest.xml
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="jp.oesf.mtgeduwg.training.rssreader"
android:versionCode="1"
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"
android:debuggable="true">
・・・
</application>
Set up debug
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion=“7" />
</manifest>

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4.6.2. Usage method of DDMS
• 2 methods to start DDMS
–

Execute ddms command
1.

2.

Select [Command prompt] in [All programs]-[Accessories] on Start Menu,
then start Command prompt.
Input ddms in Command prompt, then press [Enter] key.

DDMS started from command


149

• 2 methods to start DDMS
–

Use DDMS from Eclipse
1.

Select [Open Perspective]-[Other…]-[DDMS] from menu [Window] of
Eclipse.

※There is some functions that are unavailable compared to DDMS that
started command.

DDMS perspective of Eclipse


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•

Debug function of DDMS
–

Monitoring
1.
2.

–

Transmitting data to emulator
1.
2.
3.

–
–

Outgoing call
SMS sending
Transmit position information

Acquiring screenshot
Process management
1.
2.

–

Refer to log that application output
Refer to usage status resource

Execute garbage collection
Interrupt process

File operation

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4.6.3. Application log reference
• Application log reference
– We can refer to log that application outputs from LogCat view.

LogCat
Display log information that
be output from application.

Log Level
Level

E

Error information

W

Warning information

I

Operation information

D

Debug information

V

Detail information


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4.6.3. Application log reference
• Application log reference
– Use log output method of android.util.Log class to output log.

■ Sample code
import android.util.Log;
Log.e(“HelloWorld”, “Error Message”);
// Log that outputs errors
Log.w(“HelloWorld”, “Warning Message”);
// Log that outputs warnings
Log.i(“HelloWorld”, “Infomation Message”); // Log that outputs information of application operation
Log.d(“HelloWorld”, “Debug Message”);
// Log that outputs debug information
Log.v(“HelloWorld”, “Verbose Message”);
// Log that outputs detail information

Output Log


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4.6.4. Output log from Hello World
• Output application log when starting HelloWorld
1.
2.

Double click on HelloWorld.java from Package Explorer.
Confirm to make sure that source code of HelloWorld.java is opened,
screen on the right-hand picture is displayed.
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3.

Add 5 code that execute log output into HelloWorld#onCreate.
■HelloWorld.java
package jp.oesf.tutorial;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class HelloWorld extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
Log.e("HelloWorld", "Error Message");
Log.w("HelloWorld", "Warning Message");
Log.i("HelloWorld", "Infomation Message");
Log.d("HelloWorld", "Debug Message");
Log.v("HelloWorld", "Verbose Message");

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}

}

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4.
5.

Select HelloWorld project from Package Explorer, right click then select
[Run As]-[Android Application].
Confirm to be sure that emulator runs & right-hand screen is displayed.
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6.
7.

Modify perspective of Eclipse into DDMS, confirm to be sure that
screen of DDMS is displayed.
Confirm to be sure that 5 logs are output in LogCat view.
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7


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4.6.5. Confirm resource usage status
• Refer to resource usage status
– Information available to refer and display screen
• Info view (Only when executing command)
– Display process information (ID, DalvikVM information)

• Threads View
– Display information of operating threads.

• VM Heap View
– Display usage status of Heap memory.

• Allocation Tracker View
– Display memory ensure status (ensure class, method, etc…).

• Sysinfo View (only when executing command)
– Display in graph format system status (CPU usage rate, memory status).


158

4.6.5. Confirm resource usage status
• Refer to VM Heap information

Set Update into process that you
want to display Heap information.

Display in list the following
items:
Type of objects
Number of objects
Total amount of usage
memory
Minimum usage memory
Maximum usage memory
Average usage memory


159

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e

4.6.6. Transmit call to emulator
•

Transmit call (Transmit call to emulator)
1.
2.
3.

Select Emulator Control View.
Input phone number (09010000001) into Incoming number.
Select Voice, then click [Call] button.
Emulator Control

Input incoming number
ex.
Incoming number : 09010000001
Select Voice

Call
: Transmit call
Hang Up : Hang up the phone

1

Transmit call to Emulator, send
SMS, position information.

2

3


160

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e

4.6.6. Transmit call to emulator
4. Confirm incoming call from 09010000001 to emulator.
4
Incoming call to emulator
from 09010000001


161

4.6.7. Send SMS to emulator
•

SMS sending (Send SMS to emulator)
1.
2.
3.

Select Emulator Control View.
Input phone number (09010000001) into Incoming number.
Select SMS, input sending message (Hello Android) into Message,
then click [Send] button.

Input incoming number ・message
ex.
Incoming number : 09010000001
Select SMS
Message
: Hello Android

2

3
Send : Sending

162

4.6.7. Transmit SMS to emulator
4.

Confirm to be sure that message was transmitted from 09010000001
to emulator.

Notify “SMS receiving”

Message that sent into
Messaging application,
will be recorded.

4


163

4.6.8. Send position information to emulator
•

Send position information
1.
2.
3.
4.

Select Emulator Control view.
Open Manual tab, select Decimal.
Input Longitude/Latitude.
Click on [Send] button.


164

4.6.9. Other functions of emulator
• Acquire screenshots
1.
2.

When you click on [Screen Capture] button, screenshots of terminal
will be displayed on Device Screen Capture window.
Click [Save] button, then save file from Save window.
1
2

Preview display will be
displayed on Device
Screen Capture.

There are some
function including Save
as below:
Refresh : Re-acquire
Save
: Save
Done : Finish

165

• Execute garbage collection
1.
2.

Select process that executed garbage collection from Devices View.
Click on [Cause GC] button in Heap View

2
1


166

• Stop process
1.
2.

Select process that executed garbage collection from Devices View.
Click on [Stop Process] button in Devices View.
2

1


167

• Acquire/Forward/Delete file within Terminal device
1.
2.

Select FileExplorer View.
Click on buttons correspond to operation (Acquire/Forward/Delete file)
1

File Explorer
Display file information within terminal
device.
Reference scope is limited because
there is limit access for real device.

2

: Retrieve file from terminal
: Forward file to terminal
: Delete file


168

5. Practice

Copyright 2009, Open Embedded Software Foundation, All rights reserved

169

5.1. Outline
How to practice?
• Learn how to develop Android application in 5 steps
Step 2: The method to make
screen transition
Step 1: The method to make
screen design
- Make menu screen

- Recognize “Button has been
clicked“
- Add screen in List format
- Use intent to make screen
transition

Step 4: Search database with
specific criteria & display data
in detail screen
- Receive and send parameters
between activities
- Make narrow search from database
- Set screen view properties from the
program

Step 3: SQLite database
operations & display data in list
format
- Create database and table
- Search data from database
- Display searching result in list
format

Step 5: How to create option
menu
- Add option menu to application
- Recognize “option menu
clicked”
- Display dialogue on screen


170

5.1. Outline
Preparation for practice
• Take skeleton project for practice in Eclipse.
– Storage place
• C:android_trainingskeleton_project
– Take 「RssReaderSkeleton1」in this folder.

– How to take it in?
• Start Eclipse, select 「Import」 from 「File」menu, display 「Import」 dialog.
• Select 「Existing Projects into Workspace」 from 「General」 in 「Import」
dialogue, and press 「Next」 button, specify then take root directory in
skeleton project in.
– Make a check mark in 「Copy projects into workspace」.


171

5.1. Outline
Practice application outline
• Create RSS Reader in practice
– RSS reader created in practice will acquire RSS feed ( information in XML
format) from internet and be saved in database. Search database, then
display RSS feed on screen.
Get RSS feed from
internet

Menu screen

Register RSS feed
into database.

Internet

Database

Search RSS feed
from database
After registration
into database
finished, display
dialogue.

List screen

Click “List display”
button

Select List
data


Detail screen

172

5.1. Outline
Practice application outline
• RSS reader screen and function outline
– RSS reader created in practice, is configured by 3 screens.
RSS reader

Start

①
Menu
screen

･･･ Direction of screen transition

②
List
screen

③
Detail
screen

#

Screen name

Function outline

1

Menu screen

• Start List screen
• Display option menu
• After clicking on option menu, get RSS feed from internet then register into
database
• After getting RSS feed, display Finish message on dialogue.

