chapter_1_Introduction to Emerging Technologies

03/24/2025 By Mr. Solomon Endalu BU 1
Bonga University
College of Engineering and
Technology
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Introduction to Emerging Technologies

03/24/2025 By Mr. Yonatan N., WRU 2
Contents
Chapter objective
Emerging technologies
Evolution of technology
Currently available emerging technologies
Industrial revolution
Roles of data for emerging technologies
Enabling devices and networks
Human to machine interaction (HMI/HCI)
Future emerging technologies

The objective of the chapter
After the successfully completing this chapter, the students can
Explain and identify emerging technologies
Identify technological advancements that made I.R possible
Analyze the changes created by I.R
Explain the role of big data for emerging technologies
Explain the 4 basic kinds of digital electronic system with examples
Analyze the concepts of HMI

Brainstorming
Can you define or give an example for emerging technology?

Emerging Technology
 New technology;
 The continuing development of existing technology;
 Technologies that are currently developing;
 Technologies that are expected to be available within the next five to ten years;
 Technologies that are creating or are expected to create significant social or
economic effects.

Evolution of Technology
TECHNOLOGY:
The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes (e.g. industry)
Machinery or equipment developed from the application of scientific knowledge.
Branch of knowledge dealing with engineering or applied sciences.
Tools and machines that may be used to solve real-world problems.
Science of Mechanical and Industrial Arts.

…Evolution of Technology
EVOLUTION:
The process of developing by gradual processes.
Example: Cellular Communication Evolution

Artificial Intelligence
IoT
5-G
Biometrics
3D printing
Cloud Computing
Big Data
Currently available emerged technologies
Source: internet

Industrial Revolution (I.R)
A period of major industrialization and innovation that took place during the late
1700s and early 1800s.
An Industrial Revolution shifts a society from using tools to make products to use
new sources of energy, such as coal, to power machines in factories.
The revolution started in England, with a series of innovations to make labor more
efficient and productive.
The Industrial Revolution was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved from
small shops and homes to large factories.
This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved from rural areas to big
cities in order to work in the industries.

…Industrial Revolution (I.R)
First industrial revolution: mechanization through water and steam power
Began in the 1760s
Transition from manual to machines
Second industrial revolution: mass production and assembly lines using electricity
Known as Technological Revolution

Third industrial revolution: adoption of computers and automation
Nicknamed “Digital Revolution” because transition of mechanical and analog  digital systems
Fourth industrial revolution: Smart and autonomous systems fueled by availability of data and
machine learning.
 Robotics
 AI
 IoT
 CNC

Generally, All the 4 I.Rs changed and transformed the
world into modern society for the past 4 centuries.
Think about the global socio-economic impact of the
industrial revolutions? Does it change our way of life?

The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
 Transportation: The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel Engine, The
Airplane.
 Communication: The Telegraph. The Transatlantic Cable. The Phonograph. The
Telephone.
 Industry: The Cotton Gin. The Sewing Machine. Electric Lights.

The four types of industries are:
 The primary industry involves getting raw materials e.g. mining, farming, and
fishing.
 The secondary industry involves manufacturing e.g. making cars and steel.
 Tertiary industries provide a service e.g. teaching and nursing.
 The quaternary industry involves research and development industries e.g. IT.

Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
Data:
 The new oil and strategic asset since we are living in the age of big data,
 Drives or even determines the future of science, technology, the economy, and
possibly everything in our world today and tomorrow.
 Presents enormous challenges that in turn bring incredible innovation and
economic opportunities.
 Involves not only core disciplines such as computing, informatics, and statistics,
but also the broad-based fields of business, social science, and health/medical
science.

Enabling devices and networks
(Programmable devices)
Four basic kinds of digital electronic systems:
1. Memory devices: store some information (e.g. spreadsheet, database)
2. Microprocessors: execute instructions (programs) to process data
E.g. word processing, video game
3. Logic devices: provide specific functions like device-to-device interfacing, data
communication, signal processing, data display, timing and control operations.
4. Network: is collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices,
peripherals connected together to allow sharing of data or other resources.
The Internet is the biggest network we have.

… Enabling devices and networks
Programmable devices are chips that incorporate:
Field Programmable logic devices (FPGAs),
Complex programmable logic devices (CPLD), and
Programmable logic devices (PLD).
There are also devices that are the analog equivalent of these called field programmable
analog arrays.

… Enabling devices and networks
Computer:
 Is the most common programmable device: it can be programmed to follow
a set of instructions and produce some results.
 Has different types depending on their purposes
Small computers (many electronic devices we use such as calculators,
phones, …) perform only one or small number of operations, but still they
are programmed to follow a certain set of instructions to achieve that.

List of some Programmable devices
Achronix Speedster SPD60
Actel’s
Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) family
Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
Silicon Blue Technologies
Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
Xmos Semiconductor L series

Network-related equipment's
(Service Enabling Devices) (SEDs)
 Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit (DSU)
 Modems
 Routers
 Switches
 Conferencing equipment
 Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
 Hosting equipment and servers
Source: internet

Human to Machine Interaction
 Refers to the communication and interaction between a human and a machine via a
user interface.
 Natural interfaces becoming so common: devices are capable of understanding some
of human gestures.
 HCI – is the study of how people interact with computers and to what extent could
computers interact with human beings successfully.
 Human to Machine Interaction (HMI) is also sometimes called Human to Computer
Interaction (HCI)
 HCI improves the interaction between users and computers by making computers
more user-friendly and receptive to the user's needs.

…Human to Machine Interaction
Three components in HCI:
The user
The computer
The interaction (how they interact with each other).
Users interact with computers using input/output devices
Displays – displaying graphical user interfaces which the user could use to send commands
to the computer or receive results from the computer
Input devices (KB, mouse) allowing inputs to computer

Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information processing, performance prediction,
cooperative working, and capabilities.
Computer science: Including graphics, technology, prototyping tools, user interface
management systems.
Linguistics.
Engineering and design.
Artificial intelligence.
Human factors.

Future emerging technologies
Emerging technologies that will shape the future of us and our business are:
 Chatbots,
 Virtual/augmented reality,
 Blockchain,
 Ephemeral Apps and
 Artificial Intelligence

END!!

chapter_1_Introduction to Emerging Technologies

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