Jithinassignment
- 1. EDU 03 TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION IN EDUCATION TOPIC: MEANING, SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Submitted to, Submitted by, Mary Jain Jithin Raj V.T.K. Assistant Professor B.Ed Geography Emmanuel College of Emmanuel College of B.Ed Training B.Ed Training Vazhichal. Vazhichal.
- 2. INTRODUCTION Educational technology is a concept of transforming the traditional book teaching and learning to digital form. It is the use of both physical hardware, software and educational theoretic to facilitate learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processesand resources. It encompasses several domains including learning theory, computer based training, online learning and where mobile technologies are used. Educational technology is a wide field. Educational technology can be considered either as a design science or as a collection of different research interests addressing fundamental issues of learning, teaching, and social organization. As a field Educational technology emphasizes communication skills and approaches to teaching and learning through the judicious use and integration of diverse media. Practitioners in Educational technology seek new and effective ways of organizing the teaching and learning process through the best possible application of technological developments. CONTENT MEANING OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY There are three different views regarding the meaning of Educational Technology. As per the first view, Educational Technology refers to application of technology to instrumentation useful to the process ofteaching. This is the view of Finn and his colleagues. This view lays stress on the use of hardware in education. According to the second view, Educational Technology refers to application of scientific principles to instruction. This is the view of Skinner, Gagne and others. This view emphasizes the application of psychological principles in learning. The third view of Educational Technology as described by Davies and Hartley incorporate both the first and second views through application of the systems approach to education and training. According to this view, education should be considered a system in which men, machines, methods, media and materials (5M’s)
- 3. are inter related and work together for the fulfilment of specific educational objectives. The National Council of Educational Technology gives the wider meaning of Educational Technology in these words, “It is the development, application and evaluation of system, techniques and aids to improve the process of human learning”. It places much stress on educational ideas as on technological inventions, largely because it accepts that fundamental advances usually come from the interaction of changing concepts with changing techniques. SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Educational Technology aims to improve the teaching learning process. The scope of educational technology encompasses educational objectives, media and their characteristics, criteria for selection of media and resources, management of resources, as well as their evaluation. Educational technology increases the output of the entire system of education. It helps in optimizing educational outcomes with cost effectiveness through efficient use of available resource including men and materials. The possibility of using educational technology in almost all areas of education has been and is being explored. There are three major areas in education in which its scope is very wide. They are; 1. Technology related to general educational administration and management. 2. Technology related to general educational testing. 3. Technology related to instructional process. Rowntra (1973) has stated the following as the province of educational technologists: Identifying aims and objectives of learning. Planning and learning environment. Exploring and structuring the subject matter. Selecting appropriate teaching strategies and learning media. Evaluating the effectiveness of the learning system. Using the insights gained from evaluation to improve their effectiveness for the future.
- 4. Important areas which should comprise educational technology are as under: Concepts and various facts of educational technology. Teaching learning process. Individualised instructional technology. Programmed learning. Teaching models. Learning theories. Multimedia approach to teaching. Mathetics. Cybernetics Task analysis. Modules. System approach. OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Educational technology is the application of scientific process to man’s learning condition to what has comerecently. The major objectives of educational technology are; According to Hillard Jason the following major objectives of educational technology keeping the teachers in view; Transmitting information. Serving as role models. Assisting the practice of developing specific skills. Contribution to the provision of feedback. Students as focal point. According to Meckenzie and others the following major objectives with student as focal point; The need to reach out to maximum number of students. To reach out to them with a improved range of learning materials.
- 5. To offer greater opportunities for independent study. To permit at least a limited students response. MACRO LEVEL OBJECTIVES (OBJECTIVES IN TERMS OF BROAD EDUCATIONAL GOALS) To identify the need and aspirations of the community. To determine the aims, objectives and the general structure of education. To develop and integrated curriculum of arts, science and human values. To identify and locate material resources and strategies for achieving the decided aim of education. To develop specific models of teaching to bring about an improvement in the teaching learning process. To design, modify and develop appropriate equipments or aids suitable or relevant to the educational process. To identify the latent environmental constraints and means to tackle them. To assist in providing vocational opportunities to the needy and deserving. To manage the entire educational system consists ofplanning, implementation and evaluation phases. MICRO LEVEL OBJECTIVES (OBJECTIVES IN TERMS OF SPECIFIC CLASSROOM TEACHING) To identify the educational needs of the learner. To access the characteristics of the student. To determine and formulate classroom objectives in behavioural terms. To identify the necessary teaching learning material. To identify the contents ofinstruction and organise them in a propersequence. To predetermine the nature of interaction between subsystems that is students, teachers, teaching learning materials, content and methodologies. To identify human resources. To plan out teaching strategies, models and methods as per the needs and objectives. To evaluate effectiveness ofthe teaching strategy interns oflearning outcomes that is behavioural changes in the students.
- 6. To provide appropriate feedbacks to students as well as teachers. To modify the teaching learning process on the basis of feedback received. CONCLUSION Educational technology is an applied or practical study which aims at maximizing educational effects by “controlling” such relevant factors such as educational purposes, educational content, teaching materials, educational environment, conduct of students, behaviour of instructors and interrelations between students and instructors. REFERENCES Essentials of educational technology – J C Aggarwal. Commerce Education: methodology of teaching and pedagogic. analysis - Dr. K Sivarajan, Dr. K Lal.