2

List screen

• Display RSS feed that is registered in database in List format.

3

Detail screen

• Display title, sending time, sender’s name, detail content of RSS feed that is
selected in List screen.

173

5.2. The method of making screen design
• Learn how to make screen design in Android application.
• Learn the following via practice.
– Method of making screen design using Layout editor.
– Method of creating string character resource file using Resource editor.


174

Create menu screen
• Method of making screen design using Layout editor.
– We can make screen design based on resource file in XML format in
Android application.
1. Resource file
Open （res/layout/main.xml）,
start layout editor

2

（Refer to「4.2.1. Create resource file」for
Layout editor)

2. Display in Menu screen
Arrange 「List display」button
by Drag & Drop

1

Arrange 「Button」 from
「Views」 by Drag &
Drop

（Refer to「4.2.1. Create resource file」for
method of arranging button）

Use Layout editor to open
res/layout/main.xml


175

Create menu screen
3.

Use Properties View, set properties of arranged button.
–

Set id, layout_width, layout_height

3

3. Set id, height, width in
properties.

176

Create menu screen
• Setting value of properties
– id
• id that use when refers to View from program.
• Format of setting value
– @+id/<option id>

• Set example （In case of putting id that called ”a_button” on button）
– @+id/a_button

– layout_width
• Set the width of View
• Format setting value
– Numerical value +Unit
・・・ Specify by numerical value. Specify px, dip, etc … as for
unit.
– wrap_content ・・・ Fit the width of display character string, etc … in View.
– fill_parent
・・・ Fit automatically numerical value in new View.

– layout_height
• Set height of View
• Format of setting value is similar to layout_width

177

Create menu screen
• Confirm to be sure that the screen created in emulator will be
displayed.
– Select project in Android application, right-click then select 「Android
Application」 from 「Run As」.
Specify 「RssReader」project, and
right-click

Implement
application

Select 「Android Application」 from 「Run
As」 in menu that is displayed when
right –click

178

Create menu screen
• Use resource editor, set character string displayed on screen into character
string resource file （res/values/strings.xml）.
–

We can collect character string that displayed on the screen into resource file in Android application.

■Character string resource file (res/values/strings.xml)

Add character string that
display on the screen into
character string resource file.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding=“utf-8"?>
<resources>
<string name=“app_name”> RssReader </string>
<string name=“go_to_list_page_button_label”> List Display</string>
</resources>

Refer to
character
string

■Resource file of screen design (res/layout/main.xml)
Refer to character string of character
<Button
string resource file from button
android:id="@+id/list_button"
properties.
android:text=“@string/go_to_list_page_button_label“
/>

179

Create menu screen
• Refer to character string that display in button be disposed in
menu screen from character string resource file.
– Use resource editor, open character string resource file
(res/values/strings.xml).
– Add setting of button display character string into character string
resource file.
(Refer “4.3. Use resource besides design” for additional procedure)
– Use Layout Editor, open Screen design resource file (res/layout/main.xml),
use character string of character string resource file by character string of
button properties.
– Execute application, confirm to be sure that character string is displayed.


180

p
実 5.2. The method of making screen
r
習 Create menu screen
a
c
t Practice 1
i
c • Practice theme
– Create screen design of Menu screen.
e

design

• There is 1 button in Menu screen.
• Display “List Display” in the button.


181

p
実 5.2. The method of making screen design
r
a
c
t Practice 1
i
c • Practice procedure
1. Open resource file (res/layout/main.xml) by Layout Editor, arrange
e
buttons in Menu screen.
2. Set properties (id, height, width) for arranged buttons.
3. Add “List Display” to character string displayed in button into character
string resource file (res/values/strings.xml).
4. Change setting of character string resource file that Text properties of
the button is set into “Reference”.


182

p
r
a
c
t Practice 1
i
– Setting information 1
c
• Set the following value for View properties arranged in the screen.
e
#

2

View

Properties

1

1

LinearLayout

1. android:layout_width=“fill_parent”
2. android:layout_height=“fill_parent”

2

Button

1.
2.
3.
4.

android:id=“@+id/list_button”
android:layout_width=“fill_parent”
android:layout_height=“wrap_content”
android:text=“@string/go_to_list_page_button_label”


183

p
r
a
c
t Practice 1
i
c
• Add the following value character string into character string resource file.
e
※ The format added into character string resource file will be
<string name=“Key”>Value</string>

Key

Value

Content

go_to_list_page_button_label

List display

Character string displayed in button 「List display」


184

p
実 5.2. The method of making
r
a
c
t Practice 1
i
c
• Create the following resource file.
e
Screen
Menu screen

－

Resource file

screen design

Description

res/layout/main.xml
（Resource file）

• Arrange button “List display” in Menu screen

res/values/strings.xml
（Character string resource file）

• Add character string “List display” displayed in the
button “List display”.


185

p
r
a
c
t Practice 1
i
c • Verification method
– Execute the practice application, make sure that “List display button” is
e
displayed.


186

p
実 5.2. The method of
r
a
c
t Practice 1
i
c • Practice answer
– res/layout/main.xml
e

making screen design

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_height="fill_parent“
>
<Button
android:id="@+id/list_button"
android:text="@string/go_to_list_page_button_label"
/>
</LinearLayout>


187

p
実 5.2. The method of
r
a
c
t Practice 1
i
– res/values/strings.xml
e

making screen design

<resources>
<string name="app_name">RssReader</string>
<string name="go_to_list_page_button_label"> List display </string>
</resources>


188

5.3. The method of screen transition
• Learn how to make screen transition in Android application
• Learn the following by practice
– The method of recognizing that “Button has been clicked”.
– The method of adding the screen in list format to application.
– The method of implementing screen transition used Intent class.


189

5.2. The method of making screen transition
Recognize “Button has been clicked”
• How to recognize “Button has been clicked”
– Mechanism
• When you click a button, “Event” will be created. Prepare “Event listener” to
recognize this event by program.
• Register “Event listener” that has been created beforehand to the button
that you want to recognize event.
• When event created by button, specified method will be retrieved.
Event listener
public void onClick(View view)
{

Click button

// Process

Event raised

}
Processing will
be executed


190

• How to execute processing when after clicking the button on the
screen?
1.
2.
3.

Event listener implement interface 「OnClickListener」.
Implement method onClick in “event listener”.
Use method View#setOnClickListener to register “event listener” to button.
• Sample code (Activity will be used as “event listener” in Sample code)
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
public class SampleActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
・・・1
public void onClick(View view) {
・・・・・・・・
・・・2
findViewById
}
Method of class Activity that
@Override
acquire View object contain id
specified by argument.
View listButton = findViewById(R.id.list_button);
・・・3
listButton.setOnClickListener(this);
}
}


191

• How to decide View clicked by method onClick?
– Get “id” of View from argument “view” to decide.
• Sample code (How to decide whether the 「list_button」 of the screen has
been clicked?)
if (view.getId() == R.id.list_button) {
・・・・・・・・
}
}
View#getId
Method acquiring id from
object View


192

p
実 5.2. The method of making screen transition
r
習 Recognize “Button has been clicked”
a
c
t Practice 2
i
– When you click on the button “List display” of menu screen, log will be
e
output.

Click on the
button “List
display”


193

p
r
a
c
t Practice 2
i
1. Implement OnClickListener to make RssReaderActivity “event listener”
e
2.

Output log by method onClick of RssReaderActivity.
• Tag：「RssReaderActivity 」
• Message：「Clicked.」

3.

Register “event listener” to button “List display” by RssReaderActivity
#onCreate.


194

p
r
a
c
t Practice 2
i
– Setting information
c
• Implement the following class, method
e
Screen

Class

Method
onCreate

Menu screen

RssReaderActivity
onClick

transition

Description
• Register “event listener” of the button “List display”.

• Output log
Log message 「Clicked.」


195

p
r
a
c
t Practice 2
i
– Verify output of Log message by LogCat after pressing “List display”
e
button of Menu screen.

Click “List
display” button

Check output of Log message “Clicked.”


