Biochips
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Biochips & microarray technology consists of the following key points: Biochips are miniaturized laboratories that can perform hundreds or thousands of simultaneous biochemical reactions. They contain individual sensors to detect defects. Biochips have components like a computer microchip, antenna coil, and capacitor encapsulated in glass. Biochips have applications in genomics, proteomics, cellomics, and bio-diagnostics like disease diagnosis. They allow researchers to quickly screen large numbers of samples. Advantages of biochips include their small size, ability to perform fast reactions, increase diagnosis speed, and ease of use. Limitations include difficulty producing at high density and lack of standardization. Overall, biochips promise to
Biochips
- 1. Biochips & microarray technology Seminar Coordinators: Dr. G N RAMESHAIAH Mr. SOUMEN PANDA Presented by: SHALINI H N (1BM14BCE09)
- 2. Contents Introduction Components and working principle Applications Advantages Limitations 2
- 4. Biosensors are analytical devices which converts a biological response into an electrical signal. What are biosensors? 4Working principle of biosensors
- 5. Biochips are essentially miniaturized laboratories that can perform hundreds or thousands of simultaneous biochemical reactions. Biochips enable researchers to quickly screen large numbers of biological analytes for a variety of purposes, from disease diagnosis to detection of bioterrorism agents. One of the first commercial biochips was introduced by Affymetrix. Their "GeneChip" products contain thousands of individual DNA sensors for use in sensing defects. What are biochips? 5Working principle of biochip Biochip
- 6. Components 6
- 7. Components Biochip consists of transponder and reader. The biochip-transponder consists of four parts; computer microchip, antenna coil, capacitor, glass capsule. Components of a Biochip
- 9. Genomics 9
- 10. Proteomics 10
- 11. Every living creature is made up of cells, the basic building blocks of life. Cells are used widely for several applications including study of drug cell interactions for drug discovery, as well as in biosensing. Cellomics 11
- 12. Bio-diagnostics Biodiagnostics or biosensing is the field of sensing biological molecules based on electrochemical, biochemical, optical, luminometric methods. The use of biochip facilitates development of sensors which involves optimization of the platform, reduction in detection time and improving the signal-to-noise ratio. 12
- 13. Advantages 13
- 14. Small in size. Faster & powerful. Perform thousand of biological reactions in a few seconds. Increase speed of diagnosis of unknown pathogens. Ability to detect multiple viral agent in parallel. Ease of use. ADVANTAGES 14
- 15. Limitations 15
- 16. These methods have problem that a DNA chip cannot be fabricated at high density and mass production is limited. A key challenge to the biochip industry is standardization. The glass capsule may break and cause damage to other organs. LIMITATIONS 16
- 17. CONCLUSION Biochips promises to bring genomics, the study of all the genes in existing organisms, out of the research laboratory and into the everyday practice of medicine. If genomics delivers on its promise, health care will shift from a focus on detection and treatment to a process of prediction and prevention. The biochip space lies at the intersection between high technology chip manufacturing, signal processing, software skills and more traditional molecular biology and genomics. The market for biosensors and biochips is interdisciplinary and growing and has applications in a number of core research areas. 17
- 18. References Biochip Technology –A Gigantic Innovation; Prof. T.Venkat Narayana Rao, Sai Sukruthi.G, Gloria Raj, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hyderabad Institute of Technology; SSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2012. Biochip Technology and Applications; Mr. Chaithanya Kadari, Mr. Saidulu Yalagandula, Miss. Padma Koutarapu; International Journal of Biometrics and Bioinformatics (IJBB), Volume (5): Issue (2): May / June 2011. Advances in biosensors: principle, architecture and applications; Veeradasan Perumal, Uda Hashim Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia. The making of microarray; Peter Gwynne, Gary Heebner; DNA and BioChips. Invention of the "Biochip": True Semiconductor-to-Life Symbioses; R.E. Baier, 13Dec99. Biochip implantation - When humans get tagged; Renjith VP, SiliconIndia (http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Biochip_implantation__When_humans_get_tag ged-nid-74531-cid-2.html). Nature Biotechnology 18, IT43 - IT44 (2000); doi:10.1038/80082. 18
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- 20. Thank you !! 20