Building Science Project 2 Intergration project
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The document provides a lighting analysis for the non-fiction reading area and bookstore of a new community library building. For the reading area: Daylight factor calculations determine the space achieves 3.2% daylight, below the recommended 300-500 lux. Artificial lighting is designed using the lumen method to provide 22 light fixtures in a 5x5 grid, achieving 300 lux. A PSALI system is proposed to partially switch rows of lights on based on daylight. For the bookstore: Daylight contours show good penetration. Artificial lighting is again designed using the lumen method to provide 24 light fixtures in a 6x4 grid, achieving 300 lux. The PSALI system can switch off side rows
![5 | P a g e
DaylightCalculation
Average DF = W/A X T θ /(1-R)
= 18.816 /233.28 X [(0.6 X 40)/ (1-0.4)]
= 3.2%
WindowArea(m2
) 8.4 X 3.2 = 26.88m2
W 26.88 X 0.7 =18.816 m2
T 0.6 (fordouble-glazedwindowsinclean
environment)
θ 40º
A 2(8.4 X 7.2) + 2(8.4 X 3.6) + 2 (7.2 X 3.6)
= 233.28 m2](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/report1707-170719102441/85/Building-Science-Project-2-Intergration-project-5-320.jpg)
![10 | P a g e
LumenMethodCalculation
Dimensionof room(m2
) L = 7.2, W = 8.4
Total floorarea(m2)
60.48
Heightof Ceiling 3.6
Type of lightfixture FluorescentLamp
Luminousflux of lighting,F(lm) 1750
Heightof luminaries (m) 3.4
Heightof workingplane 1.5
Mountingheight(Hm) 3.6 - 0.2 - 1.5 = 1.9
Reflectance factor Ceiling(Whiteplasteredceiling) =0.7
Wall (White wall )=0.5
WorkingPlane (woodendecking)=0.1
Roomindex,RI(K) RI = L X W
Hm X (L + W)
RI = 60.48/[ 1.9 x (7.2+8.4)]
= 2.04
UtilizationFactor,UF 0.59
Maintenance factor,MF 0.8 (standard)
Numberof fittingsrequired,N N = E x A
F X UF X MF
N = (300 X 60.48)/ (1750 X 0.59 X 0.8)
=22 bulbs
Spacingto heightratio,SHR SHR= 1/Hm X √A/N
=1/1.9 x √60.48/22
= 0.8
SHR = S/Hm
0.80 = S/1.9
S = 1.52
FittingLayout Fittingrequiredalong7.2mwall
7.2/1.52 (m) = 4.73 ~ 5 rows
Numberof lampsineach row along8.4m wall
22/5 = 4.4 ~5 rows
Therefore,5X 5 = 25 bulbs(more than22
bulbs)
To achieve the recommendedMS1525 reading
area of 300 lux
x-spacingrequiredfor7.2m wall is7.2/5 = 1.44
y-spacingrequiredfor8.4mwall is8.4/5 =
1.68m
FirstSpacingfor the 7.2m wall will be half of the S,1.44/2 = 0.72m
FirstSpacingfor the 8.4m wall will be half of the S,1.68/2 = 0.84m](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/report1707-170719102441/85/Building-Science-Project-2-Intergration-project-10-320.jpg)
![16 | P a g e
Dimensionof room(m2
) L= 8.87, W = 5.95
Total floorarea(m2)
52.78
Heightof Ceiling 3.0
Type of lightfixture LED Lighting
Luminousflux of lighting,F(lm) 1521
Heightof luminaries(m) 3.0
Heightof workingplane 1.0
Mountingheight(Hm) 3.0-1.0 = 2.0
Reflectance factor Ceiling(Whiteplasteredceiling) =0.7
Wall (White wall )=0.5
WorkingPlane (woodendecking)=0.1
Roomindex,RI(K) RI = L X W
Hm X (L + W)
RI = 52.78/ [ 2.0 x (8.87+5.95)]
= 1.78
UtilizationFactor, UF 0.59
Maintenance factor,MF 0.8 (standard)
Numberof fittingsrequired,N N = E x A
F X UF X MF
N = (300 X 52.78)/ (1521 X 0.59 X 0.8)
=22 bulbs
Spacingto heightratio,SHR SHR= 1/Hm X √A/N
=1/2.0 x √52.78/22
= 0.77
SHR = S/Hm
0.77 = S/2.0
S = 1.54
FittingLayout Fittingrequiredalong5.95mwall
5.95/1.54 (m) = 3.86 ~ 4 rows
Numberof lampsineach row
22/4 = 5.5 ~6 lamps
Therefore,6X 4 = 24 bulbs(more than22
bulbs)
To achieve the recommendedMS1525 reading
area of 300 lux
x-spacingrequiredfor5.95m wall is5.95/4 =
1.49mm
y-spacingrequiredfor8.4mwall is 8.87/6 =
1.48m](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/report1707-170719102441/85/Building-Science-Project-2-Intergration-project-16-320.jpg)
Building Science Project 2 Intergration project
