The Evolution of Lean
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This document discusses the evolution of understanding about Lean. It argues that Lean is more about continually striving towards improved value delivery through challenges and target conditions, rather than just eliminating waste. Striving towards improved "1x1 flow" - providing exactly what the customer wants, when and where they want it - is an inevitable trajectory, as customers' desires change. True innovation happens through day-to-day iteration towards goals across an organization. Management's role is to systematically pursue improved conditions by coordinating people's capabilities.
The Evolution of Lean
- 1. The Evolution of Lean * * Actually... evolution in our understanding of Lean The next piece of the puzzle for Lean and Management © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 1 Mike Rother July 2010 Copyright © 2010 Mike Rother, all rights reserved 1217 Baldwin Avenue / Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA / tel: (734) 665-5411 / mrother@umich.edu
- 2. © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 2 EXPAND YOUR THINKING ABOUT LEAN Weʼre learning to see Lean, continuous improvement and innovation a new way Focusing on waste elimination and cost reduction alone has gotten stale and is no guarantee of business success. What do you want to achieve? The research that led to the book Toyota Kata looked into the intention behind Toyotaʼs practices and principles. Itʼs much more about challenge and nurturing the human resources that go into enterprise than you might think. When you get to this level in Lean the lessons become universal and change how you view your job as a leader and manager.
- 3. WHAT ARE WE LEARNING ABOUT LEAN? Human Genetics © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 3 Examples: • Challenge/Striving • Scientific approach / PDCA • Practicing an Improvement Kata • Managers as coaches We are getting to this level Our lean awareness began here (1985-2005) Much of our recent lean awareness was here Lean Practices and Tools Lean Concepts & Principles Human Endeavor Human Cognitive Processes Examples: • Eliminate waste • Kanban • Heijunka • Assembly cells Examples: • Continuous improvement • Pull • Leveling • Make problems visible Examples: • Ability to envision • Ability to learn Examples: • Natural selection • Sexual selection P P P
- 4. © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 4 HUMAN ENDEAVOR OR CHALLENGE To aspire, strive or reach. A conscientious or concerted effort toward an end. Purposeful or industrious activity; enterprise.
- 5. © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 5 THREE KEY POINTS
- 6. Point 1: WE MISTOOK COST CUTTING AND ELIMINATING WASTE AS THE ACTIVITY OF LEAN The activity of Lean is more interesting than that! © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 6 Eliminating waste is not a goal in itself. Itʼs something that happens while you strive for something. After taking steps you can look back and say you eliminated waste. But thatʼs an outcome, not what you did. What you actually do in Lean is work through the obstacles that lie between you and a new desired condition, such as: • Processing tissue samples in one day • Providing warranty repairs in one week • Painting parts within the 1x1 flow of an assembly process • Operating a process with four instead of six operators
- 7. ELIMINATING WASTE DOESNʼT INVOLVE STRIVING TOWARD SOMETHING Waste Hunt Striving Toward Something © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 7 Target Condition “We moved the blow-off hose closer to the operator to eliminate some waste.” “We moved the blow-off hose closer to the operator, which got us a step closer to our next target condition. A narrow focus on minimizing waste & cost is not what will help our organizations meet the challenges they face and differentiate themselves from competitors. The Lean revolution means kaizening everywhere, but not everything. It involves working on those things that move you from your current condition to a defined new target condition.
- 8. Going after waste / problems / opportunities © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 8 NOTICE THE DIFFERENCE Iterating toward a target condition Troubleshooting Striving
- 9. SUSTAINED COMPETITIVENESS TAKES STRIVING TOWARD SOMETHING © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 9 Just reacting to problems (troubleshooting) is not what Toyota is doing. Thatʼs not enough to generate sustained competitiveness. Thriving in unpredictable, competitive circumstances involves actively and systematically striving for something, not just reacting to problems and trying to counteract entropy. Striving Troubleshooting The Workday The point is that in order for your organization to thrive, some portion of everyoneʼs workday should involve striving toward the next overarching Challenge and local Target Conditions.
