bsnl (3)
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An industrial training was held at Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) for Aprup Sarkar, Gautam Kumar, and Manish Kumar. BSNL is India's largest fixed line and fourth largest mobile provider, as well as a broadband internet services provider. The training covered an overview of BSNL's services including universal services, mobile, internet, and newer technologies like 3G and WiMax. Participants learned about core telecommunication topics like telephone exchanges, pulse code modulation, optical fiber, broadband technologies, and wireless options. The training provided an overview of BSNL's telecommunications network and operations.
bsnl (3)
- 1. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING HELD AT BSNL APRUP SARKAR GAUTAM KUMAR MANISH KUMAR
- 2. INTRODUCTION: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (abbreviated BSNL)is an Indian state owned telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi. It is the largest provider of fixed telephony and fourth largest mobile telephony provider in India, and is also a provider of broadband services Technological developments in the field of telecommunication in India have been taking place at much faster as per the global trend. Particularly during last three Year There has been a major transformation in the switching Technology
- 3. SERVICES Universal Telecom Services Cellular Mobile Telephone Services WLL-CDMA Telephone Services Internet Intelligent Network (IN) 3G WiMax
- 4. OVERVIEW OF TELECOMMUNICATION Telephone is a telecommunication device that isusedto transmit and receive electronically or digitally encoded speech between two or more people conversing. Telecommunication networks carry information signals among entities , which are geographically a part. The telecommunication links and switching were mainly design for voice communication
- 5. TELEPHONE EXCHANGE Telephone exchange is a hub to which all subscribers are connected .For smooth working of exchange following unit are very important 1.Computer Unit 2.Power Supply 3.AC 4.MDF
- 6. Computer Unit: - it deals with additional services of the change to the customers with the help of computers. Power Plant:- to feed proper power supply to exchange AC Plant: - to maintain the continuous temperature + or- 2 degree Celsius to the digital switch (exchange).
- 7. MDF(MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME) The fault of telephone number is removed in the MDF; it is called as Fault Remove Section . These testing are T.T.Y. testing, Group testing, etc. The telephone numbers are also disconnected in the MDF because of some specific reason ORGANISATION OF THE MDF PARTS:- Horizontal side Vertical side
- 8. HORIZONTAL SIDE It is subdivided into two parts Exchange side Line side Description of the horizontal side:-Rack-On the rack, the tags are situated. One rack is having eight tags. WEDGE:-If we want to disconnect any two numbers then we insert a wedge between subscriber side and exchange side. Here wedge works as insulator made of plastic
- 9. VERTICAL SIDE The vertical side connected to the underground cable .This cable is having 100 pairs . These pair is distributed when we allot the telephone number to the subscriber .Vertical side is again subdivided in two parts : One part is connected with the horizontal side and another with the subscriber line by using 100 pair underground cable.
- 10. NIB(NETWORK INTERNET BACKBONE) Networking is a key component of any Internet Services Provider (ISP) operations .The Internet Backbone refers to the principal data routes between large, strategically interconnected networks and core routers in the Internet. BASIC BLOCKS OF NIB 1.MDF 2.Router 3.DSLAM 4.BNG
- 11. DSLAM (DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE ACCESS MULTIPLEXER) Maximum capacity of each DSLAM is 480 kbps Minimum capacity of each DSLAM is 120 kbps 480 kbps DSLAM has 16 cards, each card has48pairs of broad band customers One end of the DSLAM is connected to MDF through the cables which are filled
- 12. PULSE CODE MODULATION(PCM) 1.Filtering 2.Sampling 3.Quantizing 4.Encoding converts analog signals to a digital format(signal).This process has four major step
- 13. OPTICAL FIBRE The latest technology that we use today is Optical fibre communication system. In this system sound energy is converted to light which is transmitted over optical fibres . This has 99%efficiency.The fibre is made up of borosilicate glass
- 14. ADVANTAGES OF FIBER OPTIC CABEL Fibre Optics has the following advantages : SPEED: Fiber optic networks operate at high speeds -up into the gigabits BANDWIDTH : large carrying capacity DISTANCE: Signals can be transmitted further without needing to be "refreshed" or strengthened. RESISTANCE: Greater resistance to electromagnetic noise such as radios, motors or other nearby cables. MAINTENANCE: Fiber optic cables costs much less
- 15. OVERVIEW OF BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY Broadband is the nonspecific term for high- speed digital Internet access .Communication of data with different throughput is feasible by following technologies: Narrow Band 2.4Kbps – 128Kbps. Broadband 256Kbps–8000Kbps. LAN 1000 –100Mbps
- 16. Broadband communication technology can be divided broadly in to categories: Wire line Technology. Wireless Technology . Wireline Technologies include: Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) on copper loop. Optical Fibre Technologies. Cable TV Networks. PLC (power line communication)
- 17. WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDE: Satellite Media Terrestrial Wireless 3G Mobile Wi-Fi (wireless Fidelity) Wi Max. FSO (free space optics)
- 18. THANK YOU