Автоматизация тестирования API для начинающих
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The document provides an introduction to web services and APIs, detailing their definitions, communication methods, and testing strategies. It distinguishes between SOAP and REST architectures, explaining their characteristics and structures, as well as methods for testing web services through both happy and unhappy paths. The author, Andrei Stasevich, has over five years of experience in test automation and offers insights on using various tools and frameworks for testing web services.
Автоматизация тестирования API для начинающих
- 1. 1 Automation of web service testing for the beginners FEBRYARY 26, 2017
- 2. 2 Andrei Stasevich Experience • M.Sc. of engineering with more then 5 years experience • Main IT specialization: Test Automation • Technology: Java, Selenium • COMAQA.by community activistAndrei Stasevich EPAM Systems Software Test Automation Engineer
- 3. 3 AGENDA Introduction to API1 What is web service2 SOAP and REST5 Examples6 Ways of communication3 Web Service testing4
- 4. 4 INTRODUCTION TO API Application programming interface (API) - a set of clearly defined methods of communication between various software components. • Web service • Libraries • Operation system API • Graphical/sound interfaces
- 5. 5 API is like User Interface - just with different users in mind. INTRODUCTION TO API
- 6. 6 AGENDA Introduction to API1 What is web service2 SOAP and REST5 Examples6 Ways of communication3 Web Service testing4
- 7. 7 WHAT IS WEB SERVICE? Web service - software system designed to support interoperable machine- to-machine interaction over a network. • It accessible over the Internet or private networks. • Is not tied to any one operating system or programming language. • Used for direct application-to-application interaction. • Uses XML (JSON) messages for interaction. Every Web Service is an API but not every API is a Web Service
- 8. 8 WHAT IS WEB SERVICE? • The client bundles the information into a message (request). • Client and server establish connection and sent message as the body of an HTTP request. • Service processes the received information. • Service packages the response, and sends it back to the client program. • The client program unpacks the request to obtain the result.
- 9. 9 WHAT IS WEB SERVICE? • Establishing TCP connection. • Client sends version of the TLS protocol, the list of supported ciphersuites, and other TLS options. • The server picks the TLS protocol version, decides on a ciphersuite, attaches its certificate. • The client initiates key exchange, which is used to establish the symmetric key. • The server returns an encrypted Finished message back to the client. • The client decrypts the message and if all is well, then the tunnel is established.
- 10. 10 WHAT IS WEB SERVICE? center=NY zoom=13 size=640x640 maptype=road GET https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap? center=NY&zoom=13&size=640x640&maptype=roadmap &key=AIzaSyDH7iC center zoom size maptype key … HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: image/png
- 11. 11 AGENDA Introduction to API1 What is web service2 SOAP and REST5 Examples6 Ways of communication3 Web Service testing4
- 12. 12 WAYS OF COMMUNICATION XML is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. XML is a language-independent data format. JSON is an open-standard format that uses human- readable text to transmit data objects consisting of attribute–value pairs. JSON is a language- independent data format.
- 13. 13 WAYS OF COMMUNICATION XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. XML was designed to describe data XML is about carrying information – within TAGs Tags are not predefined – make your own ones XML document does not DO anything so to say • It is just information wrapped in tags • Custom code needed for interpretation XML is a software - and hardware-independent tool • Used to store and transport information
- 14. 14 WAYS OF COMMUNICATION An XML element can contain: • Other elements • Any given text • Attributes • Mix of the previouos Comments may appear anywhere • An example of a valid comment: <!–- the comment itself -->
- 15. 15 WAYS OF COMMUNICATION JSON is an open-standard format that uses human-readable text to transmit data objects consisting of attribute–value pairs. JSON is a language-independent data format. JSON is a syntax for storing and exchanging data • An easier-to-use alternative to XML The JSON format is well fitted for Java and JavaScript • Very lightweight • Easy to process for services
- 16. 16 WAYS OF COMMUNICATION JSON's basic data types are: • Number • String • Boolean • Array • Object • null • Square brackets hold arrays JSON syntax is a subset of the JavaScript syntax: • Data is in „name:value” pairs • Data is separated by commas • Curly braces hold objects • Interestingly, there are no comments in JSON
- 17. 17
- 18. 18 AGENDA Introduction to API1 What is web service2 SOAP and REST5 Examples6 Ways of communication3 Web Service testing4
- 19. 19 WEB SERVICE TESTING Happy paths • Using the provided method calls • Analyzing the returned data • Trying out different parameters • Response validation
- 20. 20 Web Service testing Unhappy paths • Using wrong URIs • Invalid or missing parameters • See how the server responds to those • Client or server side errors
- 21. 21 AGENDA Introduction to API1 What is web service2 SOAP and REST5 Examples6 Ways of communication3 Web Service testing4
- 22. 22 SOAP SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a protocol specification for exchanging structured information in XML format. SOA web-services: • Service provider: creates a web service and provides its information to the service broker. • Service broker UDDI: makes the information regarding the web service available to any potential requester. • Service requester: locates entries in the broker registry using various find operations and then binds to the service provider in order to invoke one of its web services. Rules for communication are defined in WSDL file (Web Services Description Language): • How one system can request data from another system. • Specific parameters. • The structure of the data. • Error messages.
- 23. 23 WSDL <binding> - поддерживаемые протоколы. <message> - сообщения Web-службы (запрос, ответ). <portType> — все доступные методы. <service> — URI службы. <types> — используемые типы данных.
- 24. 24 SOAP SOAP provides the envelope for sending Web Services messages over the HTTP/SMTP. The SOAP envelope contains two parts: • SOAP Header (optional): providing information on authentication, encoding of data, or how a recipient of a SOAP message should process the message. • SOAP Body: contains the message. These messages can be defined using the WSDL specification.
- 25. 25 SOAP
- 26. 26 REST Representational State Transfer (REST) is a style of architecture based on a set of principles that describe how networked resources are defined and addressed. • Client-Server • Stateless • Cacheable • Layered system • Code on demand • Uniform interface
- 27. 27 REST REST-compliant Web services allow requesting systems to access and manipulate textual representations of Web resources using a uniform and predefined set of stateless operations. "Web resources" were first defined as documents or files identified by their URLs. POST http://www.example.com/customers GET http://www.example.com/customers/33245 DELETE http://www.example.com/customers/33245 PUT http://www.example.com/customers/33245
- 28. 28 AGENDA Introduction to API1 What is web service2 SOAP and REST5 Examples6 Ways of communication3 Web Service testing4
- 29. 29 Test • Test NG, Junit, RestAssured Service • Java HTTP client • Apache, Retrofit TEST FRAMEWORK Test Service Layer HTTP client
- 30. 30 TEST
- 31. 31 SERVISE
- 32. 32 HTTP CLIENT
- 33. 33 TEST
- 34. 34 THANK YOU