CELB20020 Library Workshop 26 Jan 2011
- 1. Finding & Citing InformationHow to search for and find the research literature you need!CELB20020 Perspectives in Cell BiologyPresented by Josh Clark, Science LibrarianWednesday 26th January 2011UCD James Joyce LibraryLeabharlann UCD
- 2. What I will cover:Plagiarism – what it is and what you need to know
- 3. The different sources of information
- 4. What are the best sources for your needs?
- 5. How to start searching
- 6. Using the Library’s catalogue & article searching functionsSince my very unsuccessful journeyto the library, I am now unsure about how effective research is going to be made in this project as there seems to be no written literature published yet. I know that an unbiased project can not be produced with information solely from the internetso I'm sort of confused as to what to do next.From a real student!
- 8. After the information gathering...Once you have a sufficient (and relevant!) amount of information, it’s time to analyse, draw your conclusions and write up your report/ presentation.It’s very important to compile your bibliography – references to the material which has informed your own research
- 10. Avoid plagiarism!What is plagiarism?
- 11. What is common knowledge?
- 12. How does plagiarism happen?
- 13. How to avoid plagiarism
- 15. Referencing within a text
- 17. Where to find further informationWhat is it?“The action or practice of taking someone else's work, idea, etc., and passing it off as one's own”“literary theft”-Oxford English Dictionary definition
- 18. Forms of plagiarismUsing another person’s words or ideas without crediting the original source
- 19. Copying and pasting directly from a source into your document
- 20. Passing off someone else’s work as your own
- 21. Failing to put a quotation in quotation marksForms of plagiarismSummarising or paraphrasing material without crediting the original source
- 22. Changing certain words or phrases but copying the ideas and sentence structure of the original source without crediting it
- 23. Citing sources you did not use or readUCD’s policyPlagiarism is a serious academic offence. While plagiarism may be easy to commit unintentionally, it is defined by the act not the intention. See the University’s policy on plagiarism!http://www.ucd.ie/registry/academicsecretariat/plag_pol_proc.pdf
- 24. Why so serious?Plagiarism undermines the University’s reputation and the quality of degrees and research
- 25. Knowledge creation is a key element of researching
- 26. Ability to communicate in writing, researching, and learning to organise data is an essential part of life long learning
- 27. Undermines integrityexamples of plagiarismIn journalism: Jayson Blair, NYT reporterIn politics: Obama speechIn music: MadonnaGeorge Harrison ColdplayU2
- 31. How does it happen?Unintentional:Poor study skills
- 33. Can’t find the information
- 35. Ignorance about plagiarismIntentional:Pressure for good grades
- 37. Dishonesty3 common misperceptions It's not plagiarism if you paraphrase
- 38. Put anything in quotation marks - it's not plagiarism if you acknowledge that it's a quotation
- 39. The Web viewed as the public domainCommon knowledgeDefinition: facts, dates, events and information that are readily availablee.g., mitosis is one stage of the cell cycleCommon knowledge does not have to be cited!You MUST cite a source when:the idea/thought comes from another source
- 40. an author interprets the thoughts/ideas from another source (secondary source)Common knowledgeTony Blair is the former UK Prime Minister
- 41. A molecule of water contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms
- 43. The speed of light is 299,792,458 metres per secondHOWEVER....if you’re not sure, GO AHEAD AND CITE!!
- 44. Common knowledge quizWhich one is considered common knowledge?A. Charles Darwin had several theories, including evolution and natural selectionB. Darwin's major work entitled Origin of Species was published in six different editions
- 45. Writing your reportWatch out for the following: Incorrect paraphrasing
- 46. use of quotations
- 47. use proper citation stylesparaphrasingWhen in doubt, cite!incorrect paraphrasing: Occurs when you only change a couple of words or phrases, or rearrange sentences
- 48. When the source of information and ideas are not acknowledgedparaphrasingcorrect paraphrasing: Occurs when you put the ideas into your own wordsANDyou give full acknowledgment for the ideas in your BIBLIOGRAPHYUse quotations...When the exact words are relevant to your argument
- 49. When something is expressed in an unique way
- 50. When rewriting would cause loss of impactCitation stylesVarious methods of citing references to the information that informs your own researchPick a style and stick to it! Common styles are the Harvard, APA, Chicago & Vancouver stylesSee the Library’s guide on citing correctly!
- 56. So....where do I start?
- 57. Different types of materialbooks!
- 59. databases – large searchable collections of journals or abstracts
- 60. newspapers
- 61. the Web! – though proceed with caution...Primary vs. secondary sources
- 62. BooksSearch in the library’s catalogue
- 63. Encyclopaedias and dictionaries are a good place to start for an overall view
- 64. Academic textbooks can also be a good place to startJournalstip: Journals that print review articles are excellent sources for starting your research
- 65. DatabasesDatabases are often large collections of full-text journals, or sometimes just abstracts of articles pulled together in one place
- 66. Search many different journals/ other resources in one goExamples of Scientific DatabasesPubmed
- 67. BioMed Central
- 68. Science Direct
- 69. Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA)
- 70. Web of Science
- 71. SpringerLinkALL very large store of contentALL available via the Library!
- 72. Newspapers/ News magazinesYes, newspapers! Sometimes a good place to discover new research
- 73. Often gives a summary in layman’s terms of new research being done
- 74. We have tools for searching many news media in one goAnd, yes, of course...the Web!
- 75. ...but, proceed with caution!