196

p
r
a
c
t Practice 2
i
– RssReaderActivity
e

transition

package jp.oesf.mtgeduwg.training.rssreader;
public class RssReaderActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
Log.v("RssReaderActivity","Clicked");
}
@Override
View listButton = findViewById(R.id.list_button);
listButton.setOnClickListener(this);
}
}

197

Add the screen in list format
• How to add the screen in list format to Android application
– Create new resource file screen design.
– Create screen design in List display.
– Create Activity class of additional screen.


198

• Create new screen design resource file
– Procedure
1.
2.
3.
4.

Select directory res/layout
Press additional button Android XML
Input file name of created resource file
Press Finish button

2

3

You can choose View group
such as LinearLayout,
TableLayout, ScrollView, …

1

4

199

• How to create screen in list format
– Mechanism
• Create 2 screen design resource files in “screen design of line” and “screen
design of frame” to create screen in List format.
• Use ListView to create screen design in List format for “screen design of
frame”.
• Create connection between “screen design of frame” and “screen design of
line” by program.
Screen design
Screen design of frame

represents frame

Screen design of line
Screen design
represents line

・・
・


200

• How to create screen design of frame
1. Create new resource file of frame design in res/layout/.
2. Arrange ListView in screen design resource file created in step 1.
3. Set 「@android:id/list」 to properties 「id」 of ListView.
• Make sure to set 「@android:id/list」 to 「id」, in order to list display usage
ListView function.
Screen design of frame

Screen design of line

・
・
・

■list.xml
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<ListView
android:id="@android:id/list"
/>
</LinearLayout>


201

4.

In case there is no data to be displayed, you can display View instead.
In that case, arrange View used for alternative display in screen design
& set 「@android:id/empty」 to 「id」.
■list.xml
<LinearLayout
>
<ListView
/>
<TextView
android:id="@android:id/empty"
android:text="@string/empty"
/>
</LinearLayout>


202

• Method of creating screen design of line
1.
2.

Create new resource file of line design in res/layout/.
Open new screen design resource file, arrange View displayed in 1
record of the List.
■list_row.xml
<LinearLayout android:id="@+id/LinearLayout"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<TextView android:text=""
android:id="@+id/feed_title"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
</TextView>
</LinearLayout>


203

• Create new Activity class of Screen
– Procedure
1. Choose [New]-[Class] from menu [File] of Eclipse.

1


204

2.
3.

4.

Input Activity class name that was created in Name, package that creates
class in Package.
Set subclass of Activity class or class 「android.app.Activity」 in SuperClass.
Select Activity class according to created screen.
※In case creating List screen, set 「android.app.ListActivity」.
Press Finish button
Set 「android.app.ListActivity」 to
SuperClass to add Activity of List
screen

2

3

4

205

5. Implement method Activity#onCreate in Activity class created in step 4.
6. Run method onCreate of new class in method Activity#onCreate.
7. After running method onCreate of new class, run method
Activity#setContentView, then display screen design. Set argument of
method Activity#setContentView that obtained id of additional screen
design from R class.
• Sample code

import android.app.ListActivity;
public class RssListActivity extends ListActivity {
@Override
setContentView(R.layout.list);
}

・・・5
・・・6
・・・7

}


206

p
r
習 Add the screen in list format
a
c
t Practice 3
i
– Create screen design of List screen
e

screen transition

• In case there is data to be displayed, display title of RSS Feed.
• In case there is no data to be displayed, display “No data”.

Title of RSS
Feed

“Display data exist” case

“Display data no exist” case


207

p
r
a
c
t Practice 3
i
1. Create new Screen design resource files（res/layout/list.xml）for
e
Framework design of Screen list
2. Use Layout Editor to open the screen design resource files of
Framework design, put ListView
3. In case of there isn’t data display in list, put a TextView to display a
message
4. Set up the properties for ListView, TextView
5. Add the message displayed in case of there isn’t data display in list into
string resource files（res/values/strings.xml）


p
r
a
c
t Practice 3
i
6. Refer the setting of string resource files added in 5. to modify the text
c
properties of Textview put in 3.
e
7. Create new Screen design resource files （res/layout/list_row.xml） for
Line design of Screen list
8. Use Layout editor to open Line design resource files, put TextView that
be set up the RSS feed for title character
9. Modify TextView properties put in 8.
10. Create new RssListActivity
• RssListActivity is the class that be created by inheriting ListActivity

11. Override the RssListActivity#onCreate method
12. Execute setContentView in/by RssListActivity#onCreate method, load
res/layout/list.xml of Screen design resource files

p
r
a
c
t Practice 3
i
c
• Create the following resource files
e
Screen

screen transition

Resource files

Content

The whole

• Put the ListView that displays the data in list form
• Put the TextView that displays an alternative in case of there isn’t
data to view

res/layout/list_row.xml

Screen list

res/layout/list.xml

• Put View that displays RSS feed title

res/values/strings.xml

• Add the setting for string displayed in alternative TextView

• Add the following string into String resource files（res/values/strings.xml）
※ The form for addition into String resource files is <string name=“key”>value</string>
Key

Value

empty

There isn’t data


p
r
a
c
t Practice 3
i
c
e
Screen

Class

Method

Screen list

RssListActivity

onCreate

transition

Overview
• Display the res/layout/list.xml of Screen design by/in
setContentView method


p
r
a
c
t Practice 3
i
c
• Set up the following information for View properties placed in framework of
e
Screen design

1

2

# View

Property

1 ListView

1. android:id=“@android:id/list”
3. android:layout_height=“wrap_content”

2 TextView

1.
2.
3.
4.


android:id=“@android:id/empty”
android:layout_width=“wrap_content”
android:layout_height=“wrap_content”
android:text=“@string/empty”

p
r
a
c
t Practice 3
i
c
• Set up the following information for View placed in line of Screen design
e
1

#

View

Property

1

TextView

1. android:id=“@+id/feed_title”


p
r
a
c
t Practice 3
i
c • Verify method
– Compare the following resource files and Java source code with the
e
answers of practice, use source-based to verify
• Resource files
– res/layout/list.xml
– res/layout/list_row.xml
– res/layout/strings.xml

• Java source code
– RssListActivity.java


p
r
a
c
t Practice 3
i
c • Practice Answers
– res/layout/list.xml
e

screen transition

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
>
<ListView
/>
<TextView
android:id="@android:id/empty"
android:text="@string/empty"
/>
</LinearLayout>

p
r
a
c
t Practice 3
i
– res/layout/list_row.xml
e

screen transition

<LinearLayout android:id="@+id/LinearLayout"
<TextView android:text=""
android:id="@+id/feed_title"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
</TextView>
</LinearLayout>


p
実
r
習
a
c
t
i
c
e

Practice 3
• Practice Answers
– res/values/strings.xml
<resources>
<string name="app_name">RssReader</string>
<string name="go_to_list_page_button_label"> display list </string>
<string name="empty"> No data </string>
</resources>


p
r
a
c
t Practice 3
i
– RssListActivity
e

screen transition

import android.app.ListActivity;
import android.widget.ListView;
@Override
setContentView(R.layout.list);
}
}


Use Intent to perform Screen transition
• Perform Screen transition
– Mechanism
•
•
•

Create an intent object from the information of Screen transition source
Use the created intent object to execute the method that calls out Activity, the
Screen transition target can be displayed
When transiting screen to new created screen, the activities of Screen transition
target must be registered in AndroidManifest.xml
Create Intent object

Screen A
Intent

Intent
. “Key”, “Value”

Android

Screen B
Intent

The image of transition from Screen A to Screen B

• The method of using intent to perform Screen transition
1.

Create intent object
• Give the object of activities of transition source (self screen) and the class
information of activities of transition target into argument of intent, then
create

2.

