![What is Engineering?
If someone (father, grandmother, aunt, friend, fellow
student) asked you the question: “What is
engineering?” - How would you respond?
“Engineering is the profession in which a knowledge
of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by
study, experience, and practice, is applied with
judgment to develop ways to utilize, economically, the
materials and forces of nature for the benefit of
[hu]mankind.”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter-2-210525015945/85/Chapter-2-3-320.jpg)
Chapter 2
- 2. Chapter Overview What is Engineering? The Engineering Design Process Rewards and Opportunities of an Engineering Career Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century Engineering Disciplines Engineering Job Functions Employment Opportunities Important Fields for the Future Sustainability Engineering as a Profession
- 3. What is Engineering? If someone (father, grandmother, aunt, friend, fellow student) asked you the question: “What is engineering?” - How would you respond? “Engineering is the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of [hu]mankind.”
- 4. Learning More about Engineering Study Chapter 2 of Studying Engineering Search the web Talk to engineering professionals Attend career days Other?
- 6. How Things Work Internet (e.g., www.howstuffworks.com) Trade magazines (e.g., Popular Mechanics, PC World, etc.) Engineering society websites and magazines (e.g., www.spectrum.ieee.org) Reverse engineering
- 7. Case Study – Human-Powered Helicopter Example on how the design process is implemented
- 8. Job Satisfaction Number one cause of unhappiness among people in the U.S. Financial problems? Relationship problems? Health problems? Job dissatisfaction? What is it about engineering that is so satisfying? No No No Yes!
- 9. Rewards and Opportunities of an Engineering Career Varied opportunities Challenging work Intellectual development Social impact Financial security Prestige Professional environment Understanding how things work Creative thinking Self esteem What rewards, benefits, and opportunities excite you? and many more…
- 10. Varied Opportunities The day you walk down the aisle to receive your degree in engineering, you have closed no doors. There is nothing you cannot become from that day forward!!!
- 11. People Educated as Engineers Engineer Profession Jimmy Carter President of the United States Alfred Hitchcock Film Director/Producer Eleanor Baum First Woman Dean of Engineering Herbie Hancock Jazz Musician Frank Capra American Film Director Paul MacCready Inventor/Winner of Kremer Prize Ellen Ochoa Space Shuttle Astronaut Hyman G. Rickover Father of the Nuclear Navy Bill Nye Host of TV Show “Bill Nye, The Science Guy” Boris Yeltsin President of Russia Alexander Calder Sculptor Bill Koch Yachtsman/Captain of America Cup Team
- 12. Engineer Profession W. Edwards Deming Father of Modern Management Practice (TQM) Grace Murray Hopper U.S. Navy Rear Admiral/Computer Engineer Ming Tsai Restaurateur and Star on TV’s Food Network Hu Jintao President of the People’s Republic of China Montel Williams Syndicated Talk Show Host John H. Sununu Political Pundit/Governor of New Hampshire Samuel Bodman U.S. Secretary of Energy Donald Thompson CEO and President, McDonald’s Corp. Rowan Atkinson British Actor/Comedian/Screenwriter Rudolph Diesel Inventor of the Diesel Engine Michael Bloomberg Billionaire/Mayor of New York City Lonnie G. Johnson Inventor (SuperSoaker®) A. Scott Crossfield X-15 Test Pilot Don Louis A. Ferre Governor of Puerto Rico
- 13. Engineer Profession Yasser Arafat Palestinian Leader/Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Tom Landry Dallas Cowboys’ Head Coach Igor Sikorsky Inventor of Single Rotor Helicopter Mohamed Morsi President of Egypt Shiela Widnall Secretary of the Air Force David A. Wolf Astronaut/Medical Doctor/Electrical Engineer Robert A. Moog Father of Synthetic Music Chester Carlson Inventor of Xerox Process John A. McCone Director of Central Intelligence Agency Arthur C. Nielsen Developer of Nielsen TV Ratings And many more…
- 14. Financial Reward Starting Salaries for 2018 Bachelor’s Degree Discipline Average Salary Engineering $66,521 Mathematics and Sciences $61,867 Computer Sciences $60,005 Business $56,720 Humanities & Social Sciences $56,669 Agriculture and Natural Resources $53,565 Communications $51,448 Average for All Disciplines $44,259
- 15. Prestige Engineers are critical to: International competitiveness Standard of living National security Personal health Public safety
- 16. Greatest Engineering Achievements of 20th Century 20. High performance materials 19. Nuclear technologies 18. Laser and fiber optics 17. Petroleum and gas technologies 16. Health technologies 15. Household appliances 14. Imaging technologies 13. Internet 12. Space exploration 11. Interstate highways
- 17. Greatest Engineering Achievements of 20th Century 10. Air-conditioning and refrigeration 9. Telephone 8. Computers 7. Agricultural mechanization 6. Radio and television 5. Electronics 4. Safe and abundant water 3. Airplane 2. Automobile 1. Electrification
