Basics of SPSS, Part 2
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This document provides guidance on using descriptive statistics and graphical summaries to represent data in SPSS. It discusses choosing appropriate charts, graphs, and numerical summaries based on the type of variable. Specifically, it covers how to create bar charts, pie charts, histograms, boxplots and scatterplots in SPSS. The document also discusses descriptive statistics like means, medians, and frequencies and how to interpret percentages in cross tabulation tables. Overall, the document aims to help users appropriately summarize and represent their data through graphical and numerical methods in SPSS.
Basics of SPSS, Part 2
- 1. Part 2: Summarising Data using Descriptive StatisticsDr.ChristinePereira
- 2. Choose appropriate graphical summaries Charts and graphs in SPSS Choose appropriate numerical summaries Descriptive statistics in SPSS Frequency tables in SPSS Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 2
- 3. Log into Blackboard Under “My Organisations” click “Academic Skills” In the left column under “Workshop presentations” Click Statistics and SPSS Find the Basics of SPSS Workshop Download and save the SPSS data file: EmployeeSurvey.sav Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 3
- 4. Representing Data Graphically Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 4
- 5. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 5
- 6. All variables listed here Select chart type Select chart format Build your chart here Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 6
- 7. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 7
- 8. Simple Bar Chart Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 8
- 9. Pie Chart Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 9
- 10. What is your ethnicity? (please tick one) White/European Asian West Indian African Other Create a Bar chart and/or Pie chart for the variable Ethnicity 1 Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 10
- 11. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 11
- 12. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 12
- 13. Clustered Bar Chart Stacked Bar Chart Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 13
- 14. Create a Clustered bar chart to summarise Organisational Commitment by Gender “I am very committed to this organisation.” Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Disagree Agree 1 2 3 4 5 1 Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 14 Gender (please tick one) Male Female 2
- 15. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 15
- 16. Simple Histogram Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 16
- 17. 1D Boxplot Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 17
- 18. Create a Histogram or Boxplot to summarise Annual Income What is your gross annual income?1 Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 18
- 19. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 19
- 20. Simple Scatterplot Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 20
- 21. Create a Scatterplot to summarise the relationship between Annual Income and Age What is your gross annual income?1 Age last birthday (in years)?2 Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 21
- 22. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 22
- 23. Simple Bar Chart Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 23
- 24. Simple Line Chart Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 24
- 25. Create a Chart of means to summarise employees total competency at all 3 time points: Start, 6 months, 12 months Competency score at start of job.1 2 Competency score at 6 mos. on the job. 3 Competency score at 12 mos. on the job. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 25
- 26. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 26
- 27. Simple Bar Chart Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 27
- 28. Simple Line Chart Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 28
- 29. Create a Chart of means to summarise the relationship between Annual Income and Rated Skill What is your gross annual income?1 2 Rated Skill of work: Unskilled Semi-Skilled Fairly Skilled Highly Skilled 1 2 3 4 Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 29
- 30. Right Click -> Edit Content -> In Separate Window Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 30
- 31. Reduce chart size and Apply changes Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 31
- 32. Right Click to view more options E.g., Transpose Chart Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 32
- 33. There’s much more in Chart Editor You can change: Colours Fonts Axis labels Data labels Insert trend lines Rearrange (or remove) variables …the list goes on Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 33
- 34. More resources available on Blackboard Go to Academic Skills under My Organisations In the left side column Under Resources click on Statistics and SPSS Here you can find videos, power point slides and guides for charts and graphs in SPSS Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 34
- 35. Representing Data Numerically Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 35
- 36. (All Descriptives) Mean, Median, Mode (Limited Descriptives) (Limited Descriptives) Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 36
- 37. (All Descriptives) Mean, Median, Mode Stdev, Variance Range, Percentiles, Min, Max, etc… (Limited Descriptives) (Limited Descriptives) Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 37
- 38. (All Descriptives) Mean, Median, Mode Stdev, Variance Range, Percentiles, Min, Max, etc… (Limited Descriptives) Frequency Table, Median, Mode (Limited Descriptives) Frequency Table, Mode Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 38
- 39. (All Descriptives) Mean, Median, Mode Stdev, Variance Range, Percentiles, Min, Max, etc… (Limited Descriptives) Frequency Table, Median, Mode (Limited Descriptives) Frequency Table, Mode Treating ORDINAL data like SCALE data Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 39
- 40. Ordinal data Mean and stdev OR frequencies and percentages? Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree NeutralDisagree Agree 1 2 3 4 5 12% 22.7% 21.3% 13.3% 30.7% Mean = 3.28 Stdev = 1.41 1.87 4.69 Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 40
- 41. Use descriptive statistics to summarise responses for Organisational Commitment “I am very committed to this organisation.” Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Disagree Agree 1 2 3 4 5 1 Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 41
- 42. Use to obtain Descriptives Frequency tables Charts • Bar • Pie • Histogram Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 42
- 43. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 43 Use descriptive statistics to summarise responses for Organisational Commitment