Execute Activity#startActivity method. Give the Intent object that
created in 1. into argument of method
• Sample source (sample of transiting from SampleActivity to NextActivity)
import android.content.Intent;

public class SampleActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
Intent intent = new Intent(this,NextActivity.class);
・・・1
startActivity(intent);
・・・2
}
}

• Insert the setting of AndroidManifest.xml into added screen
– To use the added screen from application, set up for AndroidManifest.xml
• Refer set up method in 「 4.4.1. Insert the Activity into Application」

– If not perform the setting for AndroidManifest.xml, when execute Screen
transition, the error will occur
• Sample code（in case: insert NextActivity into AndroidManifest.xml）
package="jp.oesf.sample” android:versionCode="1” android:versionName="1.0">
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity android:name=".SampleActivity” android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
Insert the setting of
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
NextActivity class
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:name="NextActivity" android:label="@string/next_activity_title"></activity>
</application>
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion=“7" />
</manifest>

p
r
習 Use Intent to perform Screen transition
a
c
t Practice 4
i
– When pressed on [ Display list] button on menu screen, the process of
e
transiting screen to screen list is created

Click on
Display list

Transiting
screen


p
r
a
c
t Practice 4
i
1. Create the Intent object that is transited to Screen list when pressed on
e
2.
3.

[Display list] on RssReaderActivity class
Use Activity#startActivity method to execute the process of transiting screen
to Screen list
Insert the setting of RssListActivity class of Screen list into
AndroidManifest.xml


p
r
a
c
t Practice 4
i
c
• Implement the following Class, method
e
Screen

Class

Method

Menu screen

RssReaderActivity

onClick

Overview
• Start Display list screen when Display list button is clicked


p
r
a
c
t Practice 4
i
c • Verify method
– Verify the transiting screen to Screen list when pressed the [Display list]
e
button on menu screen
– When there isn’t data display in list, the message [No data] is displayed

Click on
Display list

Transiting
screen


p
r
a
c
t Practice 4
i
– RssReaderActivity#onClick
e
import android.content.Intent;

・・・・・・・・
if (R.id.list_button == view.getId()) {
Intent intent = new Intent(this, RssListActivity.class);
}
}
}

p
r
a
c
t Practice 4
i
– AndroidManifest.xml
e
package="jp.oesf.mtgeduwg.training.rssreader"
android:versionCode="1"
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"
android:debuggable="true">
<activity android:name="RssReaderActivity" android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"></action>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"></category>
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:label="@string/app_name" android:name="RssListActivity"></activity>
</application>
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="3" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission>
</manifest>

5.4. Search Database in all cases and Display list
• Learn the method of researching data by operate database
(SQLite) from application
• Learn the following things by practicing
• The method of operating SQLite from Android
• The method of researching data from database
• The method of displaying research results in Screen list


• What is SQLite?
– Lightweight Database
•
•
•
•

Use simple single file database to store data
Can use SQL for Database operations
Can manage transactions
Specifications, source code are being published, drivers have been
developed in many languages

– Reference
• http://www.sqlite.org/
• http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQLite


• Operating database（SQLite）is
– Use the following classes that provided by Android
• SQLiteOpenHelper class
– Create Database
– Create Table
– Perform Database connection ( Open)/ disconnection (Close)

• SQLiteDatabase class
– Perform Table search/insert/ renew/ delete
– Execute the specified SQL


• Overview of the processing from database to search data


Create database, table and search in database
• Use SQLiteOpenHelper to create Database
– Mechanism
• In order to create Database, the inherited subclass of SQLiteOpenHelper
class must be created
• SQLite Database file is created by the execution of SQLiteOpenHelper class
constructor that executed by subclass constructor
• When Database file is already existing, even if constructor is executed in 2nd
time or more, Files can not be created. Database file only be created when
files are inexistent


• Use SQLiteOpenHelper to create Database
– Mechanism
• When Database is created by SQLiteOpenHelper, onCreate method is
executed. By executing the SQL that tables be created by onCreate method,
the Tables can be created.
• Need SQLiteDatabase objects to execute SQL. Because of SQLiteDatabase
objects can be given by SQLiteOpenHelper#onCreate, use SQLiteDatabase
objects to execute SQL.


• The method of Creation Database, Table by using
SQLiteOpenHelper
1.
2.

Create subclass of SQLiteOpenHelper class
Execute the constructor of SQLiteOpenHelper class by constructor of the
class created in 1., create Database

3.

Implement 2 methods that are decided by SQLiteOpenHelper
• onCreate ： the method that implements the Table creation process
• onUpgrade ： the table that implements the Table definition renew process
※ In SQLiteOpenHelper, implementation of the methods above is an obligation, if
not implement, it will be compile error

4.

Execute the SQL statement that creates Table (CREATE TABLE statement）at
SQLiteOpenHelper#onCreate
• SQL statements execution method
1. Create the string for the SQL statement that creates Table
2. onCreate method SQLiteDatabase database, in the 1st argument of execSQL
method, provide the string for SQL statement, then execute

• Sample code
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;

In sample code, the subclass
name is
「SampleSQLiteOpenHelper」

public class SampleSQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { ・・・1
public SampleSQLiteOpenHelper(Context context) {
// Create Database （Database name is 「 SAMPLE_DATABASE 」）
super(context, “SAMPLE_DATABASE”, null, 1);
}

・・・2

// The method that implements the Table creation process
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase database) {
// Execute CREATE TABLE statement
database.execSQL(“CREATE TABLE SAMPLE_TABLE(_id INTEGER,name TEXT);”);
}

・・・3
・・・4

// The method that implements the Table definition renew process
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase database, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
}
}

• Search data from database
– Mechanism
• Need SQLiteDatabase objects to search data from database
• By executing SQLiteDatabase#query method, the results can be gotten by
Cursor class
• Get SQLiteDatabase objects by SQLiteOpenHelper method. Depend on uses,
there are 2 methods of getting SQLiteDatabase
– getReadableDatabase ・・・ get SQLiteDatabase objects that have specialized
reading
» Only use in case of execute the searching
– getWritableDatabase
・・・ get SQLiteDatabase objects that have written ability
» Use in case of execute the process of writing/entry into Table
※ In case of execute the searching only, use getReadableDatabase method


• Beside the query method for Search execution, SQLiteDatabase class also
provides the following methods. By using these methods, the information of
Database can be gotten or renewed
Methods

Overview

query()

Search Data

insert()

Register Data

update()

Renew Data

delete()

Delete Data

execSQL()

Execute the optional SQL statement to operate data

In table: The typical methods of SQLiteDatabase
and overview
■ Refer the detail of SQLiteDatabase in Reference of Android Developers
http://developer.android.com/intl/ja/reference/android/database/sqlite/SQLiteDatabase.html


• The method of Search data by using SQLiteDatabase#query
method
1.
2.
3.
4.

Create the objects of SQLiteOpenHelper subclass
Use SQLiteOpenHelper#getReadableDatabase method to get
SQLiteDatabase objects
Execute SQLiteDatabase#query method to get the Cursor objects of
Search results
If using Cursor at Activity, execute Activity#startManagingCursor to
transmit Cursor management to Activity
※ By transmitted Cursor management to Activity, the management of Cursor
object ( such as destruction…) is performed automatically

5.

Execute SQLiteDatabase#close method to close database


• Sample code
SampleSQLiteOpenHelper databaseOpenHelper = new SampleSQLiteOpenHelper(this);
SQLiteDatabase database = null;
Cursor cursor = null;
try {
// Get the SQLiteDatabase objects that have specialized reading
database = databaseOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
// Execute the Searching, get the Cursor object of searching results
cursor = database.query(“SAMPLE_TABLE", null, null, null, null, null, null);
// Transfer the Cursor object management to Activity
startManagingCursor(cursor);
} finally {
if (database != null) {
// Disconnect/ cut off with Database
database.close();
}
}


・・・2

・・・3

・・・4

・・・5

・・・1

• The method of executing the specified SQL by using
SQLiteDatabase#execSQL method
– Sample code（ Execution of CREATE TABLE statement）
public class SampleSQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
・・・・・・・・
// The method that implements the Table creation process
@Override
// Execute the CREATE TABLE statement
database.execSQL(“CREATE TABLE SAMPLE_TABLE(_id INTEGER,name TEXT);”);
}
・・・・・・・・
}


p
実
r
習
a Create database, table and search in database
c
t Practice 5
i
– Create Database and Table when starting Screen list
e
– Send the Database files that used for search test to emulator. After that,
execute Table search and get Cursor object


※The subclass of SQLiteOpenHelper is provided at Skeleton project as
DatabaseOpenHelper class
※The Database files for search test are also provided as the same
※Use the Table called RSS_FEED to perform searching. The SQL statement
that creates RSS_FEED table is provided as an invariable/ constant at
DatabaseOpenHelper


p
実
r
習
c
t Practice 5
i
1. Execute the SQL statement that creates RSS_FEED table by
e
DatabaseOpenHelper#onCreate method


• SQL statements are provided at Skeleton project

2.