- 10. © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 10 SO WHAT IS LEAN ABOUT? In addition to the well-known Lean practices, much of Lean is about mobilizing human ingenuity toward challenging objectives Ingenuity= Creating a way of doing something we want but cannot yet do The target condition a team strives for can be big or small, it doesnʼt matter: q An assembly operator and team leader want to find a way to drive screws without cross-threading them q We want to operate an assembly cell with four instead of six operators (at the same output) q We want to injection mold parts in lot sizes 80% smaller q We want to develop an electric car that goes 250 miles on a single charge Key point: the situation (something we cannot yet do) and the approach (iterative learning) are the same in each case above
- 11. © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 11 OK... HUMAN ENDEAVOR & INGENUITY BUT IN WHAT DIRECTION?
- 12. © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 12 Point 2: WE MISTAKENLY THOUGHT THE DIRECTION IS OUR CHOICE We sometimes discuss and argue about which way our improvement efforts should head, as if it is our choice Actually: 1x1 flow is a major direction-giver, whether you like it or not
- 13. SOMEDAY IN THE FUTURE A customer will want one unit of your product or service, and a company will provide it, then and there, at the right quality & price © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 13 The only question open to you is... do you want to be that company or will it be someone else?
- 14. © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 14 A BETTER DEFINITION OF LEAN A permanent struggle to better flow value to each customer.
- 15. MUCH OF HUMAN ENDEAVOR Has involved an inexorable striving toward Humans have been striving toward greater 1x1 flow for centuries, when we define it as follows: --> Getting value that is wanted or needed, when and where it is wanted or needed. © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 15 1x1 flow at lowest energy “1x1 flow at lowest energy” Key point: You donʼt have to be at 100% 1x1 value flow. You just need to keep moving toward it and stay ahead of your competition on the way there. Current Condition
- 16. © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 16 THIS TRAJECTORY IS INEVITABLE Striving toward 1x1 value flow is constantly going on around us. So any organization that decides it doesnʼt need to keep working to get closer to 1x1 value flow, retires from the game. What does the customer really value? Examples of retiring from the game: q Assembling lawnmowers, but not working on improving how lawnmowers are assembled q Producing lawnmowers, but not working on producing them in smaller lot sizes q Manufacturing lawnmowers, but not working on developing grass that stops growing at 3 inches
- 17. EXAMPLES OF STRIVING FOR 1x1 VALUE FLOW THROUGHOUT HISTORY Examples by Mr. Gerd Aulinger © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 17 Music In the 19th century if you wanted to hear Strauss play a waltz you had to invite him. Later we could go to the store to buy records and CDs. Today music plays on your mp3 player, downloaded from the internet. Books Prior to the 15th century if you wanted to read a book someone had to write it by hand. Then Gutenberg began printing them. Eventually publishing companies were born and you could buy books at a bookstore. Now you order books online, or download them to a reading device. Mail Once we sent letters by horserider. Then came mail coaches. Following that was once-daily delivery to your door. Today we communicate anytime via telephone, email and Skype. What examples can you think of? How about running water, agriculture, bridges, glass windows, and so on...
- 18. A wide range of human activity -- involving everyone in every area of an organization -- entails working to get ever closer to 1x1 value flow. For example... although the customer may ultimately want a hole and not a drill, there will be many intermediate steps and developments - large and small - throughout the organization before we can do that. There will be many target conditions along the way, and lots of iteration, or PDCA, as we strive to achieve them. Unlike what you may think, the action of innovation is the day-to- day enterprise of iterating toward a goal, undertaken across an organization. The people in your organization are the innovators. © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 18 THE ACTION OF INNOVATION Thatʼs how we did it!
- 19. Human Genetics P P P © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 19 WE NOW HAVE A BETTER PICTURE OF LEAN Lean Practices and Toolkit Lean Concepts & Principles Human Endeavor Human Cognitive Processes Examples: • Eliminate waste • Kanban • Heijunka • Assembly cells Examples: • Continuous improvement • Pull • Leveling • Make problems visible Examples: • Challenge/Striving • Scientific approach / PDCA • Practicing an improvement kata • Managers as coaches Examples: • Ability to envision • Ability to learn Examples: • Natural selection • Sexual selection This is the context within which Lean practices, tools, concepts and principles are designed to work. Without this context, Lean doesnʼt generate continuous improvement and tends to be perceived and pursued only as cost cutting.
