The document discusses several GIS analysis tools and functions in ArcMap including adding XY data, buffering, selections, editing operations like sketching and modifying features, topology rules, and building a geometric network. Key steps are outlined for using tools like the buffer wizard, selections by location, sketch contexts, extending and trimming features, defining topology rules, and creating a geometric network by selecting layers and defining edges and junctions. Examples provided illustrate identifying buildings affected by road widening and selecting roads within or crossing a boundary.