CDE themed comp -syn-bio part 2
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This document discusses potential applications of synthetic biology for developing novel transparent materials and adhesives/interlayer materials. It notes that new materials could help address issues like moisture degradation, delamination, and reducing costs. The document outlines challenges with current materials and desirable properties for new solutions. It provides details on a competition seeking proposals for using synthetic biology to create novel transparent materials or adhesives/interlayers, noting what is and isn't desired in submissions. Overall the document scopes opportunities for synthetic biology to enhance transparent materials for defense applications.
![Current transparent interlayer materials
Interlayer materials
• tough and ductile, so brittle cracks will
not pass from one side of the laminate
to the other
• film/gap thicknesses typically 0.381 to
1.27 mm
PVB
• (C8H14O2)n
• poly[(2-propyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-
diyl)methylene]
TPU
• thermoplastic elastomers consisting of
linear segmented block copolymers
composed of hard and soft segments
12/9/2016
Crown copyright 2016 Dstl
OFFICIAL](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cdethemedcomp-synbiopart2-161209130535/85/CDE-themed-comp-syn-bio-part-2-24-320.jpg)
CDE themed comp -syn-bio part 2
- 1. Synthetic Biology Functional transparent materials for sensor protection OFFICIAL© Crown copyright 2016 Dstl 09 December 2016
- 2. Uses of transparent ballistic materials Examples of candidate transparent materials The problem space • glint/glare • laser dazzle How can synthetic biology help? OFFICIAL© Crown copyright 2016 Dstl 09 December 2016 Optical performance of transparent armour
- 3. OFFICIAL© Crown copyright 2016 Dstl 09 December 2016 SNATCH 3.6 Tonnes Challenger 2 ~65 Tonnes SALOON 1-3 Tonnes TELEPHONE CMOS SENSOR ~170 grams AJAX 38 Tonnes MISSILE SEEKER HEAD ~ 90 kg Many uses
- 4. Candidate transparent materials OFFICIAL© Crown copyright 2016 Dstl 09 December 2016
- 5. OFFICIAL© Crown copyright 2016 Dstl 09 December 2016 • for example glass fibre matt in polyacrylate resin + cheap + good ballistic performance - refractive index/dispersion match - thickness vs transparency - cure/polymerisation anisotropy Image of PDLC liquid lens © Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 164109 (2009) Image © cladco.co.uk Composites
- 6. OFFICIAL© Crown copyright 2016 Dstl 09 December 2016 + high performance transparent armour + high transparency − scattering centres − weight − expensive Image sourced from Wikipedia Image © ceramtec.com Ceramics For example sapphire (Al2O3), magnesium aluminate spinel, aluminium oxy nitride
- 7. OFFICIAL© Crown copyright 2016 Dstl 09 December 2016 Image © Malvern Optical Ltd.Image © pixoto.com. • glint/glare • signature high spot • significant detection cue • multiple wavebands • negative and positive contrast Image © QinetiQ. Image © SPIE. The problem space
- 8. OFFICIAL© Crown copyright 2016 Dstl 09 December 2016 + layered stepped index coating + cheap − narrow bandwidth/angle of operation − large area control of thickness/index − large scale cost Image sourced from Wikipedia Image © Malvern Optical Ltd. Anti-reflection coatings
- 9. OFFICIAL© Crown copyright 2016 Dstl 09 December 2016 + better frequency response + improved operation angle − feature size/registration − structural integrity − thickness limitation Deubel, M et al. Nature Mat, 3, 444, (2004) © Integrated Publishing Inc.. Graded refractive index
- 10. OFFICIAL© Crown copyright 2016 Dstl 09 December 2016 + biomimetic + large bandwidth/angle of operation − feature size − complexity − cost © El_Seed Corp. © Wired.com. Moth-eye structures
- 11. OFFICIAL© Crown copyright 2016 Dstl 09 December 2016 © Crown copyright • increasing problem • multiple wavebands • threat to equipment and personnel © SPIE © Iridian-optical-filters.com The problem space – laser dazzle
- 12. OFFICIAL© Crown copyright 2016 Dstl 09 December 2016 Electro-optic protection measures metal / carbon nanoparticlescopper phthalocyanine colour change photonic crystal image © Bristol University reverse photochromic pigments image © Huddersfield University • non-linear scattering • photonic crystals • self-adaptive pigments • reverse saturable absorption
- 13. How can synthetic biology help? Optical performance of transparent armour • cheaper/more environmentally friendly routes to existing materials – cost, weight, strength • novel functional transparent materials self assembly self-healing reactive – for example to specific wavelengths multi-functionality • signature management reduced visible/thermal signatures from novel transmissive (and reflective) solutions OFFICIAL© Crown copyright 2014 Dstl 09 December 2016
- 14. Transparent materials challenges Adhesives and interlayer materials All images ©2013 Transparent Armor Solutions 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 15. Why bond with adhesives? • enables production of laminated products that are strong and lightweight • advantages of ply lamination include safety and security 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 16. Why use an interlayer? Provides three beneficial properties to laminated glass and other panes: • distribute impact forces across a greater area • binds the resulting shards if the pane is ultimately broken • viscoelastic interlayer undergoes plastic deformation - absorbing energy and reducing penetration by the impacting object 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 17. Military uses Transparent armour and bullet resistant systems Bullet resistant glass © Eco-Jetcut. All rights reserved. 