Use RssListActivity#onResume method to execute the follows process
1. Execute DatabaseOpenHelper#getReadableDatabase method, get
SQLiteDatabase object
2. After getting SQLiteDatabase object, in Log message that outputs open log,
output 「Succeeded in open the database.」
3. After outputing open log, execute SQLiteDatabase#query method, then
execute the RSS_FEED table Search
4. After executing SQLiteDatabase#query method, if the returned Cursor
object of query method is not null value, output the Search log. Output 「
Got cursor.」in Log message

p
実
r
習
c
t Practice 5
i
5. After outputting the Search log, close Database
c
6. After closing Database, output Close log
e
In Log message, output 「Succeeded in close the database. 」


7.

Use DDMS to transmit Database files used for Search test (files of SQLite)
to Emulator
※ Sending files method is written in next page


p
実
r
習
c
t Practice 5
i
※ The procedure of sending Database files used for Search test to
c
Emulator by using DDMS
e


1. Select Eclipse menu [Window]-[Open Perspective]-[Other…] to open
「Open Perspective 」window
2. Select 「DDMS」from Open Perspective window, open DDMS perspective

2

1
Select
Other…


p
実
r
習
c
t Practice 5
i
3. Open File Explorer view of DDMS perspective, select
c
「 data/data/jp.oesf.mtgeduwg.training.rssreader/databases 」, then press
e
「Push a file onto the device」button


4. On File selection dialog, select data stored in
「C:android_trainingtestdata」

4

3


p
実
r
習
a Create database, table and search in
c
t Practice 5
i
c
• Implement the following classes, methods
e


Screen

Class

Method

－

DatabaseOpenHelper

Constructor

database

Overview
• Create Database
• Database name is 「data」

onCreate

Screen list

RssListActivity

• Create Table in Database
• RSS_FEED table

onResume

• Connect/ open to Database
• Search all RSS_FEED Tables, get Search results
• Disconnect/ close to Database


p
実
r
習
a Create database, table and
c
t Practice 5
i
c
• Create the following Tables
e

search in database

– RSS_FEED

※ The SQL statements that used for Table creation are provided at DatabaseOpenHelper class of
Practice Application
Column name

Type

Overview

_id

INTEGER

GUID

TEXT

• The identifier assigned into RSS feed

TITLE

TEXT

• Title

PUBLISH_DATE

TEXT

• Delivery/send date

DESCRIPTION

TEXT

• Detail content

LINK

TEXT

• Link

SENDER_NAME

TEXT

• The name of deliverer/ sender

• Primary key
• Auto increment


p
実
r
習
c
t Practice 5
i
– When started the Screen list, verify the following output log by LogCat
e


• Open log
• Search log
• Close log

「Succeeded in open the database.」
「Got cursor. 」
「Succeeded in close the database. 」


p
実
r
習
a Create database, table
c
t Practice 5
i
– DatabaseOpenHelper
e

and search in database

package jp.oesf.mtgeduwg.training.rssreader.helper;
public class DatabaseOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
/** Database File name */
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "data";
/** The SQL that creates RSS Feed table */
private static final String CREATE_RSS_FEED_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE RSS_FEED("
+ "_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,"
+ "SENDER_NAME TEXT, URL TEXT, TITLE TEXT, PUBLISH_DATE TEXT, DESCRIPTION TEXT, LINK TEXT,"
+ "GUID TEXT);“;


p
実
r
習
a Create database, table and search
c
t Practice 5
i
– DatabaseOpenHelper (Continue)
e

in database

public DatabaseOpenHelper(Context context) {
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
@Override
database.execSQL(CREATE_RSS_FEED_TABLE);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase database, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
}
}


p
実
r
習
a Create database, table and
c
t Practice 5
i
– RssListActivity#onResume
e

search in database

protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
DatabaseOpenHelper databaseOpenHelper = new DatabaseOpenHelper(this);
try {
Log.v("RssListActivity", "Succeeded in open the database.");
cursor = database.query("RSS_FEED", null, null, null, null, null, null);
if(cursor != null){
Log.v("RssListActivity", "Got cursor.");
}
} finally {
database.close();
Log.v("RssListActivity", "Succeeded in close the database.");
}
}
}
}


Display Data in list form
• Display on Screen the data searched from Database in list form
– Mechanism
• Need ListView and ListActivity class to display in list the data gotten from
Cursor on screen
• Android provides the mechanism called Adapter in order to display in list
the Cursor information
• By using Cursor object, ListActivity and Adapter in association, the Cursor
information is displayed in ListView of the Screen
Cursor Object


Display Data in list form
• The method of displaying Cursor object content on list screen
1.
2.

Create SimpleCursorAdapter object from Cursor object
Use ListActivity#setListAdapter method to register
SimpleCursorAdapter object in ListActivity
• Sample code

Use the following arguments to create
・・・・・・・・
SimpleCursorAdapter object
@Override
• Activity
• Line design id
super.onResume();
DatabaseOpenHelper databaseOpenHelper =
• Cursor
new DatabaseOpenHelper(this);
• The key of Data gotten from Cursor
• The id of View placed on Line design for
display the gotten Data
try {
SimpleCursorAdapter rssFeedCursorAdapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this,
R.layout.list_row,
cursor,
new String[] {"TITLE"},
・・・1
new int[] {R.id.feed_title});
setListAdapter(rssFeedCursorAdapter);
・・・2
・・・・・・・・


p
実
r
習
a Display Data in list form
c
t Practice 6
i
– Execute Search the RSS Feed data stored in Database, display in list RSS
e
Feed titles on list screen


Screen
transition
RSS Feed title


p
実
r
習
c
t Practice 6
i
1. Create SimpleCursorAdapter object from Cursor object gotten in
e
Practice 5
2. After creating SimpleCursorAdapter object, execute
RssListActivity#setListAdapter method, register SimpleCursorAdapter
object in RssListActivity



p
実
r
習
c
t Practice 6
i
c
e


Screen

Class

Method

List screen

RssListActivity

onResume

Overview
• Search RSS Feed from Database then display in list form on
list screen


p
実
r
習
c
t Practice 6
i • Verification method
c
– After transited screen from menu screen to list screen, verify the display
e
in list of RSS Feed titles on list screen


In menu screen,
click on List
display button

Screen
transition
RSS Feed title


p
実
r
習
c
t Practice 6
i
– RssListActivity#onResume
e


・・・・・・・・
@Override
super.onResume();
try {
SimpleCursorAdapter rssFeedCursorAdapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this,
R.layout.list_row,
cursor,
new String[] {"TITLE"},
new int[] {R.id.feed_title});
setListAdapter(rssFeedCursorAdapter);
} finally {
database.close();
}
}
}
}


5.5. Search Database for 1 item and Display detail
• Learn the method of narrowing search by specifying criteria from
database.
• Learn the following by practice:
• The method of recognizing that 1 item has been selected from the data
displayed in list.
• The method of receiving and sending parameters between Activities.
• The method of narrowing search from database.
• The method of retrieving a value from searching data.
• The method of setting screen View properties from the program.


Receive and send parameters between Screens
• How to recognize that 1 item has been selected from the data
displayed in list?
– Mechanism
• When you click and select 1 item from the data displayed in ListView, the
specified method of Activity will be called out.


• The method of recognizing that 1 item has been selected from
the data displayed in list.
– Implement ListActivity#onListItemClick method on Activity displayed in List
• Sample code
・・・・・・・・
@Override
protected void onListItemClick(ListView listView, View view, int position, long id) {
super.onListItemClick(listView, view, position, id);
// Describe solution after selected 1 item
}
}


• How to send and receive parameters between Activities?
– Mechanism
• By setting the parameter that you want to receive & send to “Intent” object
generated during screen transition to send & receive parameter between
Activities.
• Parameter will be set by combination of key & value.
• The transited screen will use Method of Activity to acquire sent “Intent” object,
the origin screen will use the key used when setting parameter to get the value
from “Intent” object.
Activity A

Fill “Intent” with
parameter (Key & value)
Intent

. “Key”, “Value”

Activity B

Intent

Intent

Android

• Acquire parameter from
“Intent”
• Specify the Key of
parameter then output
the value


• The method of receiving and sending parameter using “Intent”
– The source Activity
1.
2.

