Brinkley13 ppt ch03

Alan Brinkley,Alan Brinkley,
AMERICAN HISTORYAMERICAN HISTORY
13/e13/e
Chapter Three: Society andChapter Three: Society and
Culture in Provincial AmericaCulture in Provincial America

Chapter Three:Chapter Three:
Society and Culture in Provincial AmericaSociety and Culture in Provincial America
2
America in 1700

 IntroductionIntroduction
 Diverging SocietiesDiverging Societies
 The Colonial PopulationThe Colonial Population
 Immigration and Natural IncreaseImmigration and Natural Increase
– Indentured ServitudeIndentured Servitude
 OriginsOrigins
 Most Migrants Came as LaborersMost Migrants Came as Laborers
 Realities of Indentured ServitudeRealities of Indentured Servitude
 Most in Chesapeake Bay RegionMost in Chesapeake Bay Region
 Declining Birthrate in EnglandDeclining Birthrate in England
 African Slavery IncreasesAfrican Slavery Increases
3

– Birth and DeathBirth and Death
 Exceptional LongevityExceptional Longevity
in New Englandin New England
 More BalancedMore Balanced
Sex RatioSex Ratio
– Medicine in the ColoniesMedicine in the Colonies
 MidwivesMidwives
The Non-Indian Population of North America,
1700-1780
4

– Women and Families in the ChesapeakeWomen and Families in the Chesapeake
 Male Authority UnderminedMale Authority Undermined
 One Pregnancy Every Two Years (Average)One Pregnancy Every Two Years (Average)
 Greater Independence inGreater Independence in
the Souththe South
 Revival of PatriarchyRevival of Patriarchy
Virginia and Carolina, 1638
(Royalty-Free / CORBIS)
5

– Women and Families in New EnglandWomen and Families in New England
 Male-Dominated New EnglandMale-Dominated New England
 The Patriarchal PuritanThe Patriarchal Puritan
FamilyFamily
New England, 1755
(Royalty-Free /
CORBIS)
6

 The ColonialThe Colonial
PopulationPopulation
– The Beginnings of SlaveryThe Beginnings of Slavery
in British Americain British America
 The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage
 Growing SlaveGrowing Slave
PopulationPopulation
 11 million Forcibly put11 million Forcibly put
into Bondageinto Bondage
 Uncertain StatusUncertain Status
 Mixed Races-MulattosMixed Races-Mulattos
 Slave CodesSlave Codes
7

African Population of British
Colonies, 1620-1780
8
Slave Ship (Library of Congress)

Mixed Race Hierarchy
in Spanish America

Immigrant Groups
In Colonial America
– Changing Sources ofChanging Sources of
European ImmigrationEuropean Immigration
 Huguenots andHuguenots and
Pennsylvania DutchPennsylvania Dutch
 Scotch-IrishScotch-Irish
 Largest Contingent of ImmigrantsLargest Contingent of Immigrants
10

Selling Tobacco
(American Heritage)
 The Colonial EconomiesThe Colonial Economies
 Rapid PopulationRapid Population
GrowthGrowth
– The Southern EconomyThe Southern Economy
 TobaccoTobacco
11

– The Southern EconomyThe Southern Economy
 TobaccoTobacco
 IndigoIndigo
– Northern Economic and Technological LifeNorthern Economic and Technological Life
 More Diverse Agriculture in the NorthMore Diverse Agriculture in the North
 Saugus IronworksSaugus Ironworks
 Extractive IndustriesExtractive Industries
12

– The Extent and Limits of TechnologyThe Extent and Limits of Technology
 Myth of Self-SufficiencyMyth of Self-Sufficiency
– The Rise of Colonial CommerceThe Rise of Colonial Commerce
 Shortage of CurrencyShortage of Currency
 Barter EconomyBarter Economy
 Triangular TradeTriangular Trade
 Colonies Provided Raw MaterialsColonies Provided Raw Materials
 Emerging Merchant ClassEmerging Merchant Class
13

