Appreciative Speech in Supervision Practices

Ana
CARAS-‐
Research
assistant
at
the
Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social

Humanis6c
Sciences,
Iasi,
PhD
candidate,
Faculty
of
Philosophy
and
Social

Poli6cs
Sciences,
Univ.
Al.
Ioan
Cuza,
Iasi,
Romania

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

1

Humanis6c
Sciences

I. Introduc6on

II. Apprecia6ve
inquiry

III. Supervision
–
review

IV. Methodology

• The
target
group
of
research
• Grounded
Theory

• Addi6onal
phase
of
Grounded
Theory
-‐
Semio6cs
grid
based
on
4D
cycle

V. Data
analysis

• Analysis
of
the
categories
constructed
aOer
the
apprecia6ve
referen6al

• Theore6cal
genera6on
by
rela6ng
the
categories

VI. Conclusions

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

2

Humanis6c
Sciences

•  We
tried
to
iden6fy
elements
of
apprecia(ve
thinking,
analyzing
both
the

supervisee
speech
and
that
of
the
supervisor,
approaching
in
an

innova6ve
model
of
apprecia6ve
inquiry,
known
as
4D.

Key
ques(ons:

•  Is
the
supervisor-‐supervisee
rela6onship
seen
in
a
posi6ve
view,
in
terms

of
apprecia6veness
by
specialists?

•  How
does
this
approach
inﬂuence
the
organiza6onal
eﬀec6veness
and

professional
and
personal
development
of
specialists?

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

3

Humanis6c
Sciences

•  Apprecia6ve
inquiry
is
presented
as
a
mode
of
ac6on-‐research
that
meets

the
criteria
of
science
as
spelled
out
in
genera6ve-‐theore6cal
terms,
a

coopera6ve
search
for
the
best
in
people,
their
organiza6ons,
and
the

world
around
them
(Cooperrider
and
Srivatsva,1987)
and
involves

systema6c
discover
of
what
gives
a
system
‘life’
when
it
is
most
eﬀec6ve

and
capable
in
economic,
ecological
and
human
terms.(Cooperrider,

Whitney,
2005).

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

4

Humanis6c
Sciences

•  In
literature
there
are
many
deﬁni6ons
of
supervision,
which
is

understood

as
an
educa6onal
process
(Robinson,
1949),
administra6ve

(Barker,
1995)
suppor6ng
the
professionals,
the
quality
of
service,
making

decisions
for
the
organiza6on,
promo6ng
direc6ons,
rules
and
values
by

guiding
employees
(Cojocaru,
2005).
From
the
perspec6ve
of
Kadushin,

supervisors
were
considered
as
trainers,
consultants,
therapists,
managers

and
even
directors
(Kadushin,
1976).

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

5

Humanis6c
Sciences

•  The
target
group
of
research-‐
the
employees
of
a
NGO
in
child
protec6on

in
the
North
East
region
of
Romania.
There
are
4
interviewees:
three

specialists
in
social
work
supervised
in
professional
ac6vity
and
the
direct

supervisor
of
the
organiza6on.

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

6

Humanis6c
Sciences

• If
Grounded
Theory
(Strauss
and
Corbin,
1990;
2007,
Goulding,
1999)
is

characterized
by
building
categories
induc6ve
and
follows
the
gradual

construc6on
of
progressive
induc6ve
coding,
through
secondary
analysis
we

achieved
in
fact
an
addi6onal
induc6on
represented
through
apprecia6ve

discourse
analysis.

• Grounded
Theory
provides
a
systema6c
method
involving
several
stages,

which
is
used
to
generate
the
theory
or
relates
to
a
reality
of
the

phenomenon
(Scoj,
1996).

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

7

Humanis6c
Sciences

•  The
apprecia6ve
speech
selected
is
iden6fied
as
the
construc6ve
terms
of

co-‐crea(on,
co-‐transforma(on,
vision,
focus
on
results,
development.