- 44. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 44 Use descriptive statistics to summarise responses for Organisational Commitment
- 45. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 45 14 out of 70 is 20.0% Percent Out of the total sample size (e.g., 70)
- 46. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 46 16 out of 70 is 22.9% Percent Out of the total sample size (e.g., 70)
- 47. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 47 68 out of 70 is 97.1% Percent Out of the total sample size (e.g., 70)
- 48. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 48 14 out of 68 is 20.6% Valid Percent Out of the total number of responses (e.g., 68)
- 49. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 49 16 out of 68 is 23.5% Valid Percent Out of the total number of responses (e.g., 68)
- 50. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 50 Same as 1st Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Sum of Valid Percents
- 51. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 51 Sum of 1st two Valid Percents Cumulative Percent Sum of Valid Percents
- 52. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 52 Sum of 1st three Valid Percents Cumulative Percent Sum of Valid Percents
- 53. Use descriptive statistics to summarise responses for Annual Income What is your gross annual income?1 Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 53
- 54. Use to obtain Descriptives Frequency tables Charts • Bar • Pie • Histogram Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 54
- 55. Use descriptive statistics to summarise responses for Annual Income Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 55
- 56. Use descriptive statistics to summarise responses for Annual Income Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 56
- 57. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 57
- 58. Use a cross tabulation table to summarise Organisational Commitment by Gender “I am very committed to this organisation.” Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Disagree Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Gender (please tick one) Male Female 1 2 Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 58
- 59. Use to obtain Crosstabs table • Observed count or % • Expected count Crosstab statistics • Chi-square • Correlations Clustered bar charts Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 59
- 60. Use a cross tabulation table to summarise Organisational Commitment by Gender Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 60 Observed count Frequency observed in the sample
- 61. Use a cross tabulation table to summarise Organisational Commitment by Gender Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 61 Row % % of participants Uses row totals
- 62. Use a cross tabulation table to summarise Organisational Commitment by Gender Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 62 Total % % of participants Uses sample size
- 63. Use a cross tabulation table to summarise Organisational Commitment by Gender Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 63 Column % % of participants Uses column totals
- 64. Use a cross tabulation table to summarise Organisational Commitment by Gender Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 64 4 Females Strongly Agreed
- 65. Use a cross tabulation table to summarise Organisational Commitment by Gender Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 65 8 Males Agreed
- 66. Use a cross tabulation table to summarise Organisational Commitment by Gender Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 66 19 Participants were Undecided
- 67. Use a cross tabulation table to summarise Organisational Commitment by Gender Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 67 4 of 38 Females Strongly Agreed 10.5% of females
- 68. Use a cross tabulation table to summarise Organisational Commitment by Gender Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 68 8 of 30 Males Agreed 26.7% of males
- 69. Use a cross tabulation table to summarise Organisational Commitment by Gender Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 69 19 of 68 Respondents were Undecided 27.9% of respondents
- 70. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 70
- 71. Two methods: 1. ‘Explore’ option 2. Split file, then ‘Frequencies’ option We will use the 2nd method. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 71
- 72. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 72 Use descriptives to summarise the relationship between Annual Income split by Gender What is your gross annual income?1 2 Gender (please tick one) Male Female
- 73. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 73
- 74. Categorical Variable Output for males and females will be in one table Separate output tables for males and females File must be sorted! Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 74
- 75. The file is sorted All females are listed first, then all males Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 75
- 76. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 76 Now get stats for Annual Income • Use ‘Frequencies’ • Output will be split by Gender
- 77. Use descriptives to summarise the relationship between Annual Income split by Gender Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 77
- 78. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 78 Use descriptives to summarise the relationship between Annual Income split by Gender Split File Option to Compare Groups Output for males and females is in one table
- 79. Separate output tables for males and females Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 79
- 80. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 80 Use descriptives to summarise the relationship between Annual Income split by Gender Split File Option to Organise Output by Groups Separate output table for males and females
- 81. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 81 When finished, return the file to normal.
- 82. Choose your numerical and graphical summaries based on the level of measurement of each variable. Likert scale data is ORDINAL not scale. In a frequency table, use the Valid Percent rather than the Percent. In a crosstab table, Choose the correct percentage(s) (row, column or total) based on what you are trying to emphasize or draw attention to. Make sure you interpret the percentage(s) correctly. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 82
- 83. Dr. Christine PereiraASK at Brunel (2013) 83 Short video tutorials on all these topics
- 84. SPSS Survival Manual, 4th Edition (2010) by Julie Pallant. SPSS Survival Manual, 5th Edition (2013) by Julie Pallant. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, 3rd Edition (2009) by Andy Field. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, 4th Edition (2013) by Andy Field. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 84
- 85. Dr. Christine Pereira ASK at Brunel (2014) 85