- 76. Websites with scientific informationLiaison Librarians (subject specialists) compile lists of freely available Web resources containing scientific information
- 77. Subject Gateways on the Webwww.intute.ac.uk
- 78. Subject Gateways on the Web
- 79. Subject Gateways on the Web
- 80. End result: a potentially useful resource!
- 81. End result: (another) potentially useful resource!
- 83. OK....NOW where do I start?
- 84. Begin a literature searchLiterature searching is the comprehensive study and interpretation of literature that is related to a particular topic
- 85. Steps in the processDefine your needRefine & revise search (if necessary)Determine appropriate (scientific) resourcesEvaluate information gatheredSearch!
- 86. Define your needLook at your research question, topic or assignment and identify what the core concepts are
- 87. This will help guide your search in the right direction and provide a framework for searching
- 88. To do this identify the key words or synonyms that describe your core conceptsExample:Find references on how food preservatives affect the growth of microorganisms
- 89. narrows your searchadditives AND microorganismsbroadens your searchbacteria OR virusnarrows your searchadditives NOT emulsifiers
- 90. Other search techniquesTo expand your search:Use synonyms, related terms or broader terms
- 91. Use both American and English spellings, e.g., fetus OR foetusTo narrow your search:Limit by year, language, type of publication...
- 92. Use more specific search terms
- 93. Use phrases, e.g., “drug therapy”Determine appropriate sourcesBEFORE you start searching, make a list of where you might find informationBooks – Library Catalogue(s) – reference material
- 94. Journal Articles – e-journals, review articles
- 95. Databases
- 96. Organisation – Library Subject Portals, Intute portal e.g.,(http://www.intute.ac.uk/agriculture/)
- 97. Professional experts (your lecturers!)Discovering the Library’s online resources
- 100. Library catalogueWhen searching the catalogue, think broadly in a particular subject area...
- 102. Tip!Textbooks often have many different editionsUse the “sort by” function to sort by date to see which is the latest edition…
- 103. e-books!
- 104. Reference titles – dictionaries, encyclopaedias
- 105. A few examples….
- 109. Search journals by title...
- 110. Exercise!Log in to the Library’s findit system and search for the following journal:Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biologyaccess the journal via the Nature link (NOT EBSCOhost)
- 111. find review articles on apoptosis via the “web focuses” section of the journal’s websiteBrowse journals by subject area...
- 113. Search databases by title...
- 114. ...or browse by subject area
- 115. ...or browse by subject area
- 116. Exercise!Search for the following database:Genetics AbstractsYou are trying to find articles on programmed cell death or apoptosis in plantsYou want your search terms to appear in the title of the articleLimit your search to journal articles published in the last 5 years onlyOnce located, get the full text of one of the articles by clicking on the button
- 118. Conduct a search of many databases by subject in one go
- 119. Now let’s go back to our research question
- 120. Example:Find references on how food preservatives affect the growth of microorganisms
- 121. Exercise!Consider this research question:Do pathogens manipulate death responses in plant cells? Identify the key concepts, consider synonyms, and compose a search query using connectors (AND, OR)
- 122. Do an advanced search in PubMed database and limit your search to the last 5 years
- 123. How many results do you find?
- 124. Feedback!Please fill out this short evaluation form…be honest!http://bit.ly/e1O26aTHANK YOU!
- 125. Josh Clark, Science Liaison LibrarianMy Contact info:Tel: 716 7646Email: joshua.clark@ucd.ieJames Joyce LibraryLevel 4, Room 414 (just ask at the Information Desk)University College DublinAn Coláiste Ollscoil, Baile Átha Cliath
- 126. A typical journal article…
- 127. I’m trying to find…
- 128. I’m trying to find…CONNOLLY, H.C. JR, JONES, B.D. & HEWINS, R.H. 1997. The flash melting of chondrules: an experimental investigation into the melting history and physical nature of chondrule precursors. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 2725–2735.
- 129. Anatomy of a journal reference 1CONNOLLY, H.C. JR, JONES, B.D. & HEWINS, R.H. 1997. The flash melting of chondrules: an experimental investigation into the melting history and physical nature of chondrule precursors. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 2725–2735.Author(s)
- 130. Anatomy of a journal reference 2CONNOLLY, H.C. JR, JONES, B.D. & HEWINS, R.H. 1997. The flash melting of chondrules: an experimental investigation into the melting history and physical nature of chondrule precursors. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 2725–2735.Year of publication
- 131. Anatomy of a journal reference 3CONNOLLY, H.C. JR, JONES, B.D. & HEWINS, R.H. 1997. The flash melting of chondrules: an experimental investigation into the melting history and physical nature of chondrule precursors. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 2725–2735.article title
- 132. Anatomy of a journal reference 4CONNOLLY, H.C. JR, JONES, B.D. & HEWINS, R.H. 1997. The flash melting of chondrules: an experimental investigation into the melting history and physical nature of chondrule precursors. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 2725–2735.journal title
- 133. Anatomy of a journal reference 5CONNOLLY, H.C. JR, JONES, B.D. & HEWINS, R.H. 1997. The flash melting of chondrules: an experimental investigation into the melting history and physical nature of chondrule precursors. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 2725–2735.volume no
- 134. Anatomy of a journal reference 6CONNOLLY, H.C. JR, JONES, B.D. & HEWINS, R.H. 1997. The flash melting of chondrules: an experimental investigation into the melting history and physical nature of chondrule precursors. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 2725–2735.page no(s)