- 20. WHAT IS MANAGEMENTʼS JOB? The Toyota Kata definition of “management” = The systematic pursuit of desired conditions by utilizing human capabilities in a concerted way © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 20 Point 3: We want to be here next We are here Current condition Desired condition Target condition Challenge
- 21. MANAGING COLLECTIVE INGENUITY The Potential © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 21 Humans are equipped to handle challenges. Our capability for learning allows us to improve, innovate, create and adapt, and thus so can our organizations! That is... as long as we have learned an effective way to meet challenges. Our capability comes into play when we lead and manage ourselves in a way that develops, mobilizes and utilizes that capability. Company utilizes peopleʼs capability in order to strive for desired conditions Gap The Typical Reality People and organizations seek security in predictability. Change doesnʼt happen. Meeting challenges as an organization requires teaching the organizationʼs members how to do it in their everyday work
- 22. A four-step routine to practice: The Improvement Kata Vision 2 4 3 1 Next Current Condition Target Condition Obstacles Challenge © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 22 A TASK FOR MANAGERS Coach the organizationʼs members in practicing a routine (Kata) that develops & utilizes their creative powers 1 In consideration of a direction or challenge... 2 Grasp the current condition. 3 Define the next target condition. 4 Move toward that target condition with PDCA, which uncovers obstacles that need to be worked on. The Improvement Kata is a way of achieving things that you don't know how you are going to achieve
- 23. Teaching this is Managementʼs job Current Condition Obstacles Challenge Vision for Customer © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 23 MANAGEMENT + LEADERSHIP Target Condition Establishing this is part of Leadership 1x1 value flow at lowest energy Practice here Leading involves establishing strategic purpose, defining challenges, ensuring that managers teach an effective way of meeting those challenges, and modeling the behaviors. Managing involves teaching people how to work systematically and scientifically along uncertain paths to achieve local goals on the way to overarching challenges.
- 24. THIS IS A DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT TASK In the Lean approach, the job of managers is not to get the results, but to develop people so that results can be achieved © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 24 Traditional Management Toyota Kata Management • Establish targets • Describe solutions to implement • Provide incentives • Get out of the way and periodically check results • Establish targets • Develop, via practice with coaching, peopleʼs capability to develop their own solutions... ...by having people practice a way of working like the Improvement Kata Focus on solutions Focus on how solutions are developed
- 25. THE DOOR IS OPEN! To a new way of managing © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 25 We like to talk about our outcomes, our inventions, and tend to overlook the day-to-day enterprise of the steps that get us there; the successive target conditions and all that iteration. When you realize that progress arises from accumulation of steps across the organization, it makes great sense to develop the capability of everyone in the organization to do focused, systematic continuous improvement on their processes. Developing people involves challenging people. But just issuing challenges isnʼt enough. It would be disrespectful to do that without also teaching a systematic, common means - a kata - for developing solutions and meeting challenges. So this is not about respect for people in order to be nice. It's a kind of respect for people -- for developing and using everyoneʼs capabilities -- thatʼs necessary for us to collectively achieve what we need to achieve.
- 26. COACHING EVERY DAY © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 26 To get people across an organization to systematically and scientifically work on improvement every day requires teaching the skills behind the solution. And for that to happen their managers need to practice and learn those skills too. You canʼt coach a skill that you havenʼt done yourself.
- 27. WHERE DO YOU & YOUR TEAM WANT TO BE NEXT? What challenges are you trying to meet, and whatʼs your Kata for getting there? We want to be here We are here Obstacles Unclear Territory © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 27 Thank you to Prof. Jeff Liker, Gerd Aulinger, Jon Miller and John Shook for their critique and input on this SlideShare
- 28. © Mike Rother TOYOTA KATA 28 LEARN MORE The 16-minute video on the next page takes a deeper look at why the concept of “Lean” needs to evolve https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amK8pOT-rsg Also available on the IK/CK YouTube Channel