Ch 08
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This document discusses circuit switching and telephone networks. It describes different types of circuit switches used in telephone networks like space-division, time-division, and crossbar switches. It also describes the major components of telephone networks including local access and transport areas (LATAs), local exchange carriers, switching offices, and points of presence. It notes how telephone networks have transitioned from analog to digital services over time.
Ch 08
- 1. Chapter 8 Circuit Switching and Telephone Network
- 2. 8.1 Circuit Switching Space-Division Switch Time-Division Switch TDM Bus Combinations
- 3. Figure 8.1 Circuit-switched network
- 4. Figure 8.2 A circuit switch
- 5. Figure 8.3 A folded switch
- 6. Figure 8.4 Crossbar switch
- 7. Figure 8.5 Multistage switch
- 8. Figure 8.6 Switching path
- 9. Figure 8.7 Time-division multiplexing, without and with a time-slot interchange
- 10. Figure 8.8 Time-slot interchange
- 11. Figure 8.9 TDM bus
- 12. Figure 8.10 TST switch
- 13. 8.2 Telephone Network Major Components LATAs Making a Connection Analog Services Digital Services A Brief History
- 14. Figure 8.11 A telephone system
- 15. Intra-LATA services are provided by local exchange carriers. Since 1996, there are two types of LECs: incumbent local exchange carriers and competitive local exchange carriers. Note :
- 16. Figure 8.12 Switching offices in a LATA
- 17. Figure 8.13 POPs
- 18. Figure 8.14 Rotary and touch-tone dialing
- 19. Voice communication used analog signals in the past, but is now moving to digital signals. On the other hand, dialing started with digital signals (rotary) and is now moving to analog signals (touch-tone). Note :