Generate “Intent” object in the source Activity.
Use method Intent#putExtra in “Intent” object to add parameter.
– Set parameter by a set of “Key & value”.

3.
•

Call out the destination Activity using method Activity#startActivity.
Sample code (the source Activity)

public class SampleListActivity extends ListActivity {
・・・・・・・・
@Override
Intent intent = new Intent(this, NextActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(“id”, id);
}

}

・・・1
・・・2
・・・3


– The started up Activity
1. The started up Activity will use method Activity#getIntent to acquire
“Intent” object.
2. Acquire parameter that is being put away in “Intent” object by using
method Intent#getExtras
3. Use method “getter” corresponded to data format, specify the Key from
parameter, then acquire the value.
• Sample code (Example of acquiring parameter by “onCreate”)
public class NextActivity extends Activity {
・・・・・・・・
@Override
Intent intent = getIntent();
Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
long id = extras.getLong(“id”);
}
}

・・・1
・・・2
・・・3


p
実 5.5. Search Database for 1 item and Display detail
r
習
a Receive and send parameters between Screens
c
t Practice 7
i
– After 1 RSS Feed is selected from the list screen, the screen will be
e
transited to detail screen. At that time, “id” of the RSS Feed selected
from the list screen will be received and sent to detail screen, and the
“id” received when starting up detail screen will be output to Log.

Click 1 item
from the
List screen

Screen
transitio
n

Receive and
send “id” to
parameter

p
r
習
c
t Practice 7
i
1. Create Screen design resource file (res/layout/detail.xml) of detail
e
screen.
2. Open Screen design resource file of detail screen by Layout Editor,
then arrange TextView by the following order.
Title
Date
Sender’s name
Content


p
r
習
c
t Practice 7
i
3. Set properties of TextView arranged in detail screen.
c
4. Implement method RssListActivity#onListItemClick.
e
5. Generate “Intent” object transited to DetailActivity by method
RssListActivity#onListItemClick.
6. Set argument “id” of method RssListActivity#onListItemClick in
generated “Intent” object.
7. Transit to DetailActivity by using method Activity#startActivity.
8. Acquire “Intent” object by method DetailActivity#onResume.
9. Get “id” value from acquired “Intent” object, then output to Log.
•

Log output format
–
–

tag
message

： DetailActivity
: id = <Acquired id>


p
実 5.5. Search Database for 1 item and Display
r
習
c
t Practice 7
i
c
e
Screen
Detail
screen

Resource file

detail

Content

res/layout/detail.xml

• Arrange TextView displaying title of RSS Feed, sending date, sender’s
name, content.

Screen

Class

Method

Description

List screen

RssListActivity

onListItemClick

• Transfer “id” of RSS Feed selected in List screen to detail screen,
open detail screen.

Detail
screen

DetailActivity

onCreate

• Display screen design of res/layout/detail.xml by method
setContentView.

onResume

• Output “id” of RSS Feed transferred from List screen to Log.


p
r
習
c
t Practice 7
i
c
• Set the following information to View properties.
e
#

1
2
3
4

View

Properties

1

TextView

1. android:id=“@+id/title”
2. android:layout_width=“wrap_content”

2

TextView

1. android:id=“@+id/publish_date”

3

TextView

1. android:id=“@+id/sender_name”

4

TextView

1. android:id=“@+id/description”


detail

p
r
習
c
t Practice 7
i
c
• Implement the following class, method.
e

detail

Screen

Class

Method

Description

List screen

RssListActivity

onListItemClick

• Transfer “id” of RSS Feed selected in List screen to detail screen,
open detail screen.

Detail
screen

DetailActivity

onResume

• Output “id” of RSS Feed transferred from List screen to Log.


p
r
習
c
t Practice 7
i
– After selected 1 item from RSS Feed displayed on List screen, verify
e
screen transition to detail screen.
– Verify output of selected RSS Feed “id” to Log by LogCat.

Click 1 item
from the
List screen

Screen
transitio
n

Receive and
send “id” to
parameter

Output “id” of RSS Feed
transferred to Log


p
r
習
c
t Practice 7
i
c • Practice answers
– res/layout/detail.xml
e
<LinearLayout xmlns:android=http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android
android:id="@+id/LinearLayout“
android:layout_width="fill_parent“
android:layout_height="fill_parent“
android:orientation="vertical“>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/title“
android:layout_width="wrap_content“
android:layout_height="wrap_content“></TextView>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/publish_date“
android:layout_height="wrap_content"></TextView>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/sender_name“
<TextView
android:id="@+id/description“
</LinearLayout>


detail

p
r
習
c
t Practice 7
i
– RssListActivity#onListItemClick
e
・・・・・・・・
@Override
super.onListItemClick(listView, view, position, id);
Intent intent = new Intent(this, DetailActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("id", id);
}
}

– DetailActivity#onResume
public class DetailActivity extends Activity {
・・・・・・・・
@Override
super.onResume();
Intent intent = getIntent();
Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
long id = extras.getLong("id");
Log.v("DetailActivity", "id = " + id);
}
}


detail

data from a narrow search
• How to specify criteria and search data from database?
– Mechanism
• In database searching process, we can acquire only the data corresponded
to given criteria.
• Given criteria will be specified in format of keyword “Where” of SQL from
program.


• The method of executing criteria specified search
1.

Specify narrow criteria by argument of method SQLiteDatabase#query.
• Describe narrow criteria in format of keyword “Where” of SQL.
– Use “_id=<criteria value>” to specify the criteria of Key 「_id」.

• Sample code
try {
int id = 1;
cursor = database.query(“SAMPLE_TABLE", null, "_id=" + id, null, null, null, null); ・・・1
} finally {
database.close();
}
}


• The method of retrieving value from searching data
1.

Search data from database, acquire Cursor object that has data
corresponded to searching criteria.
Execute method Cursor#moveToFirst by acquired Cursor, then acquire
data.

2.

• If data can not be retrieved, the return value of every method will be “false”.
• Sample code
public class SampleActivity extends Activity {
・・・・・・・・
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
SQLiteDatabase database = databaseOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = database.query(“SAMPLE_TABLE", null, “_id = ” + id , null, null, null, null);
cursor.moveToFirst();
}

}

・・・1
・・・2

If acquired data is limited to 1 item, execute moveToFirst().
If acquire various data, execute moveToNext().
※Refer “Android Developers’ Reference” for detail.

3.

After retrieving data from Cursor object, use method corresponded to
type of column data to get value.
• Use method Cursor#getColumnIndex with argument is column name to get
index of the column
• Use method getter corresponded to type of the value with acquired index of
the column as argument to get the value.
• Sample code

Pattern of value

Method getter

String

getString(int columnIndex)

int

getInt(int columnIndex)

short

getShort(int columnIndex)

long

getLong(int columnIndex)

double

getDouble(int columnIndex)

float

getFloat(int columnIndex)

public class SampleActivity extends Activity {
・・・・・・・・
@Override
super.onResume();
SampleSQLiteOpenHelper databaseOpenHelper = new
SampleSQLiteOpenHelper(this);
SQLiteDatabase database =
databaseOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = database.query(“SAMPLE_TABLE", null, “_id = ” + id ,
null, null, null, null);
cursor.moveToFirst(); // Retrieve the first item of data

Table. Pattern of data string
& method getter (extract)

int columnIndex=cursor.getColumnIndex("TITLE");
String title=cursor.getString(columnIndex);
}
}


・・・3

• The method of setting View properties of screen from program.
1.
2.

3.

Acquire object View by using method Activity#findViewByld.
Because return value of Activity#findViewByld is returned by abstract
class View, it will be casted to View class being in use.
Execute method setter of properties of object View acquired, set the
value.
• Example of setting
- Change text properties of TextView of screen from program.
>> Procedure
・Use method Activity#findViewByld, acquire object TextView.
・Use method setText of object TextView, change text properties.