- 1. 1 | P a g e 1.0 Introduction Site The CommunityLibraryislocatedwithinan urban infill site,JalanTuankuAbdul Rahman. It isflankedbypre-warbuildingsand readaptedfacadesformodernretailing businessalongthe street. Toretainthe characteristicof Jalan TAR streetfaçade,the oldfacade of the site isretainedwhileanew blockisaddedbehindthuscreatinga remix of facades. Intention The libraryservestoprovide studyareafor the readersas several bookstoresare available atthe site where theysell revision workbookforstudentsaswell asreligion bookas there isnot a spot forstudyarea in JalanTuankuAbdul Rahmanitself.The libraryaimsto gatherthe communityand provide space forinteractionstohappen. The courtyard servesasa performance space whichcouldserve as a meetingpoint that enhance communityrelationship.The formof the newblockrespectthe old buildingbyfollowingthe wedge of the existing.Italsoconsistsof pitch roof which will tone downthe 4-storeylibrary. SunPath At 9am, bookstore whichislocatedatthe frontwill receive adequate sunlightasthe whole space is setback 5m from the five footwaythusposesnothreat suchas toobrightor glare issue. At 2pm, the incidentsunlightiscomingmainlyfromthe topwestdirection,affectingthe readingareamainlyviathe voidof the courtyard.Louvre screenwiththe helpof bambooplant will diffuse directlightbeforereachingintothe space. 9am 2pm 6pm
- 2. 2 | P a g e 2.0 LightingAnalysis 2.1 DaylightFactorAnalysis Daylightfactoris definedasthe ratioof interiorilluminance,Ei toavailableoutdoorilluminance,Eo whichisthe unobstructedhorizontal externalilluminance: Zone DF (%) Distribution Very bright >6 Large (including thermal and glare problem) Bright 3-6 Good Average 1-3 Fair Dark 0-1 Poor Luminance Level (lux) Example 120,000 Brightest Sunlight 110,000 Bright Sunlight 20,000 Shade illuminatedbyentire clear blue sky, midday 1000-2000 Typical overcast day, midday 400 Sunrise / sunsetonclear day(ambientillumination) <200 Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday 40 Fully overcast, sunrise/sunset <1 Extreme of darkest storm cloud, sunrise/sunset Base on the table,the average outdoorilluminance inMalaysiaisassume tobe 20000 lux. DF = Ei (indoorIlluminance) x 100% E0 (outdoor illuminance) MS1525 Daylight Factor Distribution
- 3. 3 | P a g e
- 4. 4 | P a g e Non-fictionReadingarea The selected reading area is located in the middle of the building. The front block (preserved shophouse) thus block more sunlight, reducing the visible sky angle from the centre of the window to 40º. FirstFloorPlan ReadingArea
- 5. 5 | P a g e DaylightCalculation Average DF = W/A X T θ /(1-R) = 18.816 /233.28 X [(0.6 X 40)/ (1-0.4)] = 3.2% WindowArea(m2 ) 8.4 X 3.2 = 26.88m2 W 26.88 X 0.7 =18.816 m2 T 0.6 (fordouble-glazedwindowsinclean environment) θ 40º A 2(8.4 X 7.2) + 2(8.4 X 3.6) + 2 (7.2 X 3.6) = 233.28 m2
- 6. 6 | P a g e FloorArea(m2 ) 60.48 Areaof façade exposedto light(m2 ) Perimeter=8.4 Height= 3.6 Area= 30.24 Exposedfaçade tolight& skylightareatofloorarea ratio(daylightfactor) 30.24/60.48 = 0.5 (50%) = 50 x 0.1 = 5 Daylightfactor,DF DF=Ei/Eox 100% 5= Ei/2000 x 100% Ei = 1000 lux 40º Diagram Obstruction DiscussionRoom 40º Sectional Perspective PreservedBlock
- 7. 7 | P a g e DaylightContour Conclusion The selectedreadingareahasa daylightfactorof 3.2% andnatural illuminationof 1000 lux.Based on the recommendationof MS1525, readingarea shouldhasilluminance between300 lux to500 lux,thusthisreadingmightcause discomfortandglare tousersat the readingarea.Thisissue canbe resolvedbyaddingblindstoreduce the sunlightcomingfromthe courtyarddirectionduringthe day. Thisissue can alsobe tackledanotherwayif realise duringthe designphase.Incorporatingfully operable woodenlouvre tothe façade systemisagood optionasadequate amountof sunlightis allowedtopenetrate intothe space dependingonthe weatherof the day,maximizingnatural lightingwhenrequired.
