This document discusses assessment for learning versus assessment of learning. Assessment for learning involves students in the learning process, uses clear targets, and provides continuous feedback to improve learning. It focuses on the process of learning rather than ranking students. In contrast, assessment of learning determines students' competence, ranks students, and has no emphasis on improving learning. The document provides examples of how to implement assessment for learning, including involving students in setting goals and criteria, using feedback, self-assessment, and designing authentic tasks. It emphasizes that assessment for learning should not be optional but rather an essential part of instruction.