>> Sample code
View view = findViewById(R.id.title);
TextView textView = (TextView) view;
textView.setText("text");

・・・1
・・・2
・・・3


278

p
r
習
a data from a narrow search
c
t Practice 8
i
– Search for the information of RSS Feed from database with criteria is
e
“id” of RSS Feed received from detail screen, then display detail screen.

• Practice procedure
1. Generate object DatabaseOpenHelper by method onResume of
DetailActivity.
2. Acquire object SQLiteDatabase (Readonly) by method
DatabaseOpenHelper#getReadableDatabase.
3. Execute method SQLiteDetabase#query with argument is narrow criteria
of table name & “id”, acquire object Cursor.
•
•

Table name
： RSS_FEED
Narrow criteria ： _id = <“id” received from detail screen※>

※ Value of RSS Feed received from detail screen was acquired in Practice 7.

p
r
習
c
t Practice 8
i
4. Execute method Cursor#moveToFirst, read 1 data item from object
c
Cursor.
e
5. Execute method Cursor#getColumnIndex, Cursor#getString, specify
the Key from 1 data item , then acquire the value.
#

TITLE

title

2

PUBLISH_DATE

publish_date

3

SENDER_NAME

sender_name

4

7.

View “id” of detail screen to display the value

1

6.

Key retrieve value from object
Cursor

DESCRIPTION

description

Execute method TextView#setText, set acquired value to View of detail
screen.
Execute method SQLiteDetabase#close, close object database.

p
実 5.5. Search Database for 1 item
r
習
c
t Practice 8
i
c
• Implement the following class & method
e
Screen

Class

Method

Detail screen

DetailActivity

onResume

and Display detail

Description
• Read the content of RSS Feed from database,
then display on detail screen.


p
r
習
c
t Practice 8
i
– After RSS Feed is selected from the list screen, verify screen transition
e
to detail screen from the list screen & display of the following items on
detail screen.
• Verify items
–
–
–
–

Title
Date
Sender’s name
Content


p
実 5.5. Search Database for
r
習
c
t Practice 8
i
– DetailActivity#onResume
e

1 item and Display detail

super.onResume();
try {
Bundle extras = getIntent().getExtras();
long id = extras.getLong("id");
cursor = database.query("RSS_FEED", null, "_id=" + id, null, null, null, null);
if (!cursor.moveToFirst()) {
return;
}
((TextView) findViewById(R.id.title)).setText(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("TITLE")));
((TextView) findViewById(R.id.publish_date)).setText(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("PUBLISH_DATE")));
((TextView) findViewById(R.id.sender_name)).setText(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("SENDER_NAME")));
((TextView) findViewById(R.id.description)).setText(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("DESCRIPTION")));
} finally {
database.close();
}
}
}
}


p
実
r
習
a
c
t • Learn how to create Option menu
i
c • Learn the following by practicing.
– The method to add Option menu to Application
e
– The method to recognize “Option menu clicked”
– The method to display dialogue on screen

5.6. The method of creating Option menu

Option menu
Menu displayed by
pressing “MENU” button


p
実 5.6. The method of creating Option menu
r
習
a Add Option menu
c
t • How to add Option menu
i
– Mechanism
c
• Option menu is created by resource file used for menu.
e

• There is method to create Option menu in Activity. Therefore, menu can be
displayed on the screen by reading resource file used for menu within that
method.


p
r
習
a Add Option menu
c
t • The method of displaying Option menu after clicked “Menu”
i
button on emulator .
c
– Create resource file used for Menu in “res/menu/” directory
e
• Sample code

<menu
<item android:title="@string/option_menu_add_label" android:id="@+id/main_menu_add"></item>
</menu>

– Read resource file used for Menu by method onCreateOptionMenu of
Activity, then display Option menu.
• Sample code
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
MenuInflater menuInfalter = getMenuInflater();
menuInfalter.inflate(R.menu.main_menu, menu);
return true;
}


p
r
習
a Add Option menu
c
t Practice 9
i
– After clicked button “menu” of emulator on screen Menu, display
e
Option menu.

Option menu created by
practice will be the
simple one that display
only character.


p
r
習
a Add Option menu
c
t Practice 9
i
1. Create resource file (res/menu/main_menu.xml) used for Menu.
e
2. Add “Item” to resource file used for Menu, set Id, Title.
3. Override method onCreateOptionMenu in RssReaderActivity, read
resource file used for Menu, then display Option menu.


p
実 5.6. The method of creating
r
習
a Add Option menu
c
t Practice 9
i
c
e
Screen

Resource file

－

res/menu/main_menu.xml

Option menu

Properties

• android:id="@+id/main_menu_add"
• android:title="@string/option_menu_add_label“

• Implement the following class & method.
Screen

Class

Method

Menu screen

RssReaderActivity

onCreateOptionMenu


Description
• Display Option menu

p
r
習
a Add Option menu
c
t Practice 9
i
– After displayed menu screen, click “menu” button of emulator to verify
e
the display of Option menu.


p
実 5.6. The method of creating
r
習
a Add Option menu
c
t Practice 9
i
– res/menu/main_menu.xml
e

Option menu

<menu
<item android:title="@string/option_menu_add_label" android:id="@+id/main_menu_add"></item>
</menu>

– RssReaderActivity
・・・・・・・・
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
MenuInflater menuInfalter = getMenuInflater();
menuInfalter.inflate(R.menu.main_menu, menu);
return true;
}
}


Recognize “Option menu clicked”
• How to recognize “Option menu clicked”
– Mechanism
• After clicked Option menu, “event” will be raised in Activity, and specified
method of Activity will be invoked.


Recognize “Option menu clicked”
• The method of displaying Dialogue after clicked Option menu
1.
2.

Display dialogue by method onOptionsItemSelected of Activity.
To display dialogue, create object of AlertDialog.Builder, then call out
method AlertDialog.Builder#show.
※ Use method AlertDialog.Builder#setTitle to set title to dialogue.
• Sample code
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setTitle(R.string.ok_dialog_label)
.show();
return true;
}

・・・1
・・・2


p
r
習
a Recognize “Option menu clicked”
c
t Practice 10
i
– After clicked Option menu, execute acquiring process of RSS Feed from
e
internet, then display finish message by dialogue.

Click Option
menu


p
r
習
c
t Practice 10
i
※ About process of acquiring RSS Feed from internet and registering to
c
database.
e

• Practice provides skeleton project as Java class, including the full process to
acquire RSS Feed from internet, then insert RSS Feed into database.
• From the screen, the full process can be executed by execution of method
RssFeedRegister#registration made URL argument.
Class provided by
skeleton project

Description

RssFeedRegister

Class execute the full process to make URL argument, acquire RSS Feed from internet
then register to database.

HttpHelper

Class make URL argument, then acquire RSS Feed from internet.

XmlHelper

Class make RSS Feed argument, pass data structure in XML format, then convert data of
RSS Feed to Java object.

HttpHelperException

Exceptional class to generate after acquired RSS Feed from internet.

RssFeedEntity

Class convert data of RSS Feed from format of XML, then be filled with data.

Table. Description of class provided by skeleton project

p
r
習
c
t Practice 10
i
– Override method RssReaderActivity#onOptionsItemSelected, execute
e
method RssFeedRegister#registration, acquire RSS Feed from internet,
then register to database. Use AlertDialog.Builder to notify of process
completion, then display dialogue.
• Implement the following class & method
Screen

Class

Method

Menu screen

RssReaderActivity

onOptionsItemSelected


Description
• Display dialogue

p
r
習
c
t Practice 10
i
– After displayed & clicked Option menu on Menu screen, verify display of
e
dialogue.