- 8. 8 | P a g e 3. Artificial LightingAnalysis 3.1 Non-fictionReadingarea LumenMethod In lightingdesign,the lumenmethod,(alsocalledzonal cavity method),isasimplified method to calculate the lightlevel inaroom.The methodisa seriesof calculationsthatuseshorizontal illuminance criteriatoestablishauniformluminaire layoutinaspace. FirstFloorPlan ReadingArea
- 9. 9 | P a g e LightingFixture Properties
- 10. 10 | P a g e LumenMethodCalculation Dimensionof room(m2 ) L = 7.2, W = 8.4 Total floorarea(m2) 60.48 Heightof Ceiling 3.6 Type of lightfixture FluorescentLamp Luminousflux of lighting,F(lm) 1750 Heightof luminaries (m) 3.4 Heightof workingplane 1.5 Mountingheight(Hm) 3.6 - 0.2 - 1.5 = 1.9 Reflectance factor Ceiling(Whiteplasteredceiling) =0.7 Wall (White wall )=0.5 WorkingPlane (woodendecking)=0.1 Roomindex,RI(K) RI = L X W Hm X (L + W) RI = 60.48/[ 1.9 x (7.2+8.4)] = 2.04 UtilizationFactor,UF 0.59 Maintenance factor,MF 0.8 (standard) Numberof fittingsrequired,N N = E x A F X UF X MF N = (300 X 60.48)/ (1750 X 0.59 X 0.8) =22 bulbs Spacingto heightratio,SHR SHR= 1/Hm X √A/N =1/1.9 x √60.48/22 = 0.8 SHR = S/Hm 0.80 = S/1.9 S = 1.52 FittingLayout Fittingrequiredalong7.2mwall 7.2/1.52 (m) = 4.73 ~ 5 rows Numberof lampsineach row along8.4m wall 22/5 = 4.4 ~5 rows Therefore,5X 5 = 25 bulbs(more than22 bulbs) To achieve the recommendedMS1525 reading area of 300 lux x-spacingrequiredfor7.2m wall is7.2/5 = 1.44 y-spacingrequiredfor8.4mwall is8.4/5 = 1.68m FirstSpacingfor the 7.2m wall will be half of the S,1.44/2 = 0.72m FirstSpacingfor the 8.4m wall will be half of the S,1.68/2 = 0.84m
- 11. 11 | P a g e LightFittingsSpacingDiagram Artificial lightingcontour LightingContourwhenall artificial lightison
- 12. 12 | P a g e PSALI (PermanentSupplementaryArtificiallightingof Interior) As the readingareaislocatedmore than 4.5m awayfromthe courtyard,every1m intothe reading area reducesindaylightsignificantly.The lightfittingisplanina wayof row 1,3,5 will onlybe neededtoswitchonwhenitisdark to illuminatethe cornersof the roomwhile switchingon row 2 and 4 alreadyprovide sufficientlightingtothe userinthe space duringthe day. SW1 SW2 LightingContourwhenswitch1is switchon(Row 1,3,5) SW2 SW1 LightingContourwhenswitch2is switchon(Row 2,4)
- 13. 13 | P a g e 3.2 Bookstore Ground FloorPlan
- 14. 14 | P a g e Contourdiagramof groundfloordaylightfactor
- 15. 15 | P a g e LightingFixture Properties
- 16. 16 | P a g e Dimensionof room(m2 ) L= 8.87, W = 5.95 Total floorarea(m2) 52.78 Heightof Ceiling 3.0 Type of lightfixture LED Lighting Luminousflux of lighting,F(lm) 1521 Heightof luminaries(m) 3.0 Heightof workingplane 1.0 Mountingheight(Hm) 3.0-1.0 = 2.0 Reflectance factor Ceiling(Whiteplasteredceiling) =0.7 Wall (White wall )=0.5 WorkingPlane (woodendecking)=0.1 Roomindex,RI(K) RI = L X W Hm X (L + W) RI = 52.78/ [ 2.0 x (8.87+5.95)] = 1.78 UtilizationFactor, UF 0.59 Maintenance factor,MF 0.8 (standard) Numberof fittingsrequired,N N = E x A F X UF X MF N = (300 X 52.78)/ (1521 X 0.59 X 0.8) =22 bulbs Spacingto heightratio,SHR SHR= 1/Hm X √A/N =1/2.0 x √52.78/22 = 0.77 SHR = S/Hm 0.77 = S/2.0 S = 1.54 FittingLayout Fittingrequiredalong5.95mwall 5.95/1.54 (m) = 3.86 ~ 4 rows Numberof lampsineach row 22/4 = 5.5 ~6 lamps Therefore,6X 4 = 24 bulbs(more than22 bulbs) To achieve the recommendedMS1525 reading area of 300 lux x-spacingrequiredfor5.95m wall is5.95/4 = 1.49mm y-spacingrequiredfor8.4mwall is 8.87/6 = 1.48m
- 17. 17 | P a g e FirstSpacingfor the 5.95 wall will be half of the S, 1.49/2 = 0.75m FirstSpacingfor the 8.4m wall will be half of the S,1.48/2 = 0.74m LightFittingsSpacingDiagram Artificial lighting+daylightcontour
- 18. 18 | P a g e PSALI(PermanentSupplementaryArtificiallightingof Interior) Basedon the lightingcontourof artificial lightinganddaylightcontour(page 17),it isnotice that lightfromrow 1 and 6 can be switchoff duringthe day as there isenoughdaylightemittingintothe space. Bookstore requireslesseramountof lightcomparedtothe library.However,row 1 and6 mustbe onduringthe darkwhenthere isnot daylightpenetratingintothe space.