ASSIGNMENT
- 1. ASSIGNMENT Edu 03 technology and communication in education Submitted to, Submitted by, Mary Jain Aparna Thampan J Assistant Professor B.Ed Geography Emmanuel College Emmanuel College Vazhichal Vazhichal
- 2. TOPIC : MEANING, SCOPEAND OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION : Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human environment. Technology of education involves the know-how of the teaching learning process under specific conditions. It includes the mechanism of instructional process in the classroom situations, levels of teaching, principal operations and establishing relations between learning theories and teaching operations. Educational technology is a conceptof transforming the traditional book teaching and learning to digital form. It is the use of both physical hardware, software and educational theoretic to facilitate learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources. It encompasses several domains including learning theory, computer based training, online learning and where mobile technologies are used. In the use of educational technology, it is the teacher who determines the objectives of education and plan programs which can achieve best results. Teacher develops the appropriate educational content and determines the process bywhich the content is to be conveyed to the students. Teacher monitors the progress of the students and evaluates their achievements with reference to the objectives and modifies the program if needed. Functions like planning, organising, operating evaluating and preplanning the educational program in which technology may play an important role are performed by the teacher and other educational personnel. This is the age of technology. Its influence is being reflected in all productive endeavours, whether it be an industry or an agricultural project. Education too, it being a developmental endeavour aiming at raising the level of productivity of a nation, has been very much influenced by the message of
- 3. technology. This message being maximising the output in both quality and quantity. CONTENT: Educational technology is the application of scientific principles to education. It lays stress on the development of methods and techniques for effective teaching learning and stresses the organization of learning situations for the effective realization of the goals of education. It emphasizes the designing and measuring instruments for testing learning outcomes. MEANING OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY There are three different views regarding the meaning of Educational Technology. As per the first view, Educational Technology refers to application of technology to instrumentation useful to the process ofteaching. This is the view of Finn and his colleagues. This view lays stress on the use of hardware in education. According to the second view, Educational Technology refers to application of scientific principles to instruction. This is the view of Skinner, Gagne and others. This view emphasizes the application of psychological principles in learning. The third view of Educational Technology as described by Davies and Hartley incorporate both the first and second views through application of the systems approachto education and training. According to this view, education should be considered a system in which men, machines, methods, media and materials (5M’s) are inter related and work together for the fulfilment of specific educational objectives. The National Council of Educational Technology gives the wider meaning of Educational Technology in these words, “It is the development, application and evaluation of system, techniques and aids to improve the process ofhuman learning”. It places much stress on educational ideas as on technological inventions, largely becauseit accepts that fundamental advances usually come from the interaction of changing concepts with changing techniques. SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Educational Technology aims to improve the teaching learning process. The scopeofeducational technology encompasses educational objectives, media and
- 4. their characteristics, criteria for selection of media and resources, management of resources, as well as their evaluation. Educational technology increases the output of the entire system of education. It helps in optimizing educational outcomes with costeffectiveness through efficient use of available resource including men and materials. The possibility of using educational technology in almost all areas of education has been and is being explored. There are three major areas in education in which its scopeis very wide. They are; 1. Technology related to general educational administration and management. 2. Technology related to general educational testing. 3. Technology related to instructional process. Rowntra (1973) has stated the following as the province of educational technologists: Identifying aims and objectives of learning. Planning and learning environment. Exploring and structuring the subject matter. Selecting appropriate teaching strategies and learning media. Evaluating the effectiveness of the learning system. Using the insights gained from evaluation to improve their effectiveness for the future. Important areas which should comprise educational technology are as under: Concepts and various facts of educational technology. Teaching learning process. Individualised instructional technology. Programmed learning. Teaching models. Learning theories. Multimedia approachto teaching. Mathetics. Cybernetics Task analysis.
- 5. Modules. System approach. OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Educational technology is the application of scientific process to man’s learning condition to what has come recently. The major objectives of educational technology are; According to Hillard Jason the following major objectives of educational technology keeping the teachers in view; Transmitting information. Serving as role models. Assisting the practice of developing specific skills. Contribution to the provision of feedback. Students as focal point. According to Meckenzie and others the following major objectives with student as focal point; The need to reach out to maximum number of students. To reach out to them with a improved range of learning materials. To offer greater opportunities for independent study. To permit at least a limited students response. MACRO LEVEL OBJECTIVES (OBJECTIVES IN TERMS OF BROAD EDUCATIONAL GOALS) To identify the need and aspirations of the community. To determine the aims, objectives and the general structure of education. To develop and integrated curriculum of arts, science and human values. To identify and locate material resources and strategies for achieving the decided aim of education. To develop specific models of teaching to bring about an improvement in the teaching learning process. To design, modify and develop appropriate equipments or aids suitable or relevant to the educational process.
- 6. To identify the latent environmental constraints and means to tackle them. To assist in providing vocational opportunities to the needy and deserving. To manage the entire educational system consists of planning, implementation and evaluation phases. MICRO LEVEL OBJECTIVES(OBJECTIVES IN TERMS OF SPECIFIC CLASSROOM TEACHING) To identify the educational needs of the learner. To access the characteristics of the student. To determine and formulate classroomobjectives in behavioural terms. To identify the necessary teaching learning material. To identify the contents of instruction and organise them in a proper sequence. To predetermine the nature of interaction between subsystems that is students, teachers, teaching learning materials, content and methodologies. To identify human resources. To plan out teaching strategies, models and methods as per the needs and objectives. To evaluate effectiveness of the teaching strategy interns of learning outcomes that is behavioural changes in the students. To provide appropriate feedbacks to students as well as teachers. To modify the teaching learning process onthe basis of feedback received. GENERALOBJECTIVES Individualising instruction. Improving the quality of education. Meeting the problem of quantity. Equalising educational opportunity. Providing lifelong education. CONCLUSION: The challenges of modern world as emerged from a global approachof scientific knowledge, democratic ideas and demands on personality require that
- 7. teaching methodology must undergo revolutionary changes to meet the new aspirations and need of the society. In order to make the best use of our resource it is essential that all personnel engaged in the educational enterprise and especially the teachers understand adequately the dynamics and mechanism of educational technology and provide the best possible education to the students. REFERENCES: Essentials of educational technology – J C Aggarwal Commerce Education: methodology of teaching and pedagogic analysis - Dr. K Sivarajan, Dr. K Lal https://en.m.wikipedia.org https://www.britannica.com