Click Option
menu


p
実 5.6. The method of creating Option
r
習
c
t Practice 10
i
– RssReaderActivity#onOptionsItemSelected
e

menu

・・・・・・・・
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
RssFeedRegister rssFeedRegister = new RssFeedRegister(this);
rssFeedRegister.registration("http://www.oesf.jp/modules/news/index.php?page=rss");
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setTitle(R.string.ok_dialog_label)
.show();
return true;
}
}


6. Training summary


6.1. Training evaluation
• The first day
Outline

Chapter

Learn the basic of Android platform

Chapter 1

Learn architecture of Android application
•Life cycle
•Main components
•Security

Chapter 2

Learn construction method of development environment

Chapter 3

Learn procedure from create project to application implementation

Chapter 4

Learn function of development tool, using method
•Eclipse + ADT, emulator (AVD), DDMS

Chapter 4


6.1. Training evaluation
• The second day
Outline

Chapter

Create User interface
•Create screen design (Single screen, list screen）
•Implement screen event
•Implement screen transition
•Implement dialogue

Chapter 5

Use Internet
•Acquire RSS Feed from internet

Chapter 5

XML analysis

Chapter 5

Use Database
•Database management using SQLiteOpenHelper
•Insert record to table, delete record
•Use transaction

Chapter 5

Make unit test
•Use Android test framework to make unit test

Chapter 5


6.2. Information source related to Android
• Internet
– Technical materials/ manual
• Android Developers
– http://developer.android.com/intl/ja/index.html

– Community
• Japan Android Association
– http://android.siprop.org/

• Android-SDK-Japan
– http://groups.google.co.jp/group/android-sdk-japan


• Internet
– wiki
• Summary of information related to Google Android
– http://www29.atwiki.jp/android/

• Android Wiki
– http://wikiwiki.jp/android/

– Samples
• Samples are opened to the public by android developers
– http://developer.android.com/intl/ja/guide/samples/index.html

• apps-for-android
– http://code.google.com/p/apps-for-android/

• Books
Title

Author

Publisher

Issued date

An introduction to Google
Android

Yoshikazu Shima

Gijutsu-Hyohron Co.,
Ltd.

2008/5/25

Android for beginner

Ed Burnette

O'Reilly Japan, Inc.

2009/5/15

A guide to develop Google
Android application

Hideo Kinami

Nikkei Business
Publications, Inc.

2009/6/8

A guide to programming
Google Android

Mamezou Co., Ltd.
Takashi Egawa, …

ASCII Media Works
Inc.

2009/7/2

Android 2.1 programming bible

Hidekazu Furukawa

Socym Co., Ltd.

2010/5/18


6.3. Tips
• Introduce development Tips in every system
development phase
– Design phase
• Define column _id by SQLite
– Implement phase
• Use Java library created by the third party
– Test phase
• Unit test of Android application


6.3. Tips
Define column _id by SQLite
• Define column that will be Primary Key of SQLite
with the name “_id”
– Reason
• Because of the spec that use the value of string “_id”
the unique ID when using database through Content
Provider.
– http://developer.android.com/intl/ja/guide/topics/providers/c
ontent-providers.html#basics

• Because there is the implementation acquires
information from the string “_id” by Class such as
CursorAdapter、ArrayListCursor, …
– “_id” is hard-coded in source.

6.3. Tips
Define column _id by SQLite
■CursorAdapter.java
protected void init(Context context, Cursor c, boolean autoRequery) {
boolean cursorPresent = c != null;
mAutoRequery = autoRequery;
mCursor = c;
・・・・・・・
mRowIDColumn = cursorPresent ? c.getColumnIndexOrThrow("_id") : -1;
mChangeObserver = new ChangeObserver();

■ArrayListCursor.java
public ArrayListCursor(String[] columnNames, ArrayList<ArrayList> rows) {
・・・・・・・
for (int i = 0; i < colCount; ++i) {
if (columnNames[i].compareToIgnoreCase("_id") == 0) {
mColumnNames = columnNames;
・・・・・・・
}

6.3. Tips
Use Java library created by the third party
• Because Android sticks to Java SE, you can use Java
library created by the third party.
– Library created by the third party loading Standard Android
• JUnit
• Apache Commons
• bluez.org
• JSON.org


6.3. Tips
• In some cases, we can not use just as it is.
1. Use Java standard class that Android does not support
2. Use too much memory
3. Use file .properties
• We can not use resource file, external file because of
strict restriction.

Especially, related to problem 2. & 3., build errors do not occur, but
exception will occur when executing.


6.3. Tips
• Solution
– Edit the library (In case we can acquire the source)
• Example
– Deal with the part using Class that Android does not support by
supporting class or implement by yourself.
– In case .properties are being used, hard code the content.

• The risk of solution
– It is necessary to perform maintenance after changed by
yourself.
– Obligation to open source to the public maybe occur,
depends on the kind of license of library changed.

6.3. Tips
Unit test of Android application
• Unit test of Android application will be created by
using Android test framework.
– What is Android test framework?
• Framework on the base of JUnit3
• Implementation procedure of Unit test is the same with JUnit
1. Create TestCase
2. Create TestSuite (Register TestCase)
3. Execute TestCase or TestSuite by TestRunner
※Execute by Eclipse is ok


6.3. Tips
• Create Unit test inherited TestCase class in every
target class.
Target class

TestCase class of Android

POJO

AndroidTestCase

Activity

ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2

Comments

Test event with screen
operation such as Key input
event
Ex. Push button

ActivityUnitTestCase
Service

ServiceTestCase

Content Provider

Test event Activity

ProviderTestCase2

■Refer the following link for more details
http://developer.android.com/intl/ja/reference/android/test/package-summary.html

6.3. Tips
• Example of POJO test class creation
package jp.oesf.mtgeduwg.training.test;
import jp.oesf.mtgeduwg.training.rssreader.SamplePojo;
import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
public class SamplePojoTest extends AndroidTestCase {
public void testGetMessage() throws Exception {
SamplePojo samplePojo = new SamplePojo();

assertEquals(samplePojo.getMessage(), "Message from SamplePojo");
}
}


6.3. Tips
• Example of Activity test class creation (Key input)
public class AddActivityTest
extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<AddActivity> {
public AddActivityTest() {
super("jp.oesf.mtgeduwg.training.rssreader", AddActivity.class);
}
public void testUrlFieldKeyInput() {
// Key transmission (Input "H","T","T","P")
sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_H, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_T,
KeyEvent.KEYCODE_T, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_P);
assertEquals(urlField.getText().toString(), "http");
}
}


6.3. Tips
• Example of Activity test class creation (Push button)
public class AddActivityTest
extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<AddActivity> {
public AddActivityTest() {
super("jp.oesf.mtgeduwg.training.rssreader", AddActivity.class);
}
public void testAddButtonClick() {
getActivity().runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
urlField.setText("http://www.oesf.jp/modules/news/index.php?page=rss");
addButton.performClick();
}});
Click the button
getInstrumentation().waitForIdleSync();
assertTrue(existsUrlAddressById(10));

6.3. Tips
• Example of Activity test class creation (Generate onResume)
public class AddActivityUnitTest extends ActivityUnitTestCase<AddActivity> {
public AddActivityUnitTest() {
super(AddActivity.class);
}
@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
}
public void testSendResumeEvent() throws Exception {
Generate event
onResume in Activity
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
startActivity(intent, null, null);
getInstrumentation().callActivityOnResume(getActivity());
}

6.3. Tips
• Generate TestSuite
– In Android, TestSuiteBuilder will be prepared as a class
generated by TestSuite.
public class AllTests extends TestCase {
public static Test suite() throws Exception {
TestSuiteBuilder testSuiteBuilder = new TestSuiteBuilder(AllTests.class);
return testSuiteBuilder.includePackages
("jp.oesf.mtgeduwg.training.rssreader")
.build();
}
Execute all Test case below specified
}
packages
※It is possible to use create method of TestSuite of
JUnit


6.3. Tips
• Setting in AndroidManifest.xml is required to execute
Test.
1. Add setting of library required for execution of Test
2. Add setting of TestRunner
<manifest xmlns:android=http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android>
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon“>
<uses-library android:name=“android.test.runner” /> ・・・ ①
</application>
<instrumentation android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"
android:label="Tests for RssReader"
android:targetPackage=“jp.oesf.mtgeduwg.training.rssreader”/> ・・・ ②
</manifest>


Credit

This document is created by Ulsystems Co., Ltd.
http://www.ulsystems.co.jp

This document is edited by Leading Edge Co., Ltd. to
respond to Android 2.1 and online environment.
http://www.leadinge.co.jp/

This document is translated from Japanese to English by
ISB Vietnam Co., Ltd. http://www.isb-vietnam.com.vn/

319

Android Application Development Basic

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