Chapter 1 Part 2
- 1. 1 Science as a Social Enterprise (Part 2) Lecture 2.2: Adapted from Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences (2010)
- 2. Science as a Social Enterprise (Part 2) Adapted from Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences (2010) 2 1) Facts do not speak for themselves. They must be presented and argued to peers and colleagues. 2) But “persuasion” tends to be a dirty word in our culture, particularly in science (16) 3) Findings take on the status of scientific knowledge as they become accepted more and more by the scientific community 4) Persuasion presented by logic, presentation, and style (ethos) - Read paragraph about Marshall on page 17 The Role of Persuasion in Scientific Communication
- 3. Science as a Social Enterprise (Part 2) Adapted from Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences (2010) 3 5) Levels of formality needs to shift to match the situation (Marshall was too enthusiastic for a formal presentation) 6) To be persuasive, scientists must make claims of their research believable in the context of previous research and current paradigms The Role of Persuasion in Scientific Communication
- 4. Science as a Social Enterprise (Part 2) Adapted from Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences (2010) 4 Aristotle: “The ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion.” 1) Ethos—character, credibility, ethics 2) Pathos—behavior, emotion, sensitivity 3) Logos—logic, fact, convention The Role of Rhetoric (***Not in Book***)
- 5. Science as a Social Enterprise (Part 2) Adapted from Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences (2010) 5 1) Understanding the conventions of a particular community and how to demonstrate research and findings to that community distinguishes a professional scientist from a student scientist 2) As a student scientist, you learn content knowledge (principles, concepts, terminology) and procedural knowledge (how to conduct research, test hypotheses, use basic methods, how to communicate concerns….) Scientific Communication and Convention
- 6. 6 Science as a Social Enterprise (Part 2) Adapted from Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences (2010) 66 3) The more familiar you become with content and procedural knowledge, the easier it becomes to understand texts, problems, and concepts 4) In learning what and how to say things, you also learn what not to say. What do you leave out of the research paper? (emotions, beliefs, intuition, mistakes, missteps, accidents, serendipity, other “non-scientific” factors) Scientific Communication and Convention
- 7. 77 Science as a Social Enterprise (Part 2) Adapted from Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences (2010) 7 1) “et al.” indicates several scientists working on the same project 2) Scientists use other scientists’ work to move their own work forward—social histories are constructed and relied upon 3) History, politics, economics, and culture all influence the shape of science, just as scienceinfluences each of them (22) The Role of Collaboration in Scientific Communication