chemical reactors
- 3. Chemical Reactor An industrial chemical reactor is complex device in which heat transfer , mass transfer , diffusion and friction may occur along with chemical reaction with provisions of safety and controls. Are vessels designed to contain chemical reaction. Reactor is the heart of chemical process.
- 4. Basic Principles All chemical processes are centered in a chemical reactor. The design of a chemical reactor is the most important factor in determining the overall process economics.
- 5. Basic for Design Reaction type Removal of heat Need for catalyst Phases involve The mode of temperature and pressure control Production capacity
- 6. Reactor Types They can be classified according to the; Mode of operation End use application No of phases A catalyst is used
- 7. Classification by Mode of operation Batch reactors Continuous reactors Semi-batch reactors
- 8. Batch Reactor A “batch” of reactants is introduced into the reactor operated at the desired conditions until the target conversion is reached. Batch reactor are typically tanks in which stirring of the reactants is achieved using internal impellers, gas bubbles, or a pump around loop where a fraction of the reactants is removed and externally recirculated back to the reactor.
- 9. Continuous Reactors Reactants are added and products removed continuously at a constant mass flow rate. Large daily production rates are mostly conducted in continuous equipment. TYPES CSTR Plug flow reactor Tubular flow reactor
- 10. CSTR A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a vessel to which reactants are added and products removed while the contents within the vessel are vigorously stirred using internal agitation or by internally (or externally) recycling the contents. CSTRs may be employed in series or in parallel.
- 11. Plug Flow Reactor The plug flow reactor model (PFR, sometimes called continuous tubular reactor, CTR, or piston flow reactors) is a model used to describe chemical reactions in continuous, flowing systems of cylindrical geometry. These are tubular reactors generally but not necessarily. Sometimes used for liquid phase reactions but best suited for gas phase reactions.
- 12. Tubular Flow reactor A tubular flow reactor (TFR) is a tube (or pipe) through which reactants flow and are converted to product. The TFR may have a varying diameter along the flow path. In such a reactor, there is a continuous gradient of concentration in the direction of flow.
- 13. Semi Batch Reactor Some of the reactants are loaded into the reactor, and the rest of the reactants are fed gradually. Alternatively, one reactant is loaded into the reactor, and the other reactant is fed continuously.
- 14. Classification By End Use Chemical reactors are typically used for the synthesis of chemical intermediates for a variety of specialty application. EXAMPLES Polymerization reactors Bio-reactors Electrochemical Reactors
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