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 18. Problem • degradation of transparency - including water ingress and delamination • failure of the glazing framework Edge delamination in vehicle windscreen Diagram of edge delamination in window frame Images source: https://www.cpni.gov.uk/.../2013037-delamination_laminated_glass.pdf 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 19. Why does this matter? • degrades equipment performance and availability • degradation of transparency affects visibility • useful service life that is controlled by the surface degradation (for example scratches) and removal of the transparency for optical reasons 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 20. Why does this matter? • material defects such as edge delamination will reduce bonding and reduce the blast-resistance of the laminated glass • equally applies to all constructs/systems • cost of replacements and installation 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 21. Common delamination problems Excessive moisture • polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is hygroscopic and absorbs moisture • PVB will yellow and hence reduce optical clarity • delamination occurs Compatibility • incorrect materials/ products used in sealing the framework 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 22. Common delamination problems Mismatching of glass/poor processing • stresses applied to the interlayer, particularly at the edges Quality of installation • exposure to surface cleaners and primers can cause the adhesive layer to deteriorate 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 23. Requirements for transparent interlayer materials • adequate optical transparency • compatible with transparent materials • adhesion to many surfaces • strong bonding, toughness • adequate flexibility • stop cracks propagating • the system must also perform adequately 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 24. Current transparent interlayer materials Interlayer materials • tough and ductile, so brittle cracks will not pass from one side of the laminate to the other • film/gap thicknesses typically 0.381 to 1.27 mm PVB • (C8H14O2)n • poly[(2-propyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6- diyl)methylene] TPU • thermoplastic elastomers consisting of linear segmented block copolymers composed of hard and soft segments 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 25. What are we looking for? Desired solution utilising synthetic biology • novel adhesives and interlayer materials which prevent water ingress and/or absorbs moisture without causing delamination and degradation of optical transparency 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 26. You need to consider • the system and operating environment • surfaces and adhesion • reducing the cost of inserting new materials on products - modelling, characterisation, testing • scale-up • durability and longevity, particularly in harsh environments 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 27. You need to consider • fabrication process • repair process • is it future-proofed? • is it non-hazardous? 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 28. Synthetic biology for transparent materials CDE themed competition 12/9/2016 OFFICIALCrown copyright 2016 Dstl
- 29. What we want - materials • new materials are potentially transformational • must involve synthetic biology at some stage in their production • likely require multidisciplinary teams and approaches • production of sufficient material to demonstrate desired property • relevant wavelength transmission required • military application must be identified 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl OFFICIAL
- 30. What we want - adhesives and interlayer materials As for materials, but also - • indication of the range of material combinations that can be bonded • consideration of Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACh) acceptability 12/9/2016 OFFICIALCrown copyright 2016 Dstl
- 31. Synthetic biology for materials 12/9/2016 Known material Novel material Microbe is the material Added functionality Cheaper Accessibility OFFICIAL Personal protection • eyes Platforms • windows Sensors • beyond the visible Microbes Cell-free systems Known and novel pathways Templating Cells Organisms Communities OFFICIAL 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl
- 32. 12/9/2016 Programme vision for materials “……..exploiting global investment in state of the art materials and structures science for enhanced defence and security capability.” Future proofing that from which defence equipment is made! OFFICIALCrown copyright 2016 Dstl
- 33. Challenges Challenge 1: novel transparent materials Challenge 2: adhesives and interlayer materials • pick the most appropriate one for the application selected to get the relevant assessors • no pre-determined allocation of funds between challenges OFFICIAL 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl
- 34. What we don’t want • existing solutions or technology, which have already been tested and found to have limited utility • proposals that comprise a paper study, review or similar • solutions requiring the release of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) into the environment OFFICIAL 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl
- 35. What we don’t want • proposals in areas where there is already a significant research effort - unless there’s a clearly defined new application relevant to defence and security • proposals without a synthetic biology component in the approach OFFICIAL 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl
- 36. Bidding - making reviewers’ lives easier and improving your chances • identify the defence application clearly what will be the benefit? • identify the synthetic biology component clearly • how is this highly innovative? • what advantages does this provide over currently available solutions? 12/9/2016 OFFICIALCrown copyright 2016 Dstl
- 37. Bidding - making reviewers’ lives easier and improving your chances • have you assembled a team that can do this? • provide a full technical justification decision is evidence-based and assessors can only judge the proposal on what is in it • read the guidance • submit early • the deadline really is the deadline 12/9/2016 OFFICIAL Crown copyright 2016 Dstl
- 38. Synthetic biology Exploitation • up to £1 million for phase 2 funding • main MOD research programme • commercial partners OFFICIAL 12/9/2016 Crown copyright 2016 Dstl