- 18. Engineering Disciplines Discipline B.S. Degrees Awarded in 2016 Mechanical engineering 29,751 Electrical and electronics engineering 16,0165 Civil engineering 14,457 Chemical engineering 9,898 Computer engineering 6,671 Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 6,607 Industrial engineering 5,063 Aerospace engineering 3,967 General engineering 3,431 All other engr. disciplines 13,224
- 19. Engineering Job Functions Analysis Design Test Development Sales Research Management Consulting Teaching Entrepreneurship
- 20. Employment Areas for Individuals with Engineering Degrees Employment Area Percentage Business/Industry 64.5% Federal Government 4.6% State/Local Government 6.2% Educational Institutions 18.5% Self-Employed 6.2% Total 100%
- 21. Manufacturing Industry Sectors Employing Largest Number of Engineers Computer and electronic product Transportation equipment Machinery Fabricated metal product Chemical Electronic equipment, appliance, and component
- 22. Non-manufacturing Industry Sectors Employing Largest Number of Engineers Professional, scientific, and technical services Information Construction Wholesale trade Administrative and support Management of companies and enterprises Utilities Mining
- 23. 50 Greatest Technological Inventions of Past 25 Years 50 to 41 40 to 31 30 to 21 20 to 11 10 to 1 Hybrid cars Lithium rechargeable batteries Home audio editing JPEG Genetic sequencing Mini disc DVD Home video editing Microblogging Web-based email Color plasma display CD-R Camcorders Caller ID Search engines Optical computer mouse Voice mail Digital SLR cameras Mobile broadband Smart phones LED headlights Online stock trading Multi-core processors Blogs Text messaging Electronic tolls Doppler radar Satellite radio MP3 players Wi-Fi OLED TV MPEG-4 Flip phones Electronic word processing MP3 Blu-ray Flash memory Digital HDTV DVR Broadband Internet Satellite TV Bluetooth Instant messaging DNA profiling Personal computers Recordable DVDs Commercialized GPS Consumer digital cameras Social networking service World Wide Web
- 24. Major Events and Changes Affecting the Future Industrial disasters, such as oil spills or nuclear accident Advances in computer technology Advances in communications and internet The knowledge and information explosion Globalization (outsourcing, off-shoring) Environmental challenges/sustainability World population explosion Displacement of people due to famine and war Social and economic injustice Pandemic diseases/drug resistance germs Climate change/natural disasters Nuclear proliferation Events of September 11, 2001/threat of terrorism
- 25. 14 Grand Challenges for Engineering 1. Make solar energy economical 2. Provide energy from fusion 3. Develop carbon sequestration methods 4. Manage the nitrogen cycle 5. Provide access to clean water 6. Restore and improve urban infrastructure 7. Advance health informatics
- 26. 14 Grand Challenges for Engineering (continued) 8. Engineer better medicines 9. Reverse-engineer the brain 10.Prevent nuclear terror 11.Secure cyberspace 12.Enhance virtual reality 13.Advance personalized learning 14.Engineer the tools of scientific discovery
- 27. Sustainability Sustainability is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
- 28. Sustainability Major environmental problems Global warming/climate change Ozone depletion Water quality and quantity Air pollution Dependence on fossil fuels/energy crisis Unsustainable agriculture Threat of disease Waste management and land pollution Over-consumption World hunger Loss of ecosystems/deforestation/animal extinction The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them. – Albert Einstein
- 29. Attributes of “Green Engineering” and Sustainable Designs Designs that use less energy or reduce emission Designs with minimal carbon footprints Designs that reduce material usage or waste in manufacturing Designs with no toxic materials Designs that comply with environmental standards and regulations Manufacturing processes that use less energy and natural resources Products that can be disposed of safely, including biodegradable materials and packaging Manufacturing processes that minimize the usage or production of substances of concern Designs that use renewable/recyclable/recycled materials Products that require less packaging
- 30. Engineering as a Profession Characteristics of a learned profession Professional registration – Graduation from ABET-accredited engineering program – Pass Fundamentals of Engineering Exam (FE) – Complete four years of acceptable engineering practice – Pass the Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) Exam Professional societies
- 31. Group Discussion Exercise Motorized Beach Wheelchair Working in your group, develop a list of specifications for a motorized wheel chair that could be used on a sandy beach. Appoint a leader to keep the discussion on topic and a recorder to record and report what you come up with
- 32. Alternative Group Discussion Learning More About Engineering In your group, “brainstorm” a list of tangible things you can do to learn more about engineering. Be bold and creative! Appoint a leader to keep the discussion on topic and a recorder to record and report what you come up with.