Apprecia6ve
discourse
analysis
aims
to
iden6fy
only
those
co-‐transformer

elements
that
come
in
direct
contact
with
apprecia6veness,
our
lecture

being
an
apprecia6ve
one.
It
is
necessary
to
illustrate
through
en
vivo
the

difference
between
the
analysis
specific
to
the
deficiency
paradigm
and

apprecia6ve
analysis.

I
am
always
there
with
them
and
support
them,
that’s
why
I
do
not
need
to

make
many
individual
official
sessions.
They
ask
me,
I
answer
them.
I'm

not
a
person
to
relate
to
them
only
through
appointments
(supervisor,

May
2011)

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

8

Humanis6c
Sciences

•  Through
the
apprecia6ve
induc6ve
analysis
established
from
following
a

secondary
analysis
of
data
used
in
Grounded
Theory,
were
constructed

categories
whose
features
folds
on
the
apprecia6ve
inquiry
stages
of

Discovery,
Dream,
Design
and
Des(ny.

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

9

Humanis6c
Sciences

D
Phase

Categories

Discovery

•  Eﬀects
of
supervision
perceived
in
terms
of
“what

works”

•  Co-‐crea6on
of
professional
success

Dream

•  Foreshadowing
success
in
forming
of
supervisees

•  Supervision
func6ons
in
posi6ve
transforma6on

Design
•  Supervision
rela6onship
-‐
co-‐transforming
implica6ons

•  Qualita6ve
supervision
-‐
factor
of
organiza6onal
co-‐
transforma6on

Des6ny
•  Organiza6onal
development
–
construc6on
towards

success

•  Progress
through
transparency
of
services

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

10

Humanis6c
Sciences

1.
Effects
of
supervision
perceived
in
terms
of

“what
works”

Supervisor
helped
me
to
improve
my
work
in
social
services.
(Social

worker,
May
2011)

I
oDen
used
version
of
support,
encouragement
and
orientaFon
towards

result
and
less
towards
deficit
or
what
they
failed
to
do.
(Supervisor,
May,

2011)

Supervision
brings
benefits
through
the
fact
that:
Provides
planning,
a

real
contact
with
situaFon,
which
can
give
you
a
predicFon
on
the

evoluFon,
based
on
which
you
make
a
work
strategy.
(Supervisor,
May,

2011)

It
gives
you
a
certain
comfort
when
making
a
decision
regarding
a
case

consulFng
someone
who
knows
he
is
responsible
for
the
advice
he
gives

(Social
worker,
May
2011)

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

Humanis6c
Sciences

11

2.
Co-‐crea(on
of
professional
success

If
I
need
guidance,
I
ask
for
it
and
it
is
provided
to
me.
(Social
worker,

May
2011)

At
first
I
was
offered
supervision
and
I
was
actually
formed
by
it
(Social

worker,
May,
2011)

The
greatest
progress
I
made
is
that
I
am
not
so
much
emoFonally

involved
in
cases
I
work
with,
something
I
learned
from
the
supervisor.

(Social
worker,
May
2011)

It
provides
me
a
balance,
always
guiding
me
(social
worker
,
May
2011)

I
evolved,
I
improved
the
quality
of
services
and
work
with
beneficiaries
I

manage
to
perform
duFes
correctly
(social
worker
,
May
2011)

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

12

Humanis6c
Sciences

1.Foreshadowing
success
in
forming
of
supervisees

I
am
always
there
with
them
and
support
them,
this
is
why
I
do
not
need

to
make
many
individual
oﬃcial
sessions,
they
ask
me,
I
answer
them.
I'm

not
a
person
to
relate
to
them
only
through
appointments
(Supervisor,

May,
2011)

On
long
term
the
supervisor
models
you
somehow,
makes
you
a

professional
over
Fme,
because
at
ﬁrst
you
tend
to
be
very
subjecFve.