14
The “Triangular Trade”

– The Rise of ConsumerismThe Rise of Consumerism
 Growing ConsumerismGrowing Consumerism
 Social ConsequencesSocial Consequences
 Luxuries Become NecessitiesLuxuries Become Necessities
15

Landscape of Mulberry
plantation, South Carolina,
(Library of Congress)
 Patterns of SocietyPatterns of Society
 Social MobilitySocial Mobility
– The PlantationThe Plantation
 Vagaries of theVagaries of the
Plantation EconomyPlantation Economy
 Tobacco PlantationsTobacco Plantations
 Virginia and MarylandVirginia and Maryland
 Stratified SouthernStratified Southern
SocietySociety
16

– Plantation SlaveryPlantation Slavery
 Slave CultureSlave Culture
 Blending of ReligionsBlending of Religions
 Mulatto ChildrenMulatto Children
 Stono Rebellion-1739Stono Rebellion-1739
 South CarolinaSouth Carolina
17
African Population as a
Proportion of Total Population,
c. 1775

– The Puritan CommunityThe Puritan Community
 Patterns of SettlementPatterns of Settlement
 Puritan DemocracyPuritan Democracy
 Town MeetingsTown Meetings
 Population PressurePopulation Pressure
 Generational ConflictGenerational Conflict
 ““Primogeniture”Primogeniture”
 Firstborn SonsFirstborn Sons
18

19
The New England Town: Sudbury, MA, 17th
century

– The Witchcraft PhenomenonThe Witchcraft Phenomenon
 Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials
 Women of Low Social ClassWomen of Low Social Class
The Witch House,
Salem, Massachusetts
(Royalty-Free / CORBIS)
20

– CitiesCities
 Growth of Colonial CitiesGrowth of Colonial Cities
 Port CitiesPort Cities
 Philadelphia and New YorkPhiladelphia and New York
 Commercial and Cultural ImportanceCommercial and Cultural Importance
21

 Awakenings and EnlightenmentsAwakenings and Enlightenments
– The Pattern of ReligionsThe Pattern of Religions
 Roots of Religious TolerationRoots of Religious Toleration
 Greater Than Most of EuropeGreater Than Most of Europe
 Church of England-VirginiaChurch of England-Virginia
 Anti-Catholicism-MarylandAnti-Catholicism-Maryland
 Jews Could Not Vote or Hold OfficeJews Could Not Vote or Hold Office
 Jeremiads-Sermons of DespairJeremiads-Sermons of Despair
– The Great AwakeningThe Great Awakening
 Old Lights and New LightsOld Lights and New Lights
– The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment
 Traditional Authority ChallengedTraditional Authority Challenged
 Belief That People Could Control Their Own DestinyBelief That People Could Control Their Own Destiny
 Cities Become Intellectual CentersCities Become Intellectual Centers
22

American EnlightenmentAmerican Enlightenment
 Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin
 Thomas PaineThomas Paine
 Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson
 James MadisonJames Madison

 Awakenings and EnlightenmentsAwakenings and Enlightenments
– EducationEducation
 High White Literacy RatesHigh White Literacy Rates
 Bibles and AlmanacsBibles and Almanacs
 Liberal CurriculaLiberal Curricula
 Most Colleges Founded by Religious GroupsMost Colleges Founded by Religious Groups
 Harvard-1636Harvard-1636
– The Spread of ScienceThe Spread of Science
 Smallpox InoculationSmallpox Inoculation
– Concepts of Law and PoliticsConcepts of Law and Politics
 Colonial GovernmentsColonial Governments
24

Slave Ship
(Library of Congress)
Where Historians Disagree:Where Historians Disagree:
The Origins of SlaveryThe Origins of Slavery
25

Poor Richard’s Almanack
(New York Public Library)
Patterns of Popular Culture:Patterns of Popular Culture:
Colonial AlmanacsColonial Almanacs
27 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Brinkley13 ppt ch03

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Brinkley13 ppt ch03