(Social
worker,
May
2011)

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

13

Humanis6c
Sciences

2.
Supervision
func(ons
in
posi(ve
transforma(on

I
oDen
used
version
of
support,
encouragement
and
orientaFon
towards

result
and
less
towards
deﬁcit
or
what
they
failed
to
do.
(Supervisor,
May,

2011)

The
most
important
funcFon
is
the
support
and
assistance
to
achieve
the

quality
of
services
(social
worker,
May
2011)

Supervision
has
also
consulFng,
support
and
training
funcFons
over
the

social
worker.
(Social
worker
May
2011)

Supervision
funcFons
that
have
been
implemented
here
would
be
the

emoFonal
support,
technical
support,
sustentaFon
(supervisor,
May

2011)

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

Humanis6c
Sciences

14

1.
Supervision
rela(onship
-‐
co-‐transforming
implica(ons

In
the
individual
discussion
with
the
supervisor
all
aspects
are
clarifying:
a

performance
improvement
plan
of
the
supervisee
is
made,
supervisee
is

informed
about
the
situaFons
in
which
he
has
coped
successfully
and
the

achievements
during
the
year
are
presented
to
him
(Social
worker,
May

2011)

Supervisor
involvement
and
the
support
I
receive
can
be
more
obvious,

"work
ﬂows"
(Social
worker,
May
2011)

Working
with
supervisor
helped
me
a
lot.
(Social
worker,
May
2011)

I
know
which
are
the
steps
of
supervision
their
needs,
and
so
on,
and
I

adapt
them
according
to
what
everyone
has
to
do
(supervisor,
May

2011)
Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

15

Humanis6c
Sciences

1.
Supervision
rela0onship
-‐
co-‐transforming
implica0ons

When
your
supervisor
has
a
superior
experience
certainly
he
can
oﬀer
you

the
feedback
you
need.
(Social
worker,
May
2011)

The
compaFbility
of
supervisee
with
the
supervisor
is
oDen
a
maUer
of

morality,
and
is
given
by
their
capacity
to
adapt
in
situaFons
in
which

they
are
set.
(Social
worker,
May
2011)

Being
few,
we
communicate
very
eﬀecFvely
and
oDen,
thus
we
manage

to
make
our
problems
or
complaints
known
in
relaFon
to
the
one
next
to

you,
professionally
speaking.
(Social
worker,
May
2011)

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

16

Humanis6c
Sciences

2.
Qualita(ve
Supervision
-‐
factor
of
organiza(onal
co-‐transforma(on

I
have
always
supported
their
opening,
to
announce
in
advance
their

problem,
and
this
is
not
part
of
the
dead
line
-‐
this
is
vital,
for
example,

discussing
the
reason
why
work
is
not
going,
in
order
to
help
him
solve

the
situaFon.
(Supervisor,
May
2011)

I
emphasized
more
appreciaFve
result
than
the
correcFve
one.

(Supervisor,
May
2011)

It
helps
to
keep
the
quality
of
services
we
oﬀer
to
clients
(Social
worker,

May
2011)

Now,
through
the
inﬂuence
of
supervised
work,
I
became
a
professional

(social
worker,
May
2011)

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

17

Humanis6c
Sciences

1.
Organiza(onal
Development
–
construc(on
towards
success

I
evolved,
I
improved
the
quality
of
my
services
and
the
work
with
beneficiaries,

and
I
manage
to
perform
tasks
correctly
(Social
worker,
May
2011)

social
worker
must
turn
to
him
first
before
turning

and
reporFng

towards
the

client.
(Social
worker,
May
2011)

I
manage
to
perform
tasks
properly,
for
example
(Social
worker,
May,
2011)

I
manage
to
make
the
difference
between
the
work
under
the
influence
of

personal
emoFons
and
the
professional
work.
(Social
worker,
May
2011)

The
supervisor
is
the
person
who
offers
a
unitary
character
in
the
organizaFon

work,
meaning
we
all
go
in
the
same
line,
he
draws
a
specific
direcFon
in
working

with
beneficiaries,
with
the
establishment
of
a
certain
type
of
beneficiaries
to

whom
we
provide
our
services
in
a
qualitaFve
way.
(Social
worker,
May
2011)

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

18

Humanis6c
Sciences

2.
Progress
through
transparency
of
services

The
purpose
of
our
acFons
is
important
and
shows
us
that
we
operate
correctly

and
qualitaFvely.
(Social
worker,
May
2011)

Supervision
specifically
aims
as
the
social
worker
to
provide
quality
services
to

beneficiaries.
(Social
worker,
May
2011)

The
performances
of
the
organizaFon
are
in
relaFon
with
the
quality
of

supervision,
because
if
you
have
no
quality
in
supervision,
the
services
you
provide

are
not
qualitaFve
(Social
worker,
May,
2011)

Supervision
has
a
role
in
exposing
the
organizaFon
performance;
it
shows
the

level
of
structuring
and
planning.
(Supervisor,
in
May,
2011)

The
supervisor
taught
me
that
we
are
an
organizaFon
with
a
certain
status
and
a

set
of
rules
aimed
at
our
beneficiaries’
welfare
and
that
we
must
offer
qualitaFve

services
which
reflect
our
professional
skills.
(Social
worker,
May
2011)

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

19

Humanis6c
Sciences

•  There
are
Correla6ons
between
categories
within
the
same
stages
specific
to

4D
cycle
as
well
as
between
categories
of
different
stages.
In
the
apprecia6ve

speech
iden6fied,
we
no6ced
the
common
presence
of
words:
improvement,

quality,
evoluFon,
training,
support.

EvoluFon
as
a
result
of
an
effec6ve
supervision
prac6ce
is
the
connec6ng

word
between
categories
of
the
Discovery
phase
and
can
be
analyzed
from

the
perspec6ve
of
what
goes
well
in
the
organiza6on
but
also
as
co-‐crea6ve

component
of
professional
success.

The
support
appears
in
the
speech
placed
in
categories
from
different
stages,

Discovery
and
Dream,
and
can
be
interpreted
both
as
a
func6on
in
the

desideratum
of
posi6ve
transforma6on
but
also
as
an
already
iden6fied
strong

point
of
the
organiza6on.

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

20

Humanis6c
Sciences

DISCOVERY
DREAM

• Perceived
eﬀects
of
• Foreshadowing of success in
supervision
-‐

what
works
forming the supervisees

• Co-creation of professional • Supervision functions in
success
positive transformation

DESTINY

DESIGN

• Organizational Development - • Supervision relationship, co-
construction towards success
transforming implications

• Qualitative supervision -
• Progress through service
organizational co-tranformation
transparency.

factor

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

21

Humanis6c
Sciences

In
analysis
of
this
model
we
iden6fied
a
set
of
features:

• Cyclical
is
characteris6c
to
apprecia6ve
discursive
model
in
supervision.
Subjects

perceive
the
process
as
developing,
expressed
in
terms
of
gradual
co-‐transforma(on

and
co-‐crea(on,
fact
observed
in
the
presence
of
specific
terms
within
component

categories
of
the
stages,
in
different
temporal
forms.
Common
pajern
of
stages,
the

development,
can
be
modified
depending
on
the
6me
of
its
iden6fica6on
or

awareness.
Apprecia6ve
language
exposes
the
supervision
process
as
the
catalyst
of

organiza(onal
development.

• Another
feature
of
the
model
is
the
recurrent
of
common
discursive
paKern,
namely

the
co-‐construc(on
of
excellence
and
professional
success
through
the
supervision.

• A
central
posi(on
was
iden6fied
in
the
speech,
regarding
the
supervisor-‐supervise

rela6onship
which
is
seen
as
a
partnership
with
co-‐transforming
implica(ons.

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

22

Humanis6c
Sciences

Please
contact
me
at

annacriss20@yahoo.com

Lumen
Research
Center
in
Social
and

23

Humanis6c
Sciences

Appreciative Speech in Supervision Practices

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